??? ??

	????? ; Pinyin
????	?音
Transcriptions
Hakka
Romanization	pin 24 im 24
Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	P?ny?n
Wade?Giles	P‘in 1 -yin 1
IPA	?????:IPAc-cmn
Bopomofo	??? ??
Min
Hokkien POJ	peng-im/pheng-im
Wu
Romanization	phin 平 in 平
Cantonese
Jyutping	Ping3jam1
IPA	?????:IPAc-yue
Yale Romanization	Pingy?m
Canton Romanization	Ping 3 yem 1
???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ; Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet
??? ????	?? ?音方案
?????? ????	漢語 ?音方案
Transcriptions
Hakka
Romanization	hon 55 ngi 24 pin 24 im 24 fong 24 on 55
Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Hany? P?ny?n F?ng'an
Wade?Giles	Han 4 -yu 3 P‘in 1 -yin 1 Fang 1 -an 4
IPA	?????:IPAc-cmn
Bopomofo	??? ?ˇ ??? ?? ?? ??
Min
Hokkien POJ	han-gu pheng-im hong-an
Wu
Romanization	hoe 去 nyiu 上 phin 平 in 平 faon 平 oe 去
Cantonese
Jyutping	Hon3jyu5 Ping3jam1 Fong1on3
IPA	?????:IPA-yue
Yale Romanization	Honyuh Pingy?m F?ng'on
Canton Romanization	Hon 3 yu 5 Ping 3 yem 1 Fong 1 on 3

????? ????? ( ??????? : Hanyu Pinyin) ( ???? ???? : ?? ?音 ; ?????? ???? : 漢語 ?音 ) ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????

????? ???? 1950? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? (Zhou Youguang) ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ^[?] ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? 1958? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ^[?] ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 1982? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ^[?] ?? ?? ??? 1986? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ^[?] 2009? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ^[?]^[?] ???? "??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???" ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ^[?] ??? ????? ( Hany? ) ( ???? ???? : ?? ; ?????? ???? : 漢語 ) ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? " ?????? ???? " ?? ??? ????? ?? ( P?ny?n ) ( ???? : ?音 ; ) ?? ???? ???? "??? ???" ?? ???? ^[?] '???? ?? ?? ???????' ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? 21 ?? 39 ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1958 ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? (??????) ???? ????? ?????? ????

??? ???? [ ????? ]

(2005) Pinyin shorthand: a bilingual handbook . Jack Sun. ISBN 978-1-59971-251-2 .
(1988) Quick reference Chinese : a practical guide to Mandarin for beginners and travelers in English, Pinyin romanization, and Chinese characters . China Books & Periodicals. ISBN 978-0-8351-2036-4 .
(1979) Pinyin Chinese-English dictionary (in English). Beijing: Commercial Press. ISBN 978-0-471-86796-8 .
(1990) Han yu p?in yin ho cheng tz?u fa (in English). ISBN 9787800521485 .

?????? ??? [ ????? ]

Find more about ??? ?? at Wikipedia's sister projects
	Definitions from Wiktionary
	Media from Commons
	Data from Wikidata

Basic rules of the Chinese phonetic alphabet orthography ?The official standard GB/T 16159-2012 in Chinese. PDF version from the Chinese Ministry of Education. ?????:Zh icon
- HTML version on Pinyin.info ?????:Zh icon
Chinese phonetic alphabet spelling rules for Chinese names ?The official standard GB/T 28039-2011 in Chinese. PDF version from the Chinese Ministry of Education ?????:Zh icon
Pinyin-Guide.com Archived 2020-11-12 at the ?? ??? ???? Pronunciation and FAQs related to Pinyin
Pinyin-Editor.com Archived 2020-11-25 at the ?? ??? ???? Online editor to create Pinyin with tones

????? [ ????? ]

↑ ^?.? ^?.? Margalit Fox (14 January 2017). " Zhou Youguang, Who Made Writing Chinese as Simple as ABC, Dies at 111 ". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/14/world/asia/zhou-youguang-who-made-writing-chinese-as-simple-as-abc-dies-at-111.html .
↑ "Pinyin celebrates 50th birthday" . ??????? ???? ?????? . 2008-02-11 . http://www.china.org.cn/english/news/242463.htm . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Shih Hsiu-Chuan (2008-09-18). " Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009 ". Taipei Times : p. 2 . http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/18/2003423528 .
↑ " Government to improve English-friendly environment ". The China Post . 2008-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080919054355/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/09/18/175155/Gov%27t%2Dto.htm .
↑ Copper, John F. (2015). Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China . Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, xv. ISBN 978-1-4422-4306-4 . Retrieved on 4 December 2017 .
↑ The online version of the canonical Guoyu Cidian ( ???? : 《國語辭典》 ) defines this term as: ???? : 標語音?不標語義的符號系統，足以明確紀錄某一種語言。 'a system of symbols for notation of the sounds of words, rather than for their meanings, that is sufficient to accurately record some language'. See this entry online . ?????:Dead link Retrieved 14 September 2012.

?????:???? ???????

[fox-1] ?.? ^?.? Margalit Fox (14 January 2017). " Zhou Youguang, Who Made Writing Chinese as Simple as ABC, Dies at 111 ". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/14/world/asia/zhou-youguang-who-made-writing-chinese-as-simple-as-abc-dies-at-111.html .

[2] "Pinyin celebrates 50th birthday" . ??????? ???? ?????? . 2008-02-11 . http://www.china.org.cn/english/news/242463.htm . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.

[ISO1982-3] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[pinyin_tt-4] Shih Hsiu-Chuan (2008-09-18). " Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009 ". Taipei Times : p. 2 . http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/09/18/2003423528 .

[pinyin_cp-5] " Government to improve English-friendly environment ". The China Post . 2008-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080919054355/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national%20news/2008/09/18/175155/Gov%27t%2Dto.htm .

[6] Copper, John F. (2015). Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China . Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, xv. ISBN 978-1-4422-4306-4 . Retrieved on 4 December 2017 .

[7] The online version of the canonical Guoyu Cidian ( ???? : 《國語辭典》 ) defines this term as: ???? : 標語音?不標語義的符號系統，足以明確紀錄某一種語言。 'a system of symbols for notation of the sounds of words, rather than for their meanings, that is sufficient to accurately record some language'. See this entry online . ?????:Dead link Retrieved 14 September 2012.

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