Edinburgh
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Ceety o Edinburgh
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Banner
Coat airms
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Eik-name(s):
"Auld Reekie", "Athens o the North", "Edina", "Dunedin"
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Location within Scotland
Show map of Scotland
Location within the Unitit Kinrick
Show map of the Unitit Kinrick
Location within Europe
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Coordinates:
55°57′11″N
3°11′20″W
/
55.953°N 3.189°W
/
55.953; -3.189
Coordinates
:
55°57′11″N
3°11′20″W
/
55.953°N 3.189°W
/
55.953; -3.189
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Sovereign state
| Unitit Kinrick
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Country
| Scotland
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Council area
| Ceety o Edinburgh
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Lieutenancy area
| Edinburgh
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Admeen HQ
| Edinburgh Ceety Centre
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Founded
| prior tae the 7t century
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Burgh Charter
| 1125
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City status
| 1633
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Govrenment
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? Teep
| Unitary authority
, Ceety
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? Governin body
| The Ceety o Edinburgh Cooncil
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Lord Provost of Edinburgh
| Frank Ross
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MSPs
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?
MPs
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Area
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Capital city
and
council area
| 264 km
2
(102 sq mi)
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? Urban
| 119 km
2
(46 sq mi)
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Elevation
| 47 m (154 ft)
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Population
(mid-2016 est.)
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?
Capital city
and
council area
| 488,050 (ceety)
507,200 (Council area)
[1]
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? Density
| 1828/km
2
(4,730/sq mi)
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Urban
| 512,150
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?
Metro
| 901,455
[2]
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? Language(s)
| English
Scots
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Demonym(s)
| Edinburgher
[4]
[5]
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Time zone
| UTC±0
(
GMT
)
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? Summer (
DST
)
| UTC+1
(
BST
)
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Postcode areas
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Area code(s)
| 0131
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ISO 3166-2
| GB-EDH
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ONS code
| S12000036
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OS grid reference
| NT275735
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NUTS
3
| UKM25
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Primary Airport
| Edinburgh Airport
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GDP
| $
33 billion
[6]
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GDP per capita
| $
58,000
[6]
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Website
| www
.edinburgh
.gov
.uk
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Offeecial name
| Old and New Towns of Edinburgh
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Criteria
| Cultural: ii, iv
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Reference
| 728
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Inscription
| 1995 (19t
Session
)
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Offeecial name
| The Forth Bridge
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Criteria
| Cultural: i, iv
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Reference
| 1485
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Inscription
| 2015 (39t
Session
)
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Edinburgh
(
Ulster Scots
:
Eedinburra
,
Scots Gaelic
:
Dun Eideann
; whiles cried
Embra
,
Embro
or
Edinburrie
an aw) is the caipital city o
Scotland
, an is the kintra's seicont mucklest city efter
Glesga
, that is 45 mile (72 km) tae the wast.
[7]
It is the seivent mucklest city in the
Unitit Kinrick
.
[
citation needit
]
Edinburgh is ane o Scotland's 32
local govrenment cooncil areas
(see:
City o Edinburgh
) - this cooncil area includes urban Edinburgh an a 30 sq mile (78 sq km) landwaird area. In the census o 2011, thare wis 476,600 indwallers.
[8]
Locatit in the sooth-east o Scotland, Edinburgh is on the east coast o Scotland's Central Belt, alang the
Firth o Forth
, nearby the North Sea. It haes muckle gaitherin o stane Medieval an Georgian airchitectur.
It haes been the caipital city syne aboot 1437 (replacin
Pairth
),
[9]
an is the hame o the
Scots Pairlament
. The city wis ane o the heidmaist centres o the Enlichtenment, led bi the
Varsity o Edinburgh
, an sic thinkers as Dauvit Hume,
Adam Smith
,
James Hutton
an mony ithers, giein it the byname
The Athens o the North
.
[10]
The
Auld Toun
an
New Toun
o Edinburgh wis leetit as a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid in 1995.
[11]
The city haes mair nor 4500 listit biggins.
The oreigin o ceety's name in
Scots
is unnerstuid tae come frae the Brythonic
Din Eidyn
(Fort o Eidyn) frae the time whan it wis a Gododdin braefort.
[12]
In the first century the Romans recordit the Votadini as a Brythonic tribe or kinrick i the aurie, an aboot AD 600 the poem
Y Gododdin
, uisin the Brythonic mak o thon name, descreives werriours feastin "in Eidin's great haw."
It cam tae be kent bi the Bernician Angles as
Edin-burgh
. Sum fowk syne jaloused this wis taen frae the Anglo-Saxon for "Edwin's Fort", wi a reference tae the 7t century king Edwin o
Northumbrie
. Houane'er, syne the name appeiringly predates King Edwin, this isna gey likely ava. The
burgh
pairt means "fortress" or "wawed curn o biggins" - i.e. a toun or ceity, an is sib tae the
German
burg
an the
Laitin
parcus
.
Burgh
is jist an owersettin o the Brythonic
Din
;
Edin
is untranslatit.
The ceety haes the byname
Auld Reekie
acause whan the biggins wis heatit bi
coal
an
wid
ingles
,
lums
wad boak oot muckle colums o thick black
reek
intae the air.
[13]
[14]
[15]
Sum haes cried Edinburgh the
Athens o the North
an
Auld Greekie
efter its intellectual history, an for its topography, wi the Auld Toun o Edinburgh performin a seimilar role tae the Athenian Acropolis.
[10]
Edinburgh is an aa kent bi twa-thrie Laitin names;
Aneda
,
Edina
(that crops up in leeteratur, sic as that o
Burns
or
Fergusson
) or
Edinensis
(that can be seem on monie eddicational biggins).
Edinburgh haes an aa been kent as
Dunedin
, taen frae the
Gaelic
Dun Eideann
. Dunedin in New Zealand wis oreiginally cried "New Edinburgh" an is still gied the byname the "Edinburgh o the South".
[16]
Ben Jonson descreivit it as
Britain's ithir
ee
, an
Walter Scott
cried it
yon Empress o the North
.
Main airticle:
Auld Toun, Edinburgh
The Auld Toun haes preservit its medieval lay-oot an monie Reformation-era biggins. Ane end is closed bi the
Edinburgh Castle
an the main gate, the
Royal Mile
, leads awa frae it (wee closes an wynds gang aff the Royal Mile dounhill on aither side o the main spine in a "herrinbane" patren). Lairge squares merk whaur merkets wis aince locate an surroond public biggins sic as
Saunt Giles Cathedral
an the Law Courts. Ithir notable places nearhaun include the Royal Museum o Scotland, Surgeons' Haw an the McEwan Haw. The street lay-oot is teipical o the aulder pairts o monie northren European ceities, an whuar the castle sits on the tap o a rocky crag (the remains o a deid volcano) the Royal Mile rins doun the crest o a rig frae it.
Due tae space restrictions gied bi the narraness o the "tail" (aidit bi the biggin o the
Flodden Waw
efter 1513), the Auld Toun becam hame tae sum o the eirliest "heich rise" residential biggins.
[17]
Monie-flaired dwallins kent as
lands
wis ordinar frae the 1500s onwawrds wi ten an eleiven flairs bein teipical an ane e'en raxed tae fowerteen flairs. Eikit tae this, monie vaults ablo gate level wis bydit in bi the muckle influx o immigrants durin the Industrial Revolution. Thir still gie tift tae auld-threips o an unnergrun ceity.
Main airticle:
New Toun o Edinburgh
The New Toun wis an 18t century solution tae the fyke o the mair an mair croudit Auld Toun. The ceity haed remainit gey compack, confinit tae the rig rinnin doun frae the castle. In 1766, a competeetion tae design the New Toun wis won bi James Craig, a 22 year auld airchitect.
[18]
The plan that wis bigged creatit a rigid, reddit grid, that fittit weil wi enlichtenment norries o rationality. The heidmaist gate wis tae be
George Street
, that folloaes the naitural rig tae the north o the Auld Toun. Aither side o it is the ithir main gates o
Princes Street
an Queen Street. Princes Street haes synesen becam the heidmaist shoppin street in Edinburgh, an no monie Georgian biggins survive on it. Jynin thir gates thegithir is a series o perpendicular gates. At the eist an wast ends is St Andrew Sqaure an Charlotte Square respecteivly. The hinmaist wis designed bi Robert Adam an aften thocht o as ane o the brawest Georgian squares in the wurld. Bute Hous, the offeical dwallin o the
First Meenister o Scotland
, is on the north side o Charlotte Square.
[19]
Sittin in the glen atween the Auld an New Touns wis the Nor Loch, that wis maistly a place for horsin awa keich an ithir rubbish.
[20]
Bi the 1820s it wis drained. Sum plans shaw that a canal wis ettled, but
Princes Street Gairdens
wis creatit insteid (1830-1876).
[20]
Left ower eirth frae the makkin o the biggins wis horsed in the loch, makkin whit's nou
The Mound
.
[21]
In the mid 19t century the Naitional Gallery o Scotland an the Royal Scottish Academy Building wis bigged on The Mound, an weems tae Waverley Station driven throu it.
[22]
The New Toun wis sae successfou that it wis extendit greaty. The grid patren wisna haudit tae, but raither a mair picturesque lay-oot wis creatit. The day the New Toun is thocht o bi monie tae be ane the best ensamples o Georgian airchitecture an plannin in the wurld.
A popular residential pairt o the ceity is its sooth side, made up o a nummer o airts includin St Leonards, Marchmont, Haymerket, Polwarth, Newington, Sciennes, The Grange, Bruntsfield, Morningside an Merchiston. "Sooth side" is braidly the samen as the aurie kivvered bi the Burgh Muir, an becam mair popular efter the apenin o the Sooth Brig. Thir auries is specially popular wi faimilies (monie weil-regairdit state an private schuills is locate thare), students (the Central
Varsity o Edinburgh
campus is based aroun George Square jist north o Marchmont an the Meadows, an Napier Varsity haes muckle campuses aroun Merchiston an Morningside), an wi festival-gaers.
Leith is the sea-port o Edinburgh. It still hauds a seperate identity frae Edinburgh, an it wisna weil thocht o thare whan, in 1920, the burgh o Leith wis jyned wi Edinburgh. E'en the day the pairlamentary seat at Westminster is kent as "Edinburgh North
an
Leith." Wi the redevelopin o Leith, Edinburgh haes won the business o a nummer o cruise liner companies that nou gie cruises tae
Norrowey
,
Swaden
,
Denmark
,
Germany
an the
Netherlands
. Leith an aa haes the Royal Yacht
Britannia
, berthit ahint the Ocean Terminal as weil as bein hame tae
Hibernian
Fitbaw Club.
Edinburgh is weil-kent for the annual Edinburgh Festival, a gaitherin o offeicial an unthirled festivals haulden ilka year ower aboot fower week in early August.
[23]
The maist kenspeckle o thir events is the Edinburgh Frings (the lairgest performin airts festival in the wurld), the Edinburgh Comedy Festival (the lairgest comedy festival in the wurld), the Edinburgh Military Tattoo, the Edinburgh Internaitional Film Festival an the Edinburgh Internaitional Beuk Festival.
Ithir notable events include the
Hogmanay
street pairty an
Burns Nicht
an
St. Andra's Day
an aa hae events merkin thaim. The ceety is ane Europe's heidmaist tourist destinations, breingin in 13 million veisitor ilka year, an efter
Lunnon
is the seicond maist veisatit tourist destination in the Unitit Kinrick.
[24]
Edinburgh Airport
(
Scots Gaelic
:
Port-adhair Dhun Eideann
) (
IATA
:
EDI
,
ICAO
:
EGPH
) is locatit in the
Ingliston
airt.
Twin touns an sister ceeties
[
eedit
|
eedit soorce
]
- ↑
"Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, Mid-2016"
.
Office for National Statistics
. 22 Juin 2017
. Retrieved
27 Juin
2017
.
- ↑
"
"
Metropolitan Area Populations
"
"
. 22 Februar 2020.
Archived
frae the original on 1 Mairch 2020
. Retrieved
1 Mairch
2020
.
- ↑
"Edinburgh, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Queensferry Road, Edinburgh)"
. The Weather Underground, Inc.
Archived
frae the original on 8 October 2013
. Retrieved
29 September
2013
.
- ↑
"Girl About Globe ? A Scottish Gamble for Macau?"
. 9 Mey 2018.
Archived
frae the original on 18 December 2018
. Retrieved
18 Januar
2019
.
- ↑
Simpson, Andy (2013).
Why Would Anyone Want to Swing a Cat? and 499 other questions
. Constable & Robinson Ltd. p. 163.
ISBN
9781849019477
.
Archived
frae the original on 18 December 2018
. Retrieved
17 December
2018
.
- ↑
a
b
"Global city GDP 2014"
. Brookings Institution. Archived frae
the original
on 5 Juin 2013
. Retrieved
18 November
2014
.
- ↑
"Edinburgh | Geography, History, & Points of Interest | Britannica"
.
www.britannica.com
(in Inglis)
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"2011 Census Edinburgh: Population, age structure and household overview, initial findings from first release of Census data at local authority level"
. Mairch 2013
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Pride restored to 'ancient capital' Perth"
.
BBC News
(in Inglis). 15 Mairch 2012
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
a
b
"Athens Of The North"
.
Edinburgh World Heritage
. 24 November 2017
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"World Heritage City"
.
Edinburgh World Heritage
. 6 November 2017
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Din Eidyn"
.
Oxford Reference
(in Inglis).
doi
:
10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095719185
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND :: auld"
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND :: reek n1 v"
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
Ramsay, Allan
.
The poems of Allan Ramsay
.
1
. p. 50.
- ↑
"Dunedin City: Edinburgh of the south"
.
www.aa.co.nz
(in Inglis)
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Edinburgh-Royal Mile Old Town and New Town"
.
www.royal-mile.com
. Archived frae
the original
on 4 December 2021
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
Team, National Records of Scotland Web (31 Mey 2013).
"National Records of Scotland"
.
National Records of Scotland
(in English)
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
CS1 maint: unrecognised leid (
link
)
- ↑
"About Bute House"
.
www.gov.scot
(in Inglis)
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
a
b
"Lost Edinburgh: The Nor' Loch"
.
www.scotsman.com
(in Inglis)
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Edinburgh's Nor Loch (Witches, Skeleton's & Why it was Drained) ? DiggingUp1800"
.
diggingup1800.com
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Our history"
.
www.nationalgalleries.org
(in Inglis)
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Edinburgh Festivals & Fringe"
.
www.visitscotland.com
(in Inglis)
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
- ↑
"Leading UK city destinations 2019"
.
Statista
(in Inglis)
. Retrieved
12 Mey
2022
.
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