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??????? ????: 46°29′8.6″N 30°44′36.4″E  /  46.485722°N 30.743444°E  / 46.485722; 30.743444 ?????? : 46°29′8.6″N 30°44′36.4″E  /  46.485722°N 30.743444°E  / 46.485722; 30.743444
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1 Metropolitan area population as of 2001

?????? ( ??????? : Odessa ?? Odesa? ???? : Оде?сса [??d?es?]? ???????: Оде?са? (   ???? )) ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??????? ??????? ???. ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? (??? ????) ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???. ?? ??? ?????? ??????? (????) ? ?????? ?????? (????) ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???. ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? (Pearl of Black Sea)? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? (The Humor Capital) ? ??????? ???? (Southern Palmyra) ???? ??? ?? ^[1] . ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ”??????? ?????? ?? ???“ ?? ????? ????? ??. 2021? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? 1,015,826 ??? ^[2] . ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ??.

?? ??? ? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????? ???.

??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???. 1440? ? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ( Hacı I Giray) ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ^[3] . ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????. 1529? ??? 1792? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????. 1794? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ????.

???????? ????? ? ?? ????? ? ???? ???????? ? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ^[4] . ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ^[5] . ?? ??? ? ?? ??????? ???: ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ??????? (Port Yuzhne). ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???. ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ????????? (Chornomorsk) ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???. ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???. ?? ??? ??? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???. 2022? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??.

????? [ ??????? ]

1. ↑ " Who's Behind A String Of Bombings In Ukraine's Black Sea 'Pearl'? " (en ?). NPR.org . https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/07/01/418905297/whos-behind-a-string-of-bombings-in-ukraines-black-sea-pearl .  
2. ↑ ??????? ???? (PDF) , ??? 2022-04-06 ?? ??? (PDF) ??? ??????? ??? , ???? ??? 2022-03-23  
3. ↑ Pultar, Gonul (2014-04-14) (en ?). Imagined Identities: Identity Formation in the Age of Globalization . Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-3342-6 . https://books.google.com/books?id=KhiQAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA355#v=onepage&q&f=false .  
4. ↑ Harvard Ukranian Studies, Vol.1, No. 1, March 1977
5. ↑ ??????? ???? , ??? 2012-03-06 ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? , ???? ??? 2022-03-23