???????

??? ?????
???? ??????????????? ???????? ???
( ??????? ???? ??? ?????)
???????
Spanish
Castilian
espanol , castellano
????? [espa??ol] , [kaste??ano]
????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? (????? below )
???? ????
??? ???? (2016) [?]
??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? : ?? ???? (??????? ????) [?]
??????? ?????
?????? ??? ???? ( Spanish alphabet )
Spanish Braille
Signed Spanish (Mexico, Spain, & presumably elsewhere)
?????? ????
?????? ????




Regulated by Association of Spanish Language Academies
( Real Academia Espanola and 21 other national Spanish language academies)
???? ???
ISO 639-1 es
ISO 639-2 spa
ISO 639-3 spa
Glottolog stan1288 [?]
Linguasphere 51-AAA-b

??????? ???? (Spanish language) ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? 23 ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?

??????? ???? ?? ????? 410 ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? 8 ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???

???? [ ????? ]

??????? 22 ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ?????? 1492 ? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? 16??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???

????????? ?????? [ ????? ]

???
??? ????
??? ????
???? ????
?
??????? ???? ????
???? 46,951,532 41,786,863 4,581,088 98.8% 46,388,113
??????? 108,396,211 101,908,787 6,861,481 98.5% 106,770,268
??????? 45,600,000 45,157,680 77,520 99.2% 45,235,200
???????? 40,518,951 38,866,177 1,037,285 99.4% 40,275,837

??????? ???? ???? [ ????? ]

?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 47 ??? 50 ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? 2007 ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???

???? [ ????? ]

??????? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? 20 ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? 1.7? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? 4 ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???

?????? ??? [ ????? ]

??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???

?????? [ ????? ]

2006 ?? ???? ???? ??? 4 ???? 43 ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???

?????? [ ????? ]

?????? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???

???? ????? ?????? [ ????? ]

???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???


??????? ??????? ????? ??? [ ????? ]

??? ????? [?] ??????? ???? ????? ???? [?] ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? [?] ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? (????? ????? ????) [?] [?] [?]
  ??????? 122,273,473 [?] ???,???,??? (92.7%) [??] ???,???,??? (98.5%) [?]
  ?????? 321,442,019 [??] 39,254,342 [??] (13.1%) [??] 41,343,921 [??] (82% [??] of the 55.4 mill. Hispanics [??] + 2.8 mill. non Hispanics [??] ) 52,000,000 [??] (including 7.8 million students [?] and some of the 9 million undocumented Hispanics not accounted by the Census [??] ) [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] [??]
  ??????? 48,620,000 [??] ??,???,??? (850,000 with other mother tongue) [??] ??,???,??? (99.2%) [?]
  ???? 46,624,382 [??] ??,???,??? (82%) [??] ??,???,??? (98.8%) [?]
  ???????? 43,590,368 [??] [??] 40,300,000 [??] ??,???,??? (99.4%) [?]
  ???????? 31,028,637 [??] ??,???,??? (1,098,244 with other mother tongue) [??] ??,???,??? (98.8%) [?]
  ???? 31,488,625 [??] ??,???,??? (84.1%) [??] [??] ??,???,??? (86.6%) [?]
  ??? 18,191,884 [??] 17,910,284 (281,600 with other mother tongue) [??] ??,???,??? (99.3%) [?]
  ???????? 16,220,000 [??] 13,500,000 [??] ??,???,??? (98.1%) [?]
  ????????? 16,176,133 [??] ?,???,??? (60%) [??] ??,???,??? (86.4%) [?]
  ????? 11,390,000 [?] 11,390,000 [??] ??,???,??? (99.4%) [?]
  ??????? ???????? 10,528,000 [?] 9,300,000 [??] ??,???,??? (99.6%) [?]
  ??????? 10,958,089 [??] ?,???,??? (58%) [??] ?,???,??? (87.9%) [?]
  ???????? 8,721,014 [??] 8,513,264 (207,750 with other mother tongue) [??] ?,???,??? (99.0%) [?]
  ????? 65,635,000 [??] 477,564 (1% [??] of 47,756,439 [??] ) 1,910,258 (4% [??] of 47,756,439 [??] ) 6,685,901 (14% [??] of 47,756,439 [??] )
  ??? ???????? 6,520,675 [??] 6,090,000 [??] ?,???,??? (99.7%) [?]
  ?????? 206,120,000 [??] 460,018 [??] 460,018 [??] 6,056,018 (460,018 native speakers + 96,000 limited proficiency + 5,500,000 can hold a conversation) [??]
  ???????? 6,042,000 [?] 5,551,876 (490,124 with other mother tongue) [??] ?,???,??? (97.0%) [?]
  ???? 60,795,612 [??] 1,037,248 (2% [??] of 51,862,391 [??] ) 5,704,863 (11% [??] of 51,862,391 [??] )
  ????????? 4,890,379 [??] 4,806,069 (84,310 with other mother tongue) [??] ?,???,??? (99.2%) [?]
  ???????? 6,854,536 [??] 3,907,086 (57%) [??] ?,???,??? (69.5%) [?]
  ?????? 3,764,166 [??] 3,263,123 (501,043 with other mother tongue) [??] ?,???,??? (93.1%) [?]
  ???????? 3,480,222 [??] 3,330,022 (150,200 with other mother tongue) [??] ?,???,??? (98.9%) [?]
  ????? ???? 3,474,182 [??] ?,???,??? (95.1%) [??] ?,???,??? (98.8%) [?]
  ????? 34,378,000 [??] 6,586 [??] 6,586 3,415,000 [??] [??] (10%) [??]
  ??????? 64 105 700 [??] 120,000 [??] 518,480 (1% [??] of 51,848,010 [??] ) 3,110,880 (6% [??] of 51,848,010 [??] )
  ?????? 101,562,305 [??] 438,882 [??] 3,016,773 [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] [??]
  ????? 81,292,400 [??] 644,091 (1% [??] of 64,409,146 [??] ) 2,576,366 (4% [??] of 64,409,146 [??] )
  ??????? ??? 1,622,000 [??] 1,683 [??] 918,000 [?] (90.5%) [?] [??]
  ??????? 21,355,849 [??] 182,467 (1% [??] of 18,246,731 [??] ) 912,337 (5% [??] of 18,246,731 [??] )
  ?????? 10,636,888 [??] 323,237 (4% [??] of 8,080,915 [??] ) 808,091 (10% [??] of 8,080,915 [??] )
  ?????? 34,605,346 [??] 439,000 [??] 643,800 (87% [??] of 740,000 [??] ) [??] 736,653 [?]
  ????????? 16,665,900 [??] 133,719 (1% [??] of 13,371,980 [??] ) 668,599 (5% [??] of 13,371,980 [??] )
  ????? 9,555,893 [??] 77,912 (1% [??] of 7,791,240 [??] ) 77,912 (1% of 7,791,240) 467,474 (6% [??] of 7,791,240 [??] )
  ???????? 21,507,717 [??] 111,400 [??] 111,400 447,175 [??]
  ?????? 10,918,405 [???] 89,395 (1% [??] of 8,939,546 [??] ) 446,977 (5% [??] of 8,939,546 [??] )
  ???? 10,008,749 [???] 412,515 (???? ???) [?]
?????:Country data Ivory Coast 21,359,000 [???] 341,073 (???? ???) [?]
  ?????? 38,092,000 324,137 (1% [??] of 32,413,735 [??] ) 324,137 (1% of 32,413,735)
  ?????? 8,205,533 70,098 (1% [??] of 7,009,827 [??] ) 280,393 (4% [??] of 7,009,827 [??] )
  ??????? 33,769,669 223,422 [??]
  ????? 333,200 [???] 173,597 [??] 173,597 [??] 195,597 [??] (62.8%) [???]
  ??????? 12,853,259 205,000 (???? ???) [?]
  ?????? 5,484,723 45,613 (1% [??] of 4,561,264 [??] ) 182,450 (4% [??] of 4,561,264 [??] )
  ??????? 7,112,359 130,000 [??] 175,231 [???]
  ????? 127,288,419 100,229 [???] 100,229 167,514 (60,000 students) [?]
  ????? 1,545,255 [???] 167,410 (???? ???) [?]
  ?????????? 7,581,520 150,782 (2,24%) [???] [???] 150,782 165,202 (14,420 students) [???]
  ??????? 4,581,269 [???] 35,220 (1% [??] of 3,522,000 [??] ) 140,880 (4% [??] of 3,522,000 [??] )
  ?? ???? 5,244,749 133,200 (3% [??] of 4,440,004 [??] )
  ??????? 7,262,675 130,750 (2% [??] of 6,537,510 [??] ) 130,750 (2% [??] of 6,537,510 [??] )
  ?????? ??   ???????? 223,652 10,699 [??] 10,699 [??] 125,534 [??]
  ??? ??????? 10,513,209 [???] 90,124 (1% [??] of 9,012,443 [??] )
  ????? 9,957,731 [???] 83,206 (1% [??] of 8,320,614 [??] )
  ????? 101,484 [???] 6,800 [??] 6,800 [??] 75,402 [??]
  ???????? ?? ?????? 1,317,714 [???] 4,100 [??] 4,100 [??] 65,886 [??] (5%) [???]
  ?????? 21,599,100 [???] 63,560 (???? ???) [?]
  ?????? 84,484 33,305 [??] 33,305 [??] 54,909 [??]
  ??????? 35,194 (2% [??] of 1,759,701 [??] ) 52,791 (3% [??] of 1,759,701 [??] )
  ????? ???? 21,645 [???] 21,645 47,322 (25,677 students) [?]
  ???????? 5,455,407 45,500 (1% [??] of 4,549,955 [??] )
  ????? 4,644,457 12,573 [???] 36,250 [?]
  ??? 1,339,724,852 [???] 30,000 (???? ???) [???]
  ??? ?????? 29,441 [???] 22,758 (77.3% [???] )
  ???????? 2,972,949 [???] 28,297 (1% [??] of 2,829,740 [??] )
  ??????? 524,853 4,049 (1% [??] of 404,907 [??] ) 8,098 (2% [??] of 404,907 [??] ) 24,294 (6% [??] of 404,907 [??] )
  ??? 143,400,000 [???] 3,320 [??] 3,320 [??] 23,320 [??]
  ????? ????? 513,000 [???] n.a. [???] 22,000 [??]
  ???? 19,092 [???]
?????:Country data United States Virgin Islands ?????? ???? ????? 16,788 [???] 16,788 [??] 16,788 [??]
  ?????? 2,209,000 [???] 13,943 (1% [??] of 1,447,866 [??] )
  ???? 73,722,988 [???] 1,134 [??] 1,134 [??] 13,480 [??] [???]
  ???? 2% [??] of 660,400 [??]
  ????? 1,210,193,422 [???] 9,750 (???? ???) [???]
  ??????? 9,457 (1% [??] of 945,733 [??] )
  ????? 2,711,476 [???] 8,000 [???] 8,000 [???] 8,000 [???]
  ?????? 3,870 [???]
  ??? 3,500 [???]
  ????? 3,354 (1% [??] of 335,476 [??] )
  ????? ????? (???? ???????) 460,624,488 [???] 2,397,000 (559,525 ???? ???? ?? ??? ???) [???]
?? 7,300,000,000 (Total World Population) [???] ???,???,??? [?] [??] (?.? %) [???] ???,???,??? [??] (?.? % ) ???,???,??? [?] [??] [???] (?.? %) [???]


???????
Spanish

???? ???? ???: ???? ? ????????? ???????? ???
???? ????: 20 ???? ???
???? ???: ??? ????? ??????
???: ????
???? ? ????: 3 ???

???? [ ????? ]

??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? 2 ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? (????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ) - ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? . ????? ?????? ?? ????? (?? ?? ????) ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? . ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???. ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? - ????????? (?????? ???????)? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ? ???????? ?? ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???. ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? Liturgical ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??. ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? 13??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??. [30] ?? ?????? ????? ?? ? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? (?????? ??????? ?????? ?????). ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? (??? 4?000 ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? 8 ???? ????? ????? ?? ). [31] ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? 13??? ???? 16 ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? 1570 ??. [30] ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? (?? ??? ?????? ???> ??????? ????) ???? ??? ??? ???? ???. ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? - ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? .

Latin Spanish Ladino Aragonese Asturian Galician Portuguese Catalan Gascon / Occitan French Sardinian Italian Romanian English
petra p ie dra pedra pedra , peira p ie rre pedra , perda p ie tra p ia tr? 'stone'
terra t ie rra terra terra terre terra ?ar? 'land'
moritur m ue re m ue rre morre mor moris m eu rt morit m uo re m oa re 'dies (v.)'
mortem m ue rte morte mort mort mort morte, morti morte m oa rte 'death'
?????? ????? ?? ????-????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????(???????)
Latin Spanish Ladino Aragonese Asturian Galician Portuguese Catalan Gascon / Occitan French Sardinian Italian Romanian English
filium h ijo fijo (or hijo ) fillo fiu fillo filho fill filh , h ilh fils fizu, figiu, fillu figlio fiu 'son'
facere h acer fazer fer facer fazer fer far , faire , h ar (or h er ) faire faghere, faere, fairi fare a face 'to do'
febrem fiebre (calentura) febre febre , frebe , h rebe (or
h erebe ) 		fievre calentura febbre febr? 'fever'
focum fuego fueu fogo foc fuoc , foc , h uec feu fogu fuoco foc 'fire'

Some consonant clusters of Latin also produced characteristically different results in these languages, as shown in the examples in the following table:

Latin Spanish Ladino Aragonese Asturian Galician Portuguese Catalan Gascon / Occitan French Sardinian Italian Romanian English
cl ?vem ll ave , clave clave clau ll ave chave chave clau cle giae, crae, crai chiave cheie 'key'
fl amma ll ama , flama fl ama chama chama , flama flama flamme framma fiamma flam? 'flame'
pl ?num ll eno , pleno pleno plen ll enu cheo cheio , pleno ple plen plein prenu pieno plin 'plenty, full'
o ct ? o ch o gueito o ch o , oito oito oito ( oi t o ) vuit , huit ue ch , uo ch , ueit huit oto otto opt 'eight'
mu lt um mu ch o
mu y 		mu nch o
mu y 		muito
mu i 		mu nch u
mu i 		moito
mo i 		muito molt molt  (arch.) tres,

beaucoup

meda molto mult 'much,
very,
many'

??? ????? [ ????? ]

??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????

????????? [ ????? ]

?????:?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????:????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????

  1. ↑ El espanol: una lengua viva ? Informe 2015 . Instituto Cervantes . 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190107063042/http://www.cedro.org/docs/default-source/otros/informe_cervantes.pdf%20 . Retrieved on
    ?? ?????? ????.  
  2. ↑ ?.? ?.? ?.? Spanish at ????????? (18th ed., 2015)
  3. ↑ (2013) " Standard Spanish ", Glottolog . Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.  
  4. ↑ ?.? ?.? ?.? ?.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ Ethnologue, 18th Ed.: es:Anexo:Hablantes de espanol segun Ethnologue (edicion 18) .
  6. ↑ ?.? ?.? Eurobarometer (PDF), EU: Page TS2: Population older than 15 years old of each country. page T74: Speakers who speak Spanish very well. Page T46: Speakers who speak well enough in order to be able to have a conversation. es:Anexo:Hablantes de espanol en la U.E. segun el Eurobarometro (2012) , 2012  
  7. ↑ ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? "Cifras", Spanish students (p. 10) (PDF) (in Spanish) (2015), ES: Instituto Cervantes   Students across the World.
  8. ↑ ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? ?.?? Demografia de la lengua espanola (in Spanish), ES, p. 10, archived from the original on 2010-09-23 , retrieved 2020-10-08   , to countries with official Spanish status.
  9. ↑ 2016 population estimate (in Spanish), MX: CONAPO estimate, archived from the original on 2013-08-07 , retrieved 2020-10-08  
  10. ↑ "MX", The World Factbook , USA: CIA, archived from the original on 2018-01-29 , retrieved 2020-10-08   : Spanish only 92.7%
  11. ↑ (4 ,July ,2015) Population clock , US: Census Bureau  
  12. ↑ Spanish speakers older than 5 years old ( Table , US: Census Bureau, 2014, archived from the original on 2016-04-11 , retrieved 2020-10-08   )
  13. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  14. ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? ????? ????: ?? ???? ??? ???? <ref> ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? InstitutoCervantes ????
  15. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  16. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  17. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  18. ↑ There are 9 million illegal Hispanics in USA, some of them aren't in the census ( Palidos de hambre (editorial) (in Spanish), Impre, 2009-04-19   )
  19. ↑ Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Espanola , El castellano, archived from the original on 2016-02-24 , retrieved 2020-10-08  
  20. ↑ Anson, Jose Ma, Jose Ma. Anson: "Casi cincuenta millones" hablan espanol en EE. UU. , El Castellano, archived from the original on 2016-02-24 , retrieved 2020-10-08  
  21. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  22. ↑ Rodriguez Barilari, Elbio, Congresos de la lengua (in Spanish), ES, archived from the original on 2013-07-15 , retrieved 2020-10-08  
  23. ↑ Mas de 70 expertos participaran en la III Acta Internacional de la Lengua Espanola (in Spanish), ES: ABC de Sevilla, 2008-03-29  
  24. ↑ CNN en espanol restructures its programming , ??? ???? ?????, 2011-03-13   (The United States is now the second-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, with more Spanish speakers than Spain, and exceeded only by Mexico).
  25. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  26. ↑ There are 850,000 speakers of American Indian languages ( "CO", Ethnologue , archived from the original on 2014-03-26 , retrieved 2020-10-08   )
  27. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  28. ↑ 82.0% speak Spanish as a first language ( Eurobarometer (PDF), Europa, 2012   )
  29. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  30. ↑ 40,872,286 people is the census population result for 2010 Censo , AR: INDEC, 2010, archived from the original on 2018-10-01 , retrieved 2020-10-08  
  31. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  32. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). (2016)
  33. ↑ "Languages" , VE , Ethnologue, There are 1,098,244 people who speak other language as their mother tongue (main languages: Chinese 400,000, Portuguese 254,000, Wayuu 199,000, Arabic 110,000)  
  34. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  35. ↑ "Census", The World factbook , US: CIA, 2007, archived from the original on 2020-05-08 , retrieved 2020-10-08 , Spanish (official) 84.1%, Quechua (official) 13%, Aymara 1.7%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.7%, other 0.2%  
  36. ↑ "PE" , Country , Ethnologue, There are 5,782,260 people who speak other language as mother tongue (main languages: Quechua (among 32 Quechua's varieties) 4,773,900, Aymara (2 varieties) 661 000, Chinese 100,000).  
  37. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  38. ↑ "CL" , Country , Ethnologue, There are 281,600 people who speak another language, mainly Mapudungun (250.000)  
  39. ↑ "Estimate", Pop. clock ( SWF ), EC : INEC  
  40. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  41. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  42. ↑ "GT" , The World factbook , CIA, archived from the original on 2015-10-02 , retrieved 2020-10-08 , Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40%  
  43. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  44. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  45. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  46. ↑ According to the 1992 Census, 58 per cent of the population speaks Spanish as its mother tongue. unicef.org Archived 2012-01-19 at the ?? ??? ????
  47. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  48. ↑ There are 207,750 people who speak another language, mainly Garifuna (98,000).: Ethnologue
  49. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  50. ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? Eurobarometr 2012 (page T40): Native speakers.
  51. ↑ ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? Eurobarometr 2012 (page TS2): Population older than 15. (age scale used for the Eurobarometer survey)
  52. ↑ ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? Eurobarometr 2012 (page T74): Non native people who speak Spanish very well.
  53. ↑ ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? Eurobarometr 2012 (page T64): Non native people who speak Spanish well enough in order to be able to have a conversation.
  54. ↑ Census 2010 estimation (page 32) Archived 2011-10-06 at the ?? ??? ????
  55. ↑ There are 14,100 people who speak other language as their mother tongue (main language, Kekchi with 12,300 speakers): Ethnologue .
  56. ↑ IBGE population estimation [ IBGE publishes the populational estimates for municipalities in 2?011 ] (in Portuguese), BR, 2016  
  57. ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? Informe 2016 (PDF), ES : Instituto Cervantes, 2016, pp. 6, 16  
  58. ↑ There are 490,124 people who speak another language, mainly Miskito (154,000).: Ethnologue
  59. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  60. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  61. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  62. ↑ DGEEC 2016 estimation
  63. ↑ According to the 1992 census, 50% use both Spanish and the indigenous language Guarani at home, 37% speak Guarani only, 7% speak Spanish only. findarticles.com Archived 2013-09-07 at the ?? ??? ???? . About 75 percent can speak Spanish. pressreference.com
  64. ↑ Census INE estimate for 2013 Archived 2011-10-07 at the ?? ??? ???? (vease "Proyeccion de Poblacion por municipio 2008-2020")
  65. ↑ There are 501,043 people who speak another language as mother tongue: PA , Ethnologue  
  66. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  67. ↑ There are 150,200 people who speak another language as mother tongue, UY , Ethnologue  
  68. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  69. ↑ 95.10% of the population speaks Spanish ( US. Census Bureau )
  70. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  71. ↑ ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? ??.?? El espanol en el mundo [ Spanish in the world ] (PDF), ES : Instituto Cervantes, 2012, p. 6  
  72. ↑ El espanol en el contexto Sociolinguistico marroqui: Evolucion y perspectivas (page 39) : Between 4 and 7 million people have Spanish knowledge (M. Ammadi, 2002) Archived 2013-11-06 at the ?? ??? ????
  73. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  74. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  75. ↑ Languages of the United Kingdom
  76. ↑ Medium projection , PH: National Statistics Office, 2015  
  77. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  78. ↑ 1,816,773 Spanish + 1,200,000 Spanish creole: Quilis, Antonio (1996), La lengua espanola en Filipinas (PDF), Cervantes virtual, p. 54 and 55  
  79. ↑ Ten Reasons , ES: Mepsyd, p. 23, archived from the original on 2017-05-25 , retrieved 2020-10-08  
  80. ↑ Philippines , Spanish differences, archived from the original on 2012-12-21 , retrieved 2016-07-21   Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( help )
  81. ↑ Spanish in the world 2012 (Instituto Cervantes) : 3,017,265 Spanish speakers. 439,000 with native knowledge, 2,557,773 with limited knowledge (page 6), and 20,492 Spanish students (page 10).
  82. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  83. ↑ The figure of 2?900?000 Spanish speakers is in Thompson, RW, Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations , p. 45  
  84. ↑ World wide Spanish language , Sispain  
  85. ↑ German census , DE: Destatis, 2015-03-31  
  86. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  87. ↑ Spanish according to INE 2011
  88. ↑ 14% of the population speaks Spanish natively and other 74% as a second language: "Anuario", CVC (PDF) (in Spanish), ES: Cervantes, 2007  
  89. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  90. ↑ Eurostat 1/1/2010
  91. ↑ Statcan , CA: GC  
  92. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  93. ↑ 87% of the Hispanics, speak Spanish. mequieroir.com
  94. ↑ There are 740,000 Hispanics in Canada in 2015, according to "Hispanovation: La creciente influencia hispanica en Canada" (Social Media Week in Toronto): www.univision.com , www.abc.es .
  95. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  96. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  97. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  98. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  99. ↑ Page 32 of the "Demografia de la lengua espanola" Archived 2010-09-23 at the ?? ??? ????
  100. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  101. ↑ 2013 census estimate
  102. ↑ ins.ci Census, 2009
  103. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  104. ↑ Page 32 of Demografia de la lengua espanola Archived 2010-09-23 at the ?? ??? ???? (52,1% native speakers + 11,7% with some Spanish knowladge))
  105. ↑ Pages 34, 35 of the "Demografia de la lengua espanola", page 35 Archived 2010-09-23 at the ?? ??? ???? .
  106. ↑ Peruvian immigrants in 2012
  107. ↑ www.state.gov . 2015 estimate
  108. ↑ www.bfs.admin.ch
  109. ↑ 111,942 Spaniards in 2016 ( INE ) + 17,113 Peruvians in 2012 ( [?] ) + 5706 Argentines in 2012 ( [?] ) + 2864 Chileans in 2012
  110. ↑ cvc.cervantes.es (annuary 2006-07)
  111. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  112. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  113. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  114. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  115. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  116. ↑ http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_06-07/pdf/paises_41.pdf
  117. ↑ Evolution de la population par sexe de 1976 a 2012 en: Annuaire Statistique du Cameroun 2010 . Consultado el 23-08-2012.
  118. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  119. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  120. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  121. ↑ 25,000 Spanish students in the university + 5,000 in the "Instituto Cervantes" cervantes.es (page 4)
  122. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  123. ↑ www.um.es (5.2. Datos descriptivos de los usos de espanol e ingles, Grafico 2). 77.3% of the Gibraltar population speak Spanish with their mother more, or equal than English.
  124. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  125. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  126. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  127. ↑ The Spanish 1970 census claims 16.648 Spanish speakers in Western Sahara ( [?] ) but probably most of them were people born in Spain who left after the Moroccan annexation
  128. ↑ Page 34 of the Demografia de la Lengua Espanola Archived 2010-09-23 at the ?? ??? ????
  129. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  130. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  131. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  132. ↑ 8,000 (Page 37 of the Demografia de la lengua espanola Archived 2010-09-23 at the ?? ??? ???? ) + 4,346 Spanish Students (according to the Instituto Cervantes)
  133. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  134. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  135. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  136. ↑ ???.? ???.? ???.? Languages of Jamaica ,
  137. ↑ El espanol en Namibia, 2005. Instituto Cervantes .
  138. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  139. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  140. ↑ Demografia de la lengua espanola, page 37 Archived 2010-09-23 at the ?? ??? ???? (2,397,000 people speak Spanish as a native language in the E.U. excluded Spain, but It is already counted population who speak Spanish as a native language in France (477,564), Sweden (77,912) and Luxemburg (4,049)).
  141. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  142. ↑ 426,515,910 speakers L1 in 2012 ( ethnologue ) of 7,097,500,000 people in the World in 2012 ( UN ): 6%.
  143. ↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
  144. ↑ 517,824,310 speakers L1 and L2 in 2012 ( ethnologue ) of 7,097,500,000 people in the World in 2012 ( UN ): 7.3%.
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