Olsztyn
(
Pols pronunciation:
[??l.?t?n]
(
listen
)
; German:
Allenstein
,
[?al?n?ta??n]
;
Auld Pols
:
Holstin
;
Auld Proushian
:
Aln?steini
;
Lithuanian
:
Ol?tynas
) is a ceety on the
Łyna River
in northeastren
Poland
. Olsztyn haes been the caipital o the
Warmie-Masurie Voivodeship
syne 1999. It wis previously in the
Olsztyn Voivodeship
(an in
ither units
in 1945?75 an 1975?98). The ceety haes coonty status.
In 1346 the auld Posuhie
Warmie
forest in the vicinity wis cleared an a place wis selectit on the
Alle
, nou Łyna River, for a new settlement. The
Teutonic Knichts
began the construction o
Ordensburg
castle in 1347 as a stranghauld against the
Auld Proushies
, an the settlement o Allenstein wis first mentioned the follaein year. The German name
Allenstein
meant a castle on the Alle River. It became kent in Pols transliteration as
Olsztyn
. The settlement receivit
municipal richts
frae
Johannes von Leysen
on 31 October 1353, an the castle wis completit in 1397. Allenstein wis incorporatit intae the
Kinrick o Poland
durin the
Pols-Lithuanie-Teutonic War
in 1410 an in 1414 durin the
Hunger War
, but wis returned tae the
monastic state o the Teutonic Knichts
efter hostilities endit.
Allenstein joined the
Proushie Confederation
in 1440. It rebelled against the Teutonic Knichts in 1454 upon the ootbreak o the
Thirteen Years' War
an requestit protection frae the
Pols Croun
. Although the Teutonic Knichts captured the toun in the follaein year, it wis retaken bi Pols troops in 1463. The
Seicont Peace o Thorn (1466)
allocatit Allenstein an the
Bishopric o Warmie
as pairt o
Ryal Proushie
unner the sovereignty o the Croun o Poland. Frae 1516?21,
Nicolaus Copernicus
livit at the castle as admeenistrator o Allenstein an
Mehlsack (Pieni??no)
; he wis in chairge o the
defenses o Allenstein
an
Warmie
durin the
Pols-Teutonic War o 1519?21
.
Allenstein wis sacked bi
Swadish
troops in 1655 an 1708 durin the
Pols-Swadish wars
, an the toun's population wis nearly wipit oot in 1710 bi epidemics o
bubonic plague
an
cholera
.
Allenstein wis annexed bi the
Kinrick o Proushie
in 1772 durin the
First Pairtition o Poland
. A Proushie census recordit a population o 1,770 fowk, predominantly fermers, in Allenstein, which wis admeenistered athin the
Province o East Proushie
. It wis visitit bi
Napoleon Bonaparte
in 1807 efter his victories ower the
Proushie Airmy
at
Jena an Auerstedt
. In 1825 the ceety wis inhabitit bi 1266 Poles an 1341 Germans
[1]
The German leid newspaper,
Allensteiner Zeitung
, wis first published in 1841. The toun hospital wis foondit in 1867.
Allenstein became parit o the
German Empire
in 1871 durin the Proushie-led
unification o Germany
. Twa years later the ceety wis connectit bi railwey tae
Thorn (Toru?)
. Its first
Pols leid
newspaper, the
Gazeta Olszty?ska
, wis foondit in 1886. Allenstein's infrastructur developit rapidly: gas wis instawed in 1890, telephones in 1892, public watter supply in 1898, an electricity in 1907. The ceety became the caipital o
Regierungsbezirk Allenstein
, a govrenment admeenistrative region in East Proushie, in 1905. Frae 1818?1910 the ceety wis admeenistered athin the East Proushie
Allenstein Destrict
, efter which it became an
independent ceety
.
Shortly efter the ootbreak o Warld War I, truips o the
Roushie Empire
captured Allenstein in 1914, but it wis recovered bi the
Imperial German Airmy
in the
Battle o Tannenberg
. The battle actually teuk place hintle closer tae Allenstein than Tannenberg (nou
St?bark
), but the victorious Germans, haein been defeatit in the
medieval battle o Tannenberg
, namit it as such for
propaganda
purposes). In 1920 durin the
East Proushie plebiscite
, Allenstein votit tae remain in German East Prussia insteid o becomin pairt o the
Seicont Pols Republic
. The fitbaa club
SV Hindenburg Allenstein
played in Allenstein frae 1921 tae 45. Efter the
Nazi
seizur o power
in 1933,
Poles
an Jews in Allenstein wur increasingly persecutit. In 1935 the
Wehrmacht
made the ceety the seat o the
Allenstein Militarische Bereich
. It wis the hame o the 11t Infanterie Diveesion, the 11t Airtillery Regiment, an the 217th Infanterie Diveesion.
In 1920 a
plebiscite
wis held tae determine whether the ceety's populace wished tae remain in
East Proushie
or become pairt o
Poland
. In order tae advertise the plebiscite, special postage stamps wur producit bi
owerprintin
German stamps an sauld frae 3 Aprile. Ane kynd o overprint read
PLEBISCITE / OLSZTYN / ALLENSTEIN
, while the ither read
TRAITE / DE / VERSAILLES / ART. 94 et 95
inside an oval whose border gave the full name o the plebiscite commission. Each owerprint wis appleed tae 14 denominations rangin frae 5
Pf
tae 3
M
.
The plebiscite wis held on 11 Julie, an producit 362,209 votes (97.8 %) for East Proushie an 7,980 votes (2.2 %) for Poland. The stamps became invalid on 20 August. Despite their short period o uise, amaist aw o the stamps are cheaply available baith uised an unuised.
On 12 October 1939, efter the
invasion o Poland
that began Warld War II, the Wehrmacht established an Aurie Heidquairters for
Wehrkreis
I that controlled the sub-auries o Allenstein,
Lotzen (Gi?ycko)
an
Zichenau (Ciechanow)
. Beginnin in 1939, members o the Pols-speakin minority, especially members o the
Union o Poles in Germany
, wur deportit tae
Nazi concentration camps
.
Allenstein wis plundered an burnt bi the invadin
Soviet
Red Airmy
on 22 Januar 1945, as the
Eastren Front
reached the ceety. Allenstein's German population
evacuatit the region
or wur
subsequently expelled
. On 2 August 1945, the ceety wis placit unner Pols admeenistration bi the Soviets (accordin tae the
Potsdam Greement
) an offeecially renamit tae Pols
Olsztyn
. In October 1945, the German population o Olsztyn wis expelled bi Order o the Ceety Commanders o Olsztyn an ordered tae assemble on 18 October at
Karl Roensch
Street barracks camp for transfer tae Germany an in the case o nan-compliance wur tae be put in a "punishment camp".
A
tyre
factory wis foondit in Olsztyn in 1967.
Locatit in the northeast pairt o Poland in the "Thoosans Lakes Aurie"
Mair nor hauf o the forests occupeein 21.2 % o the ceety aurie form a single complex o the Municipal Forest (1050 ha) uised mainly for recreation an tourism purposes. Athin the Municipal Forest aurie are situatit twa peat-laund flora sanctuars,
Mszar
an
Redykajny
. Municipal greenery (560 ha, 6.5 % o the toun aurie) developit in the form of numerous pairks, green spots an three cemeteries ower a century-auld. The greenery includes 910 monuments o natur an groups o protectit trees in the form o
beech
,
aik
,
maple
an
lime
-lined avenues.
The ceety is situatit in a loch region o forests an plains. There are 15 lochs inside the admeenistrative boonds o the ceety (13 wi auries greater than 1
ha
). The oweraw aurie o lochs in Olsztyn is aboot 725 ha, which constitutes 8.25 % o the total ceety aurie.
Year
|
Population
|
1772
|
1,770
|
1846
|
4,000
|
1875
|
6,000
|
1885
|
11,555
|
1890
|
19,373
|
1895
|
25,000
|
1939
|
50,000
|
1941
|
54,300
|
1946
|
23,000
|
1950
|
45,000
|
1972
|
over 100,000
|
1994
|
165,000
|
2000
|
170,000
|
2009 (30 Juin)
|
176,387
|
Olsztyn is dividit intae 23 destricts:
Destrict
|
Population
|
Aurie
|
Densitie
|
Brzeziny
|
1,456
|
2.25 km²
|
647.1/km²
|
Dajtki
|
5,863
|
7.5 km²
|
781.7/km²
|
Generałow
|
6,500
|
nae data
|
nae data
|
Grunwaldzkie
|
6,027
|
1.46 km²
|
4,128.1/km²
|
Gutkowo
|
2,256
|
7.2 km²
|
313.3/km²
|
Jaroty
|
29,046
|
4.82 km²
|
6,026.1/km²
|
K?trzy?skiego
|
7,621
|
4.83 km²
|
1,577.8/km²
|
Kormoran
|
16,166
|
1.1 km²
|
14,696.4/km²
|
Kortowo
|
1,131
|
4.22 km²
|
268/km²
|
Ko?ciuszki
|
6,704
|
1.18 km²
|
5,681.4/km²
|
Likusy
|
2,286
|
2.1 km²
|
1,088.6/km²
|
Mazurskie
|
4,615
|
5.98 km²
|
771.7/km²
|
Nad Jeziorem Długim
|
2,408
|
4.23 km²
|
569.3/km²
|
Nagorki
|
12,538
|
1.69 km²
|
7,418.9/km²
|
Pieczewo
|
10,918
|
2.24 km²
|
4,874.1/km²
|
Podgrodzie
|
11,080
|
1.35 km²
|
8,207.4/km²
|
Podle?na
|
10,414
|
9.93 km²
|
1,048.7/km²
|
Pojezierze
|
13,001
|
2.39 km²
|
5,439.7/km²
|
Redykajny
|
1,555
|
6.1 km²
|
254.9/km²
|
?rodmie?cie
|
3,448
|
0.58 km²
|
5,944.8/km²
|
Wojska Polskiego
|
6,759
|
5.03 km²
|
1,343.7/km²
|
Zatorze
|
6,988
|
0.45 km²
|
15,528.9/km²
|
Zielona Gorka
|
1,015
|
6.44 km²
|
157.6/km²
|
There are mony smawer destricts:
Jakubowo
,
Karolin
,
Kolonia Jaroty
,
Kortowo II
,
Łupstych
,
Nied?wied?
,
Pi?kna Gora
,
Podlesie
,
Pozorty
,
Skarbowka Poszmanowka
,
Słoneczny Stok
,
Stare Kie?liny
,
Stare Miasto
,
Stare Zalbki
,
Stary Dwor
,
Track
. These dae no hae cooncil representative assemblies.
Olsztyn's lairgest museum is the
Museum o Warmie an Mazury
. The ceety haes the
Gazeta Olszty?ska House
,
Museum o Natur
, an
Museum o Sports
.
Daith metal
act
Vader
, regardit as ane o the first daith metal baunds frae Poland.
The
Michelin
tyre company (umwhile
Stomil Olsztyn
) is the lairgest employer in the region o Warmie an Masurie.
[2]
Ither important
industries
are
fuid processin
an furnitur manufacturin.
Olsztyn- 4,000 (fowk) ? 4.8% rate
Members o the
Sejm
electit frae Olsztyn constituency in 2005
- Mieczysław Aszkiełowicz
,
Sel-Defense o the Republic o Poland (Samoobrona Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)
- Beata Bublewicz
,
Civic Platform (PO, Platforma Obywatelska)
- Jerzy Gosiewski
,
Law and Justice (PiS, Prawo i Sprawiedliwo??)
- Tadeusz Iwi?ski
,
Democratic Left Alliance (SLD, Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej)
- Edward O?ko
,
League o Pols Faimilies (LPR, Liga Polskich Rodzin)
- Adam Puza
,
Law an Justice (PiS, Prawo i Sprawiedliwo??)
- Sławomir Rybicki
,
Civic Platform (PO, Platforma Obywatelska)
- Lidia Staro?
,
Civic Platform (PO, Platforma Obywatelska)
- Aleksander Marek Szczygło
,
Law and Justice (PiS, Prawo i Sprawiedliwo??)
- Zbigniew Włodkowski
,
Polish Peasant Party (PSL, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe)
Members o
Senate
electit frae Olsztyn constituency in 2005
Twin towns ? Sister ceeties
[
eedit
|
eedit soorce
]
Olsztyn is
twinned
wi:
Olsztyn belangs tae the Federation o Copernicus Ceeties, an association o ceeties whare
Copernicus
livit an wirkit, such as
Bologna
,
Frombork
,
Krakow
, an
Toru?
. The main office o the federation is situatit at Olsztyn Planetarium an Astronomical Observatory, locatit on St. Andrew's Hill (143 m) in a umwhile
watter touer
erectit in 1897.
|
Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae
Olsztyn
.
|
Template:Principal ceeties o Poland
|
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Ceety coonties
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Land coonties
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Seat (no pairt o the coonty):
Olsztyn
|
Urban-landwart gminas
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Landwart gminas
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Coordinates
:
53°47′N
20°29′E
/
53.783°N 20.483°E
/
53.783; 20.483