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Febra Zika
este o boal? infec?ioas? viral? acut?, provocat? de
virusul Zika
transmis? omului prin in?ep?tura unui ?an?ar din genul
Aedes
infectat cu acest virus. Virusul Zika este un virus ARN monocatenar cu sens pozitiv din genul
Flavivirus
(familia
Flaviviridae
) identificat prima dat? in 1947 la maimu?a macac in p?durea tropical? Zika din Uganda (de unde ?i numele lui) ?i izolat la om in 1952 in Nigeria. Ulterior, cazuri izolate a fost raportate in Africa ?i Asia. Prima epidemie de febr? Zika a avut loc in regiunea pacific? in 2007 (insula Yap), ulterior in 2013 (Polinezia Francez?), apoi in 2015 in Africa (Capul Verde) ?i America de Sud (Brazilia ?i Columbia). De aici, virusul Zika s-a r?spandit rapid in mai multe ??ri din America de Sud ?i America Central?. Organiza?ia Mondial? a S?n?t??ii (OMS) a anun?at pe 28 ianuarie 2016 c? 3-4 milioane de persoane ar putea fi infectate in acest an cu virusul Zika in America.
Perioada de incuba?ie este de 3-12 zile. Majoritatea pacien?ilor sunt asimptomatici (60-80%), iar cazurile manifeste clinic sunt imboln?viri u?oare care dispar in 2-7 zile, f?r? decese. Principalele simptome sunt erup?ia cutanat? (un exantem macular sau papular care apare ini?ial pe fa?? ?i apoi se extinde pe tot corpul), febra moderat?, artralgiile, mialgiile, cefaleea, conjunctivita nepurulent? cu hiperemie conjunctival?. Este posibil? transmiterea virusului de la om la om pe cale sexual? sau prin sange ?i produse de sange. Virusul probabil se poate transmite ?i transplacentar de la mam? la f?t sau in timpul travaliului unei mame aflate in faz? viremic?. Au fost descrise dou? tipuri de complica?ii severe probabil legate de infec?ia cu virusul Zika: complica?ii neurologice, inclusiv sindromul Guillain-Barre, ?i malforma?ii congenitale: microcefalie (dimensiune mic? a craniului ?i a creierului) la f?t ?i nou-n?scu?i. Datorit? cre?terii alarmante a num?rului de cazuri de nou-n?scu?i cu microcefalie in nordul Braziliei Organiza?ia Mondial? a S?n?t??ii a declarat febra Zika o urgen?? interna?ional? de s?n?tate public?.
Diagnosticul biologic al infec?iei cu virusul Zika se bazeaz? pe tehnici de biologie moleculara (RT-PCR) pe prelev?ri in faza acut? a bolii. Pan? in prezent, nu exist? nici un tratament antiviral specific sau vaccin disponibil impotriva infec?iei cu virusul Zika. Cea mai bun? form? de preven?ie este evitarea in?ep?turilor de ?an?ar.
- Informa?ii pentru c?l?tori in zone cunoscute pentru transmiterea local? a virusului Zika. Centrul Na?ional de Supraveghere ?i Control al Bolilor Transmisibile. Institutul Na?ional de S?n?tate Public?
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- Alexandra Nistoroiu. Vicii, pofte ?i nevoi. Via?a Medical?. Numarul 1 (1355). 1 ianuarie 2016
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- Alexandra Nistoroiu. Zika: un extemporal care a venit prea repede. Via?a Medical?, num?rul 6 (1360), 5 februarie 2016
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- Zika virus. WHO. January 2016
- Zika virus. Fact sheet. WHO. Updated January 2016
- Zika Virus. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Zika virus infection (factsheet for health professionals). Stockholm: ECDC; 2015
- Zika. Institut Pasteur
- Prise en charge medicale des personnes atteintes par le virus Zika. Haut Conseil de la sante publi. Juillet 2015
- Prise en charge medicale des personnes atteintes par le virus Zika. Haut Conseil de la sante publique. 20 janvier 2016
- Infection a virus Zika. Institut national de prevention et d'education pour la sante. 28 decembre 2015
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- Anthony S. Fauci and David M. Morens. Zika Virus in the Americas ? Yet Another Arbovirus Threat. The New England Journal of Medicine. 13 ianuarie 2016
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus infection outbreak, French Polynesia. 14 February 2014. Stockholm: ECDC; 2014.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus epidemic in the Americas: potential association with microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome ? 10 December 2015. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment: Microcephaly in Brazil potentially linked to the Zika virus epidemic ? 24 November 2015. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus infection outbreak, Brazil and the Pacific region ? 25 May 2015. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015.
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- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Zika virus epidemic in the Americas: potential association with microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome (first update) 21 January 2016. Stockholm: ECDC; 2016.
- Besnard M, Lastere S, Teissier A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Musso D. Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014 . Euro Surveill. 2014; 19(13):pii=20751.
- Musso D, Nhan T, Robin E, Roche C, Bierlaire D, Zisou K, Shan Yan A, Cao-Lormeau VM, Broult J. Potential for Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013 to February 2014 . Euro Surveill. 2014;19(14):pii=20761.
- Mallet HP et al. Bilan de l’epidemie a virus Zika en Polynesie francaise, 2013-2014. Bises (Bulletin d’Information sanitaires, epidemiologiques et statistiques) 2015 ; n°13 : 1-5
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