Economia Israelului

Statistici
Economia Israelului
Diamond Exchange District din Ramat Gan
Moned?	Shekel (NIS; ? )
An fiscal	An calendaristic
Organiza?ii comerciale	AIIB , BIS , CLS , EBRD , IADB , ICC , ISO , ITUC , OECD , UN , WCO , WFTU , WTO .
PIB	$286,840 miliarde (PPP 2014) ^[1] $305,707 miliarde (nominal 2014) ^[1]
Clasament PIB	49th ( PPP ) / 39th ( nominal )
Cre?terea PIB	3.3% (2013 est.; 107th )
PIB pe cap de locuitor	$35,833 (PPP; 2014 est.) $38,004 (nominal; 2014 est.) ^[1]
PIB pe sector	agricultur? : 2,5%, industrie : 31,2%, servicii : 64,7% (2011 est.)
Infla?ie	3.2% (2011 est.; 59th )
Popula?ie sub limita s?r?ciei	22.5% (2012) ^[4]
Coeficientul lui Gini	39.2 (2008; 69th )
For?? de munc?	3.595 million (December 2014 est.; ^[2])
For?a de munc? dup? ocupa?ie	agricultur?: 2%, industrie: 16%, servicii: 82% (septembrie 2008)
?omaj	4,9% (aprilie 2015; est. 56th ) ^[3]
Principalele industrii	producte high-tech (inclusiv de avia?ie , comunica?ii , hardware ?i software, electronice medicale, fibr? optic? ), farmaceutic?, potasiu ?i fosfa?i , produse metalice , produse chimice, plastic , rafinare de petrol , textile ^[5]
Comer? exterior
Export	$62,5 miliarde FOB (2011 est.; 54th )
Bunuri exportate	produse high tech, echipament de telecomunica?ii, echipament militar, produse farmaceutice, ma?in?rii mecanice, produse agricole ?i alimentare, chimicate, textile ?i aparate ^[6]
Parteneri de export	Statele Unite 27,8% Hong Kong 7,7% Regatul Unit 5.7% Belgia 4,6% China 4,3% (2012 est.) ^[7]
Import	$70,62 miliarde FOB (2011 est.; 47th )
Bunuri importate	materie prim? , echipament militar, componente pentru avioane ?i vehicole, electronic? de consum, ma?in?rii ?i piese pentru ele, diamante brute, petrol, combustibili , grane , bunuri de consum ^[6]
Parteneri de import	Statele Unite 12,9% China 7,3% Germania 6,3% Elve?ia 5,5% Belgia 4,8% (2012 est.) ^[8]
Investi?ii str?ine directe	$82,82 miliarde (2011 est.; 43rd )
Datorie extern? brut?	$112 miliarde (31 December 2011 est.; 40th )
Finan?e publice
Datorie public?	69.6% of GDP (2013 est.; 28th )
Venituri publice	$68.29 miliarde (2011 est.)
Cheltuieli publice	$75.65 miliarde (2011 est.)
Rating de creditare	* Standard & Poor's : ^[9] AA? (Domestic) A+ (Foreign) AA (T&C Assessment) Outlook: Stable ^[10]^[11] Moody's : ^[10] A1 Outlook: Stable Fitch : ^[10] A Outlook: Stable
Rezerve	$78.93 billion (31 December 2011 est.; 26th )
Sursa: The CIA World FactBook F?r? o men?iune contrarie, toate valorile sunt exprimate in dolari americani
Modific? text

Israelul are o economie modern?, diversificat? ?i continuu ascendent?, cu un sector high-tech crescand rapid in pondere ?i importan??. Guvernul ??rii de?ine o parte semnificativ? a propriet??ii din economia ??rii. Fiind o ?ar? s?rac? in resurse naturale, Israel depinde aproape total de importurile materiilor prime, a?a cum ar fi ?i?ei , c?rbune , diamante brute ?i alimente. ?ara prime?te, de asemenea, un substan?ial ajutor economic direct din partea Statelor Unite ale Americii , incluzand aproximativ 1,2 miliarde dolari americani anual, de la inceputul anilor 1970 , chiar dac? valoarea efectiv? direct? a sc?zut lent de-a lungul anilor, ajungand s? fie circa 240 de milioane in 2006 . Produsul intern brut al Israelului in 2006 a atins cifra record de 155 de miliarde de dolari americani, fiind de aproximativ 25.000 de dolari per locuitor, comparabil cu cele ale Spaniei ?i Greciei . Sectoarele majore ale economiei sunt cele de produse ob?inute prin prelucrarea metalelor, hran? procesat?, chimie ?i echipament de transport. Serviciile sunt foarte bine reprezentate in ponderea economic? total?. Industria de prelucrare a diamantelor este unul din sectoarele cele mai puternice ale economiei, Israelul fiind unul din centrele mondiale de prim? importan?? in t?ierea ?i ?lefuirea acestora , dar ?i a altor pietre pre?ioase. In ultimele dou? decenii, ?ara a devenit un lider in producerea de software ?i al destina?iilor turistice. In 1998 , Tel Aviv a fost numit de s?pt?manalul Newsweek unul dintre cele mai influente ora?e tehnologice ale lumii. ^[12]

Dac? in primele decenii dup? declararea independen?ei de stat, in 1948, Israelul era una dintre societ??ile cele mai egalitare ale Occidentului, la inceputul mileniului al III-lea acesta este ?ara cu polarizarea veniturilor cea mai mare printre ??rile Vestului, cu excep?ia Statelor Unite (ale Americi): in ultimii 63 de ani inegalitatea s-a dublat, astfel incat in 2012 mai mult de unul din trei copii israelieni tr?ia in s?r?cie, in timp ce o familie din cinci tr?ieste in s?r?cie. ^[13]

Industrie [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Industrie constructoare de masini,industria de prelucrare a diamantelor.

Agricultur? [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Vegetatia : In general saracacioasa , padurile contin pinul de aep si arbustii mediteraneeni ( Makis ji Gariga ) .

Fauna : In general saracacioasa , cotine specii cum sunt hiena , sacalaul , soparlele , serpi si pasari .

Servicii [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

Note [ modificare | modificare surs? ]

^ ^a ^b ^c ?Report for Selected Countries and Subjects” . International Monetary Fund . aprilie 2014 . Accesat in 4 decembrie 2014 .
^ ?copie arhiv?” . Arhivat din original la 12 februarie 2015 . Accesat in 12 octombrie 2015 .
^ ?Israel Central Bureau of Statistics” . Central Bureau of Statistics . Arhivat din original la 27 mai 2015 . Accesat in 27 mai 2015 .
^ ?Israel: a divided society” . Israel: High voter turnout results in setback for Netanyahu . 23 ianuarie 2013 . Accesat in 23 ianuarie 2013 .
^ ?Israel: Trade Statistics” . Global Edge . Accesat in 18 martie 2013 .
^ ^a ^b ?Israel: Trade Statistics” . Global Edge . Accesat in 18 martie 2013 .
^ ?Exports Partners of Israel” . CIA World Factbook .
^ ??mports Partners of Israel” . CIA World Factbook .
^ ?Sovereigns rating list” . Standard & Poor's . Accesat in 26 mai 2011 .
^ ^a ^b ^c Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami ( 15 aprilie 2011 ). ?How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating” . The Guardian . UK . Accesat in 31 mai 2011 .
^ Filut, Adrian ( 17 octombrie 2012 ). ?S&P reiterates Israel's A+ rating despite failure to agree budget” . IL: Globes . Accesat in 21 octombrie 2012 .
^ ?Tel Aviv Hailed as One of the World's Top Hi-tech Centers” . Arhivat din original la 28 mai 2008 . Accesat in 12 martie 2007 .
^ "Knowing Too Much ? Why The American Jewish Romance With Israel Is Coming To An End". Norman G. Finkelstein. OR Books, 2012. - It has moved from being among the most egalitarian countries in the Western world in terms of income distribution to the least egalitarian in the West except for the U.S., and its gaps in income distribution are now among the widest in the world. Note: Inequality in Israeli society has doubled since the 1950s, while fully one-fifth of Israeli families and more than one-third of Israeli children live in poverty. Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI), The State of Human Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories: 2008 report, p. 53; Asher Arian et al., The 2003 Israeli Democracy Index: Measuring Israeli democracy (Jerusalem: 2003), pp. 7-8; Asher Arian et al., Auditing Israeli Democracy?2006: Changes in Israel’s political party system (Jerusalem: 2006), p. 34; Asher Arian et al., Auditing Israeli Democracy?2007: Cohesion in a divided society (Jerusalem: 2007), pp. 70-71.

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[imf-1] ?Report for Selected Countries and Subjects” . International Monetary Fund . aprilie 2014 . Accesat in 4 decembrie 2014 .

[2] ?copie arhiv?” . Arhivat din original la 12 februarie 2015 . Accesat in 12 octombrie 2015 .

[3] ?Israel Central Bureau of Statistics” . Central Bureau of Statistics . Arhivat din original la 27 mai 2015 . Accesat in 27 mai 2015 .

[4] ?Israel: a divided society” . Israel: High voter turnout results in setback for Netanyahu . 23 ianuarie 2013 . Accesat in 23 ianuarie 2013 .

[5] ?Israel: Trade Statistics” . Global Edge . Accesat in 18 martie 2013 .

[Israel:_Trade_Statistics-6] ?Israel: Trade Statistics” . Global Edge . Accesat in 18 martie 2013 .

[7] ?Exports Partners of Israel” . CIA World Factbook .

[8] ??mports Partners of Israel” . CIA World Factbook .

[SnP-9] ?Sovereigns rating list” . Standard & Poor's . Accesat in 26 mai 2011 .

[guardian-10] Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami ( 15 aprilie 2011 ). ?How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating” . The Guardian . UK . Accesat in 31 mai 2011 .

[S_P_new-11] Filut, Adrian ( 17 octombrie 2012 ). ?S&P reiterates Israel's A+ rating despite failure to agree budget” . IL: Globes . Accesat in 21 octombrie 2012 .

[12] ?Tel Aviv Hailed as One of the World's Top Hi-tech Centers” . Arhivat din original la 28 mai 2008 . Accesat in 12 martie 2007 .

[13] "Knowing Too Much ? Why The American Jewish Romance With Israel Is Coming To An End". Norman G. Finkelstein. OR Books, 2012. - It has moved from being among the most egalitarian countries in the Western world in terms of income distribution to the least egalitarian in the West except for the U.S., and its gaps in income distribution are now among the widest in the world. Note: Inequality in Israeli society has doubled since the 1950s, while fully one-fifth of Israeli families and more than one-third of Israeli children live in poverty. Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI), The State of Human Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories: 2008 report, p. 53; Asher Arian et al., The 2003 Israeli Democracy Index: Measuring Israeli democracy (Jerusalem: 2003), pp. 7-8; Asher Arian et al., Auditing Israeli Democracy?2006: Changes in Israel’s political party system (Jerusalem: 2006), p. 34; Asher Arian et al., Auditing Israeli Democracy?2007: Cohesion in a divided society (Jerusalem: 2007), pp. 70-71.

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