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????? ????????? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??:  ? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?. ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ?? ????-?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ≪?? ??? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???≫ ??≪?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???≫? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??. ≪? ????? ?????≫ ??????? ?? ???? ? ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?( CIA) ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???. ? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????-???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????(( ?? ?????? ?? ? ????? ?????)) ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?????-???? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????-??? ?? ? CIA ??? ??? (? ???? ? ????? ? ????????? ?? ???) ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ???????? ? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ≪? ????? ?????≫ ?? ?? ??? ??? ≪? ????? ????? ????≫ ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??: ≪? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ????: ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???≫. [??] [??] [??] [??] [??]

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  1. ↑ Goertzel, T (December 1994). "Belief in conspiracy theories". Political Psychology . 15 (4): 731?742. doi : 10.2307/3791630 . JSTOR   3791630 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? ) "explanations for important events that involve secret plots by powerful and malevolent groups"
  2. ↑ "conspiracy theory" , ? ??????? ??????? ????? (??? 3rd), ? ??????? ??????? ??? , September 2005 ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? ); ?? ????? ?? |mode=CS1 ?????? ( ?????? )   (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) "the theory that an event or phenomenon occurs as a result of a conspiracy between interested parties; spec . a belief that some covert but influential agency (typically political in motivation and oppressive in intent) is responsible for an unexplained event"
  3. ↑ Brotherton, Robert; French, Christopher C.; Pickering, Alan D. (2013). "Measuring Belief in Conspiracy Theories: The Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale" . Frontiers in Psychology . 4 : 279. doi : 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00279 . ISSN   1664-1078 . PMC   3659314 . PMID   23734136 . S2CID   16685781 . A conspiracist belief can be described as 'the unnecessary assumption of conspiracy when other explanations are more probable'. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  4. ↑ Additional sources:
    • Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
    • Brotherton, Robert; French, Christopher C. (2014). "Belief in Conspiracy Theories and Susceptibility to the Conjunction Fallacy". Applied Cognitive Psychology . 28 (2): 238?248. doi : 10.1002/acp.2995 . ISSN   0888-4080 . A conspiracy theory can be defined as an unverified and relatively implausible allegation of conspiracy, claiming that significant events are the result of a secret plot carried out by a preternaturally sinister and powerful group of people. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
    • Jonason, Peter Karl; March, Evita; Springer, Jordan (2019). "Belief in conspiracy theories: The predictive role of schizotypy, Machiavellianism, and primary psychopathy" . PLOS ONE . 14 (12): e0225964. Bibcode : 2019PLoSO..1425964M . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0225964 . ISSN   1932-6203 . PMC   6890261 . PMID   31794581 . Conspiracy theories are a subset of false beliefs, and generally implicate a malevolent force (e.g., a government body or secret society) involved in orchestrating major events or providing misinformation regarding the details of events to an unwitting public, in part of a plot towards achieving a sinister goal. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
    • Thresher-Andrews, Christopher (2013). "An introduction into the world of conspiracy" (PDF) . PsyPAG Quarterly . 88 : 5?8. Conspiracy theories are unsubstantiated, less plausible alternatives to the mainstream explanation of the event; they assume everything is intended, with malignity. Crucially, they are also epistemically self-insulating in their construction and arguments. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  5. ↑ Byford, Jovan (2011). Conspiracy theories : a critical introduction . Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan . OCLC   802867724 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9780230349216 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  6. ↑ Andrade, Gabriel (April 2020). "Medical conspiracy theories: Cognitive science and implications for ethics" (PDF) . Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy . Springer on behalf of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Healthcare . 23 (3): 505?518. doi : 10.1007/s11019-020-09951-6 . ISSN   1572-8633 . PMC   7161434 . PMID   32301040 . S2CID   215787658 . ?????? (PDF) ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? . ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  7. ↑ Barkun, Michael (October 2016). Campion-Vincent, Veronique; Renard, Jean-Bruno (????????). "Conspiracy Theories as Stigmatized Knowledge". Diogenes . SAGE Publications on behalf of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies . 62 (3?4: Conspiracy Theories Today ): 114?120. doi : 10.1177/0392192116669288 . ISSN   0392-1921 . LCCN   55003452 . S2CID   152217672 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  8. ↑ Brotherton, Robert (2013). "Towards a definition of 'conspiracy theory ' " (PDF) . PsyPAG Quarterly . 88 : 9?14. A conspiracy theory is not merely one candidate explanation among other equally plausible alternatives. Rather, the label refers to a claim which runs counter to a more plausible and widely accepted account...[Conspiratorial beliefs are] invariably at odds with the mainstream consensus among scientists, historians, or other legitimate judges of the claim's veracity. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  9. ↑ Byford, Jovan (2011). Conspiracy theories : a critical introduction . Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan . OCLC   802867724 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9780230349216 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  10. ↑ Keeley, Brian L. (March 1999). "Of Conspiracy Theories". The Journal of Philosophy . 96 (3): 109?126. doi : 10.2307/2564659 . JSTOR   2564659 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  11. ↑ Barkun, Michael (2003). A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America . Berkeley: University of California Press. ????? 3?4. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  12. ↑ Barkun, Michael (2011). Chasing Phantoms: Reality, Imagination, and Homeland Security Since 9/11 . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ????? 10. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  13. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  14. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  15. ↑ Douglas, Karen M.; Sutton, Robbie M. (12 April 2011). "Does it take one to know one? Endorsement of conspiracy theories is influenced by personal willingness to conspire" (PDF) . British Journal of Social Psychology . 10 (3): 544?552. doi : 10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02018.x . PMID   21486312 . ?????? (PDF) ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? . ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  16. ↑ Andrade, Gabriel (April 2020). "Medical conspiracy theories: Cognitive science and implications for ethics" (PDF) . Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy . Springer on behalf of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Healthcare . 23 (3): 505?518. doi : 10.1007/s11019-020-09951-6 . ISSN   1572-8633 . PMC   7161434 . PMID   32301040 . S2CID   215787658 . ?????? (PDF) ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? . ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  17. ↑ Douglas, Karen M.; Uscinski, Joseph E.; Sutton, Robbie M.; Cichocka, Aleksandra; Nefes, Turkay; Ang, Chee Siang; Deravi, Farzin (2019). "Understanding Conspiracy Theories". Political Psychology . 40 (S1): 3?35. doi : 10.1111/pops.12568 . ISSN   0162-895X . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  18. ↑ Goertzel, Ted (2010). "Conspiracy theories in science" . EMBO Reports . 11 (7): 493?499. doi : 10.1038/embor.2010.84 . ISSN   1469-221X . PMC   2897118 . PMID   20539311 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  19. ↑ Frankfurter, David (February 2021). Copp, Paul; Wedemeyer, Christian K. (????????). "Religion in the Mirror of the Other: The Discursive Value of Cult-Atrocity Stories in Mediterranean Antiquity". History of Religions . University of Chicago Press for the University of Chicago Divinity School . 60 (3): 188?208. doi : 10.1086/711943 . ISSN   0018-2710 . JSTOR   00182710 . LCCN   64001081 . OCLC   299661763 . S2CID   233429880 Check |s2cid= value ( ?????? ) . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  20. ↑ Nefes, Turkay (2018). "Framing of a Conspiracy Theory: The Efendi Series". In Asprem, Egil; Dyrendal, Asbjørn; Robertson, David G. (????????). Handbook of Conspiracy Theory and Contemporary Religion . 17 . Leiden : Brill Publishers . ????? 407?422. doi : 10.1163/9789004382022_020 . ISSN   1874-6691 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-90-04-38150-6 . Conspiracy theories often function as popular conduits of ethno-religious hatred and conflict. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  21. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  22. ↑ Thresher-Andrews, Christopher (2013). "An introduction into the world of conspiracy" (PDF) . PsyPAG Quarterly . 88 : 5?8. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  23. ↑ Simelela, Nono; Venter, W. D. Francois; Pillay, Yogan; Barron, Peter (2015). "A Political and Social History of HIV in South Africa". Current HIV/AIDS Reports . 12 (2): 256?261. doi : 10.1007/s11904-015-0259-7 . ISSN   1548-3568 . PMID   25929959 . S2CID   23483038 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  24. ↑ Burton, Rosie; Giddy, Janet; Stinson, Kathryn (2015). "Prevention of mother-to-child transmission in South Africa: an ever-changing landscape" . Obstetric Medicine . 8 (1): 5?12. doi : 10.1177/1753495X15570994 . ISSN   1753-495X . PMC   4934997 . PMID   27512452 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  25. ↑ Tollefson, Jeff (4 February 2021). "Tracking QAnon: how Trump turned conspiracy-theory research upside down" (PDF) . Nature . ???. 590. Nature Research . ????? 192?193. doi : 10.1038/d41586-021-00257-y . ISSN   1476-4687 . LCCN   12037118 . PMID   33542489 ???? ?? ??? ???? |pmid= ( ?????? ) . S2CID   231818589 Check |s2cid= value ( ?????? ) . ?????? (PDF) ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? . ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  26. ↑ Crossley, James (September 2021). "The Apocalypse and Political Discourse in an Age of COVID" (PDF) . Journal for the Study of the New Testament . SAGE Publications . 44 (1): 93?111. doi : 10.1177/0142064X211025464 . ISSN   1745-5294 . S2CID   237329082 Check |s2cid= value ( ?????? ) . ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? . ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  27. ↑ "QAnon Capitol Siege Trump" . ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  28. ↑ Dominique Brossard; James Shanahan; T. Clint Nesbitt (2007). The Media, the Public and Agricultural Biotechnology . CABI. ????? 343, 353. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-1-84593-204-6 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  29. ↑ Goertzel, Ted (2010). "Conspiracy theories in science" . EMBO Reports . 11 (7): 493?499. doi : 10.1038/embor.2010.84 . ISSN   1469-221X . PMC   2897118 . PMID   20539311 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  30. ↑ Thresher-Andrews, Christopher (2013). "An introduction into the world of conspiracy" (PDF) . PsyPAG Quarterly . 88 : 5?8. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  31. ↑ Glick, Michael; Booth, H. Austin (2014). "Conspiracy ideation". The Journal of the American Dental Association . 145 (8): 798?799. doi : 10.1016/S0002-8177(14)60181-1 . ISSN   0002-8177 . PMID   25082925 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  32. ↑ Prematunge, Chatura; Corace, Kimberly; McCarthy, Anne; Nair, Rama C.; Pugsley, Renee; Garber, Gary (2012). "Factors influencing pandemic influenza vaccination of healthcare workers?A systematic review". Vaccine . 30 (32): 4733?4743. doi : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.018 . ISSN   0264-410X . PMID   22643216 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  33. ↑ Lua error in Module:Lang at line 48: attempt to index field 'lang_name' (a nil value).
  34. ↑ Robert Brotherton (19 November 2015). "Chapter 2". Suspicious Minds: Why We Believe Conspiracy Theories . Bloomsbury Publishing. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-1-4729-1564-1 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  35. ↑ Barkun 2003 ? ?. 58.
  36. ↑ Camp, Gregory S. (1997). Selling Fear: Conspiracy Theories and End-Times Paranoia . Commish Walsh. ASIN   B000J0N8NC . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  37. ↑ Goldberg, Robert Alan (2001). Enemies Within: The Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America . Yale University Press. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-0-300-09000-0 . ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? . ??????????? ?? ???? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  38. ↑ Fenster, Mark (2008). Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture . University of Minnesota Press; 2nd edition. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-0-8166-5494-9 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  39. ↑ van Prooijen, Jan-Willem; Douglas, Karen M. (2018). "Belief in conspiracy theories: Basic principles of an emerging research domain" . European Journal of Social Psychology . 48 (7): 897?908. doi : 10.1002/ejsp.2530 . ISSN   0046-2772 . PMC   6282974 . PMID   30555188 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  40. ↑ Sunstein, Cass R.; Vermeule, Adrian (2009). "Conspiracy Theories: Causes and Cures". Journal of Political Philosophy . 17 (2): 202?227. doi : 10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00325.x . ISSN   0963-8016 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  41. ↑ Robert Brotherton (19 November 2015). "Introduction". Suspicious Minds: Why We Believe Conspiracy Theories . Bloomsbury Publishing. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-1-4729-1564-1 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  42. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0), Oxford University Press, 2009, s.v. 4
  43. ↑ Johnson, Allen (July 1909). "Reviewed Work: The Repeal of the Missouri Compromise: Its Origin and Authorship by P. Orman Ray" . The American Historical Review . 14 (4): 835?836. doi : 10.2307/1837085 . hdl : 2027/loc.ark:/13960/t27948c87 . JSTOR   1837085 . The claim that [David R.] Atchison was the originator of the [Missouri Compromise] repeal may be termed a recrudescence of the conspiracy theory first asserted by Colonel John A. Parker of Virginia in 1880. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  44. ↑ Robertson, Lockhart; Association of Medical Officers of Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane (London, England); Medico-psychological Association of Great Britain and Ireland; Royal Medico-psychological Association (April 1870). Maudsley, Henry; Sibbald, John (????????). "The Report of a Quarterly Meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association, held in London at the Royal Medico-Chirurgical Society, by permission of the President and Council, on the 27th January, 1870. [in Part IV. Psychological News.]" . The Journal of Mental Science . London: Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts . XVI (73). ISSN   0368-315X . OCLC   4642826321 . The theory of Dr. Sankey as to the manner in which these injuries to the chest occurred in asylums deserved our careful attention. It was at least more plausible that the conspiracy theory of Mr. Charles Reade, and the precautionary measure suggested by Dr. Sankey of using a padded waistcoat in recent cases of mania with general paralysis?in which mental condition nearly all these cases under discussion were?seemed to him of practical value. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  45. ↑ Blaskiewicz, Robert (8 August 2013). "Nope, It Was Always Already Wrong" . The Skeptical Inquirer . Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? . ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  46. ↑ Robert Brotherton (19 November 2015). "Chapter 4". Suspicious Minds: Why We Believe Conspiracy Theories . Bloomsbury Publishing. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   978-1-4729-1564-1 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  47. ↑ deHaven-Smith, Lance (15 April 2013). Conspiracy Theory in America . ????? 3. ? ???? ??????? ??? ?????   9780292743793 . ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? . ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . The term "conspiracy theory" did not exist as a phrase in everyday American conversation before 1964. ... In 1964, the year the Warren Commission issued its report, The New York Times published five stories in which "conspiracy theory" appeared. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  48. ↑ McKenzie-McHarg, Andrew (2019) "Conspiracy Theory: The Nineteenth-Century Prehistory of a Twentieth-Century Concept," pp. 78, 76. In Joseph E. Uscinski (ed) Conspiracy Theories & the People Who Believe Them . New York: Oxford University Press.
  49. ↑ Butter, Michael (16 March 2020). "There's a conspiracy theory that the CIA invented the term 'conspiracy theory' ? here's why" . The Conversation . The Conversation Trust (UK) Limited . ??????????? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  50. ↑ Barkun, Michael (October 2016). Campion-Vincent, Veronique; Renard, Jean-Bruno (????????). "Conspiracy Theories as Stigmatized Knowledge". Diogenes . SAGE Publications on behalf of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies . 62 (3?4: Conspiracy Theories Today ): 114?120. doi : 10.1177/0392192116669288 . ISSN   0392-1921 . LCCN   55003452 . S2CID   152217672 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
  51. ↑ Brotherton, Robert (2013). "Towards a definition of 'conspiracy theory ' " (PDF) . PsyPAG Quarterly . 88 : 9?14. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ???? ?????? ??? ( ?????? )
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