???? ???

Iraq War
	?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???
	; Clockwise from top : U.S. troops at Uday and Qusay Hussein's hideout; insurgents in northern Iraq; an Iraqi insurgent firing a MANPADS ; the toppling of the ???? ???? statue in Firdos Square
?????	?? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ; (??? ???) ;
????	????
?????	Invasion and occupation of Iraq ; Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government and execution of Saddam Hussein ; Emergence of significant insurgency , rise of al-Qaeda in Iraq , severe sectarian violence ; Subsequent reduction in violence and depletion of ??????? in Iraq ; Establishment of parliamentary democracy and formation of new Shia -led government ; Withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq in 2011 ; Stronger Iranian influence in Iraq ; Escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal leading to the rise of the ???? , the successor of al-Qaeda in Iraq ; Re-escalation of conflict in 2013 ending in 2017 ; Return of U.S. forces to Iraq in 2014 ; Low-level insurgency following 2017 ;
?????
Invasion phase (2003) ; ?????? ; ??????? ; ???????? ; ?????? ; ?????:Country data Kurdistan ??????? ; Supported by : ; ???? ; ?????????	Invasion phase (2003) ; ?????:Country data Ba'athist Iraq
Post-invasion ; (2003?11) ; ?????? ; ??????? MNF?I ; (2003?09) ?????? ; (2003?09) ; ??????? ; (2003?09) ; ???????? ; (2003?09) ; ??????? ; (2003?09) ; ?????????? ; (2003?08) ; ???? ; (2003?08) ; ??????? ; (2003?09) ; ??? ???????? ; (2003?09) ; ??????? ; (2003?08) ; ??????? ; (2003?08) ; ??????? ; (2003?08) ; ?????? ; (2003?08) ; ?????? ; (2003?08) ; ??? ??????? ; (2003?08) ; ????? ????? ; (2003?08) ; ??????? ; (2003?08) ; ?????? ; (2003?08) ; ?????? ?? ?????????? (2003?08) ; ????? ??????? ; (2003?08) ; ?????? ; (2003?08) ; ?????? ; (2003?08) ; ???????? ; (2003?08) ; ??????? ; (2003?08) ; ?????? ; (2003?08) ; ????? ; (2004?08) ; ????? ; (2004?08) ; ??????? ; (2005?08) ; ???????? ; (2003?07) ; ???????? ; (2003?07) ; ???? ; (2003?06) ; ????? ; (2003?06) ; ????? ; (2003?05) ; ????????? ; (2003?05) ; ?????? ; (2003?05) ; ????? ???? ; (2003?04) ; ????? ???? ; (2003?04) ; ?????? ; (2003?04) ; ???????? ; (2003?04) ; ??????? ???????? ; (2003?04) ; ???? ; (2003?04) ; ???????? ; (2003?04) ; ??? ???? ; (2003?04) ; New Iraqi government Iraqi Armed Forces ; Awakening Council ; Supported by : ; ????? ; ?????:Country data Iraqi Kurdistan ??????? ;	Post-invasion (2003?11) ; Ba'ath loyalists ????:Logo of the Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation.png Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation ; ?????:Country data Ba'athist Iraq Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order ; Sunni insurgents Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004?06) ; ?????:Country data ISIL Islamic State of Iraq (from 2006) ; ????:IAILogo.png Islamic Army of Iraq ; Ansar al-Sunnah (2003?07) ; Shia insurgents Mahdi Army ; Special Groups ; ????:Asa'ib Ahl Al-Haq flag.png Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq ; Others ; Supported by : ; ????? Quds Force ; For fighting between insurgent groups, see Sectarian violence in Iraq (2006?08) .
?????? ??? ?????
Ayad Allawi ; Ibrahim al-Jaafari ; ???? ??????? ; Ricardo Sanchez ; George W. Casey, Jr. ; David Petraeus ; Raymond T. Odierno ; Lloyd Austin ; ???? ????? ?? ; ???? ?????? ; Tommy Franks ; ????? ??????? ; ????? ???? ; ???? ????? ; Gordon Brown ; ???? ?????? ; John Howard ; Kevin Rudd ; Ion Iliescu ; Traian B?sescu ; ????? ????? ; Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah ; ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ; Silvio Berlusconi /> Jose Maria Aznar ; Anders Fogh Rasmussen ; Aleksander Kwa?niewski ; Lech Kaczy?ski	???? ???? ?????:POW ; Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri ; ??? ???? ???? ? ; ??? ???? ???? ? ; Abid Hamid Mahmud ?????:POW ; Ali Hassan al-Majid ?????:POW ; Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti ?????:POW ; Taha Yasin Ramadan ?????:POW ; ???? ???? ?????:POW ; Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Sunni insurgency ; ??? ???? ???????? ? ; Abu Ayyub al-Masri ? ; ??? ??? ???????? ? ; ?????? ???????? ; ????:IAILogo.png Ishmael Jubouri ; Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i ?????:POW Shia insurgency ; Muqtada al-Sadr ; Abu Deraa ; ????:Asa'ib Ahl Al-Haq flag.png Qais al-Khazali ; Akram al-Kaabi ???? ??????? ;
????
Invasion forces (2003) ; 309,000 ; ?????? : 192,000 ; ??????? : 45,000 ; ???????? : 2,000 ; ?????? : 194 ; ?????:Country data Kurdistan ??????? : 70,000 Coalition forces (2004?09) ; 176,000 at peak ; United States Forces ? Iraq (2010?11) ; 112,000 at activation ; Security contractors 6,000?7,000 (estimate) ; Iraqi security forces ; 805,269 (military and paramilitary: 578,269, police: 227,000) ; Awakening militias ; ?103,000 (2008) ; Iraqi Kurdistan ; ?400,000 (Kurdish Border Guard: 30,000, ??????? 375,000)	Iraqi Armed Forces : 375,000 (disbanded in 2003) ; Special Iraqi Republican Guard : 12,000 ; Iraqi Republican Guard : 70,000?75,000 ; Fedayeen Saddam : 30,000 Sunni Insurgents ; ?70,000 (2007) ; ??????? ; ?1,300 (2006) ; Islamic State of Iraq ; ?1,000 (2008) ; Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order ; ?500?1,000 (2007)
??????? ??? ???????
Iraqi security forces (post-Saddam) ; Killed : 17,690 ; Wounded : 40,000+ ; Coalition forces ; Killed : 4,825 (4,507 U.S., 179 U.K., 139 other) ; Missing/captured (U.S.): 17 (9 died in captivity, 8 rescued) ; Wounded : 32,776+ (32,292 U.S., 315 U.K., 212+ other ) Injured/diseases/other medical* : 51,139 (47,541 U.S., 3,598 UK) ; Contractors ; Killed : 1,554 ; Wounded & injured : 43,880 ; Awakening Councils ; Killed : 1,002+ ; Wounded : 500+ (2007), 828 (2008) Total dead: 25,071 ; Total wounded: 117,961	Iraqi combatant dead (invasion period): 5,388?10,800 ; Insurgents (post-Saddam) ; Killed : 26,544 (2003?11) ; (4,000 foreign fighters killed by Sep. 2006) ; Detainees : 12,000 (Iraqi-held, in 2010 only) ; 119,752 insurgents arrested (2003?2007) ; Total dead: 31,608?37,344
	Estimated deaths : ; Lancet survey (March 2003 ? July 2006): 654,965 (95% CI: 392,979?942,636) ; Iraq Family Health Survey * (March 2003 ? July 2006): 151,000 (95% CI: 104,000?223,000) ; Opinion Research Business : (March 2003 ? August 2007): 1,033,000 (95% CI: 946,258?1,120,000) ; Iraq Family Health Survey * (March 2003 ? July 2006): 151,000 (95% CI: 104,000?223,000) ; PLOS Medicine Study** : (March 2003 ? June 2011): 405,000 (95% CI: 48,000?751,000) ; Documented deaths from violence : ; Iraq Body Count (2003 ? 14 December 2011): 103,160?113,728 civilian deaths recorded and 12,438 new deaths added from the Iraq War Logs ; Associated Press (March 2003 ? April 2009): 110,600 For more information see Casualties of the Iraq War .
	* "injured, diseased, or other medical": required medical air transport. UK number includes "aeromed evacuations". ; Total excess deaths include all additional deaths due to increased lawlessness, degraded infrastructure, poorer healthcare, etc. ; * Violent deaths only ? does not include excess deaths due to increased lawlessness, poorer healthcare, etc.

?????:Campaignbox Iraq War ?????:Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars

???? ??? ^{[nb ?]} ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? 2003 ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? 151?000 ???? 1?033?000 ????? ???? ????? ?? 2011 ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? (????) ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ?? 2014 ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ^[??] ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? 2014 ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ^[??]

?????? 2002 ?? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ^[??] ???? ??? 20 ???? 2003 ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? " ???? ?? ??? " ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? 2007 ?? 170?000 ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ^[??] 2008 ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? 2011 ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ^[??]

?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ? ?????? 1990 ???? 1991 ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? " ?????? ????? " ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? (????? ??? ??) ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ? ? ^[??] ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? 2004 ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ^[??] ???? ?? WMD ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? WMD ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ^[??] ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ^[??] ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? 2016 ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ^[??] ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?

???? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? 2005 ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? 2006 ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? 2014 ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? 2014 ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????

???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ( ???? ?????? ?????)? ????? ?? ??????? 2004 ?? 2007 ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? 2014?2017 ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? 50 ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? 67?000 ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ? ^[??]^[??]^[??] ?????:Campaignbox Iraq War ?????:Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars

?? ???? [ ????? ]

1990 ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? 1991 ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? . ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????

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?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? (?? ??? ??? ??) ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ^[??] ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? 16 ????????? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?? ???? 1998 ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ^[??] ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????

?????? 1998 ?? ? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? "?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????" ?? ??? "???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 97 ???? ???? ?????? ??? "? ^[??] ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? 687 ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ^[??] ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???

??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? 2000 ?? ? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???. ?? 2000 ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? "?????" ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? "?? ??????? ????" ?? ??? ???? "???? ????" ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ? 11 ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ^[??]

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27 ????? 2001 ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????

??? ?? ?? ????? 2002 ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? "?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? " ^[??] ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ^[??] ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? 12 ????? 2002 ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ^[??] ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? 5 ????? 2002 ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? 2 ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? 75 ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??: "????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? - ???? 90? - ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????" "???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? " ^[??] ????? ??? ? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ^[??]

???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? 1441 ????? ???? ? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? "????? ?????" ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ^[??] ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ^[??]

??????? 1441 ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????? (UNMOVIC) ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?? 13 ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? UNMOVIC ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? IAEA ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? 2003 ?? ? IAEA ????? "???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???"? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ^[??] ???? 2003 ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ? ?? WMD ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???

?????? 2002 ?? ? ?????? ??????? ?? " ???? ???? ??????? " ????? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? "??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????" ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? 2003 ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? )? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???: 85? ?? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? 2003 ?? ? 64? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ^[??]

5 ????? 2003 ????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? "??? ???" ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ^[??] ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ???????? ? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ????? ? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????

???? 2003 ?? ? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? 17 ???? 2003 ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? 48 ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????

??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? 18 ???? 2003 ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? 412 ???? 149 ?? ????? ?????? ???? ^[??] ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? 1846 ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?

???? ???? ?????? [ ????? ]

?????? 2002 ?? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????: "?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? . . . ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? " ??????? ?? 209 ???? ????????? ????? ? 126 ?? 2002 ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??????? ????? ?? 50 ????? 29 ????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? "?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????"

??? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????: "???? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? " ^[??]

20 ????? 2003 ????? ? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? "?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??"? ^[??] ???? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ? 3 ????? ???? 12 ????? 2003 ?? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? 36 ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? 3?000 ???????? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? 15 ????? 2003 ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? "???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?" ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? "?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? [??] ???? ??? ???? ?? "?

????? 2003 ?? ? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? "??? ??? ????" ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? "?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? " ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? "???? ???? ???" ?? ? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???

????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? 2003 ?? 39 ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????: "???? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ! ":

???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? 16 ????? 2004 ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? "??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? "

The U.S. House of Representatives debating the use of military force with Iraq, October 8, 2002

????? 2008 ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? "???? ????? " ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? "???? ?? ???? ????" ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ????: "??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????" ??????? 2010 ?? ? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? "??? ??????" ???? ????? ???? - ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ? ?????? ????????? ^[??]

2003: ???? [ ????? ]

????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 10 ??????? 2002 ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ^[??] ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? (?? ??? ?? ??)? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????- ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????

?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ^[??] ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ^[??]^[??]

5:34 ??? ??? 20 ???? 2003 ????? ????? ?? ??? (9:34) ??? ? 19 ???? EST) ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ^[??] ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? 2003 ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? "?????? ????? ?????" ?? ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ? " ????? ???? ????? " ?? ??? ? ????????? ? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ???? 248?000 ???? ? 45?000 ??????? ???? ? 2?000 ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? 194 ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ?? ?????? 70?000 ???? ????? ????? ^[??]

???? ?????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? :

"First, ending the regime of Saddam Hussein. Second, to identify, isolate, and eliminate Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. Third, to search for, to capture, and to drive out terrorists from that country. Fourth, to collect such intelligence as we can relate to terrorist networks. Fifth, to collect such intelligence as we can relate to the global network of illicit weapons of mass destruction. Sixth, to end sanctions and to immediately deliver humanitarian support to the displaced and to many needy Iraqi citizens. Seventh, to secure Iraq's oil fields and resources, which belong to the Iraqi people. And last, to help the Iraqi people create conditions for a transition to representative self-government." ^[??]

?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ? ??????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?

???? ?? ?????? ?? 2007 ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? / ??????? ?? ????

?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? 3 ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? 15 ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? 16 ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ^[??]^[??]

?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? 1 ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? 1 (????) ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ^[??] ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ^[??] ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ^[??]

?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? 101 ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ? a ???? ???? ^[???] ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????-

9 ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? 24 ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? . ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ^[???] ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ^[???]

???????? ?? ????? ? 250,000 ?? ???? (230,000 ??) ( 650,000 ?? ???? (590,000 ??) ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????

??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? (19 ???? - 30 ?????) ? ?????? ?? ??? 9?200 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? 3?750 ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ? ^[???] ?????? ??? ?? 139 ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? 33 ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ^[???]

2003?2011: ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? [ ????? ]

2003: ???? ?? ???? [ ????? ]

???? ????? 29 ????? 2004 ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? 373 ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?

??? ??? 2003 ????? ? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? "??? ???????" ????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????

??? ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? "" ??? ???? "??? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?

??????? ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? (?????? ????? ?? "????? ????? ?????" ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????) ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? / ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? 35? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? 2006 ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? 73? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? (?? ???? ????? 80?) ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ^[???]

???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? (??? ?? ??) ? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ???????? ???? ?? (??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???) ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ( ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ) ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????

???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????

???? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 2003 ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? " ????? ??????? " ???? ??? ??? ? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????

?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???

?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? [ ????? ]

??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (CPA? ???? : ???? ???????? ??????? ) ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? 1483 (22 ??? 2003) ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? 21 ????? 2003 ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? 28 ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 2004?

?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? 11 ??? 2003 ?? ???? ??? ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? 16 ??? 2003 ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 1 ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??-???????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? 85?000 ???? 100?000 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ? 40?000 ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? "???? ?? ??????" ???? ???? ^[???] ????? ?? ??? 2004 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????

??? 2003 ?? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ^[???] ?? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? 2003 ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ? 18 ??? 2003 ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ^[???]

???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? 1?400 ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? (WMD) ?? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? 2004 ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ^[???]

????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? [ ????? ]

???? ???? 2003 ?? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? 22 ??????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? 101 ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? 20 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ( ???? ?? ??? ) ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? 300 ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?

?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? 13 ????? 2003 ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? 121 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???

???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? $20 billion ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???

???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ( ??? ??? ) ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???

2004: ???? ???? ??? [ ????? ]

?? ?? ?????? ???: ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ? 2004 ???? ?? ? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ???? (2003?11) ? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ??? 2004 ???? ???? ????

Footage from the gun camera of a U.S. Apache helicopter killing suspected Iraqi insurgents ^[???]

2004 ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? 2004 ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??. ^{??????? ????} ^{[
????? ???? ?????
]}

?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???

??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? 31 ???? 2004 ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? "???" ????? ??? ???: ????? 2004 ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?

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2004 ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???

2005: ???????? ?? ????? ????? [ ????? ]

31 ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???. ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? 4 ????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 15?000 ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? 70 ???? ???? ???? ????? 30 ?? ?????

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2005 ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ^[???]

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2005 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? 34?131 ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? 26?496 ?????? ?? ? ^[???]

2006: ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? [ ????? ]

2006 ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 22 ????? 2006 ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???

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10 ????? 2007 ?? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? 21?500 ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?? 1.2 ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ^[???] 23 ????? 2007 ????? ? 2007 ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ? ?? ?? "20?000 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????" ?? ????? ???????

10 ????? 2007 ????? ? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? - ???? (MNF-I) ? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? "?????" ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????

10 ??? 2007 ????? ? ????? ???????????? ?? 144 ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 3 ??? 2007 ????? ? ????? ???????? ?? 85 ???? 59 ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ^[???]

?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ^{??????? ????} 2007 ?? ????? ?? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? 441 ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? 2019 ?? ? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 2003 ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ^[???]

?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? [ ????? ]

10 ????? 2007 ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? "???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? 30?000 ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? [????? ?? ] ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???" ^[???] 13 ????? ????? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? 2007 ?? 5?700 ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? 2008 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? 2007 ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???

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???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? 2008 ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? 40 ???? 80 ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? 265 ?? ? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? 1?440 ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? 28 ???? ?? ????? 450 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????

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14 ???? 2007 ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? 800 ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? 100 ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ^[???]^[???]

13 ????? 2007 ????? ? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? " ????? ?????? " ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? "?? ?? ?? ?? "?" ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? "?????? ???? ????????" ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???

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17 ????? 2007 ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????

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2008 ?? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? 2008 ?? ????? 2007 ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? "???? ???? ?????? ???" ?? 80? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???? 2007 ?? ??? ???? ????? 904 ?? ?????? ?? 314 ??? ^[???]

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???? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ? "?????? ?? ????????" ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???: ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????

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??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? 12 ??? 2008 ?? ? ???? ?? "???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???" ????? ?? ????? ? "?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? '???? ???? ???? ???? ???????' ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????" ???? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ? "?? ??"?

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8 ????? 2008 ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? "??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?" ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ? "?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????"

??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????

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???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 47 ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? 16 ? ?? ??? ? 4 ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? 2008 ?? ? ???? ?? $34 billion ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? $12.5 billion ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? (?? ?? ????? ??? 16 ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ).

???? ?? 36 ??? 16 ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? 24 ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? 2 ??? 40 ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? 10 ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? 3 ??? ???? ?? ???? 400 ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? 1.5 ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? -130 ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? 2005 ???? 2008 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? 20 ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ^[???]

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?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? 4 ????? 2008 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ^[???] ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? 30 ??? 2009 ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? 31 ????? 2011 ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? 2009 ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? 2010 ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ^[???] ?? ?????? ?? 24 ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????

?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? "??? ???????? ???" ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????????

??? ????????? ?? "??????" ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? "?????" ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? 2011 ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? "???? ??? ???? ?????? ????" ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????

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???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???

2009: ????? ???? ????? [ ????? ]

???? ??? ???? ?????? [ ????? ]

??? ????? 2009 ????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? "??? ?????? ?? ??" ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ? "?? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????"

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31 ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ^[???]

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U.S. President Barack Obama delivering a speech at Camp Lejeune on 27 February 2009

27 ????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? 31 ???? 2010 ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? "????? ???" 2011 ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ? 2011 ?? ???? ?? 2014 ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????

?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? "???? ??? ????" ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????

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9 ????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? 6 ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? 5 ??????? (3.1 ???) ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??. ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ? ?? ??? ????

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30 ????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? "??????? ???? ?????" ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????

????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ? 28 ??????? ????? ? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????

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???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? [ ????? ]

30 ??? ?? 11 ????? 2009 ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? 1.40 ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ^[???] ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????

2010: ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? [ ????? ]

17 ????? 2010 ????? ? US ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? "?????? ??? ???" ???? ??? "?????? ????? ?????" ?? ??? ??? ???? ???

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20 ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? 15 ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? 26 ????? ???? ?? 52 ????? ???? ?????

???? 2010 ?? ??? ?? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? 12 ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? 51 ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?

???? 2010 ?? ??? ???? ? ????????? ?? .??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? 19 ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? to 50?000 ????? ?????? (????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????) ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 31 ????? 2011 ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????????

????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? "???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????"?

????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? "... ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????" 31 ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????

??? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? "????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? "? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? "??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????" ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? "?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? [????] ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? " ?????? ???? ?? "? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? "????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? "? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ? "??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??" ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ? "?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? "? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????

7 ????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????.

8 ????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ? 3d ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ^[???] 10 ???? 13 ????? ?? ? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ? 25 ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?

???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????

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?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? 2 ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? 113 ????? ???? ?? 250 ?? ???? ???? ?????

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?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????2010 ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? 13 ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? 140 ??? 1 ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? 13 ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ?? ?? 4.2 ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? 18 ??? 16 ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? 9 ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? 2011 ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? 16 ????? 2015 ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????

????? ????? ?? ?? 20 ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? 12 ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? 2013 ?? ???? ???? ??? ^[???] ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? 70 ???? $ ?? ? 2011 ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ^[???]

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2011: ?????? ????? [ ????? ]

????? ????? 2007 ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????

15 ????? 2011 ????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???

6 ??? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? 10 ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ^[???]

13 ??? 2011 ????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? IED ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????

26 ??? 2011 ????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????

29 ??? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? 2011 ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? 2009 ???? ???? ? 15 ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???

7 ??????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? IED ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? 145 ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? 116 ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? 24 ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? 20 ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ??????? 30 ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????

????? ?? ? ???? ?? 18 ??? ??? ????? ??? 16 ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? 16 ????? ????? ?? ??? 26 ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? 18 ???? ????? ?? 36 F-16s ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????

??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? 21 ?????? 2011 ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? 14 ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???

????? 2011 ?? ? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????

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???? ?????? ??? 18 ????? 2011 ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? 20?000 ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? 4?000 ???? 5000 ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???

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PLOS ?????? ?????	460?000 ????? ????? ????? 132?000 ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ^[???]	??? 2011
???? ????? ???? ????	?????? ???? 1?033?000 ?????? ?????	???? 2007
????? ????? ???	??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? 87?215 ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? </br> ????? 2005 ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? </br> ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? 20? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????????	????? 2005 ???? </br> ????? 2009
?????? ?????	110?600 ?????? ????? </br> ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? 2003?04 ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????	????? 2009
???? ???? ?????	105?052?114?731 ?????? ???? ????? </br> ?????? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? </br> 162?000 ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????	????? 2012
??? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???	109?032 ?????? ????? ????? ?? 66?081 ???? ????? ???	????? 2004 ???? </br> ????? 2009

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Gun camera footage of the airstrike of 12 July 2007 in Baghdad, showing the slaying of Namir Noor-Eldeen and a dozen other civilians by a U.S. helicopter

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????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? (??????? ??? ???????)? ) ?????: ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? Shosei ???? ? Fabrizio ?? ???????? (??????)? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ? ????????? ???????? ??????? (??????) ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? (?????) ) ??? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???
??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????
????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? 29 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? 25 ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ? ^[???]

??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? [ ????? ]

??? ???????? ???? [ ????? ]

???? 2003 ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? 76? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? 2003 ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ? 54 ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????

????? 2007 ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? 25 ????? ?? 26?000 ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? 73? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? 2007 ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????

2006 ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? "???????" ?? ?? - ??????? ?? - ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ^[???]

??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? 83? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? 68? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? 96? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? 70? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? 76? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ^[???] ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? 2006 ?? ????????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ? ????? ? ??? ? ??? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ? ????? ? ????????? ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ^[???]

????? ???? [ ????? ]

????? ??? ?? 5 ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????

???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ^[???] 2005 ?? 2007 ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? 31?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? 26?35? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ? ^[???]^[???]^[???] ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ? 60 ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ? 51? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? 2006 ?? ? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? 52 ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? 61? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? 2007 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? 82 ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????

???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? [ ????? ]

????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ^[???] ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? " ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????" ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? "???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??"? ^[???] ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? "???? ????" ????? ^[???]

???? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? 2004 ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? "????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????" ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? "????" ???? ??????? ?? "????? ???? ????" ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? 2005 ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? "?? ??????? ????? ? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? . . . ?????? ?? ?? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? "?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????" ?? 2006 ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ???? 16 ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?? "???? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? '??? ???????' ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? "

??? ???? ?????? [ ????? ]

????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? [ ????? ]

Origins of suicide bombers in Iraq 2003?2007
Nationality
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??????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ^[???]

??? ?? ??? ?? ????? [ ????? ]

???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? "?????" ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?

????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ^[???] ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ^[???]

????? ?? ????? [ ????? ]

????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? 150 ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ( IEDs ) ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? (EFPs) ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????

?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? 31 ????? 2007 ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? 11 ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?

2011 ?? ? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? "?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? a ?? ??????? ??? ????? - ?? ?? ???? 1?100 ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????"

????? 2019 ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? 1?300 ????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? "?? ?????? ???? 2018 ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? " ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? " ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ?????? ^[???]

??? ????? [ ????? ]

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↑ ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? 2003 ???? 2010 ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 2010?2011? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???

????? [ ????? ]

↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Elaheh Rostami-Povey, Iran's Influence: A Religious-Political State and Society in Its Region , pp. 130?154, Zed Books Ltd, 2010.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ?????:Cite av media
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ?????:Cite magazine
↑ Spencer C. Tucker (14 December 2015). U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror . ISBN 978-1-4408-3879-8 . “Al Qaeda in Iraq was decimated by the end of the Iraq War in 2011”
↑ Galbraith, Peter W. (2007). The End of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War Without End . Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9424-9 . ?????:Page needed
↑ " Iran expands regional 'empire' ahead of nuclear deal ". Reuters . 23 March 2015 . https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/23/us-mideast-iran-region-insight-idUSKBN0MJ1G520150323 .
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ "The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point" . Ctc.usma.edu . https://web.archive.org/web/20110826043422/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-jrtn-movement-and-iraq%E2%80%99s-next-insurgency . Retrieved on
? ???? ????.
↑ "Al-Qaeda's Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests" . U.S. Department of State. 5 February 2014 . https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/nea/rls/rm/221274.htm . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ (3 February 2010) The Military Balance 2010 . London: ?????? . ISBN 978-1-85743-557-3 . ?????:Page needed
↑ Rubin, Alissa J. ; Nordland, Rod (29 March 2009). " Troops Arrest an Awakening Council Leader in Iraq, Setting Off Fighting ". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/world/middleeast/29iraq.html?hpw . Retrieved on
?? ???? ????.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ The Brookings Institution Iraq Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-Saddam Iraq Archived 2 October 2007 at the ?? ??? ???? 1 October 2007
↑ Pincus, Walter. "Violence in Iraq Called Increasingly Complex" . ?? ??????? ???? , 17 November 2006.
↑ 260 killed in 2003, [?] 15,196 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009), [?] 67 killed in March 2009, [?] 1,100 killed in 2010, [?] and 1,067 killed in 2011, [?] thus giving a total of 17,690 dead
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ The US DoD and the DMDC list 4,505 US fatalities during the Iraq War. [?] [?] Archived 2022-03-29 at the ?? ??? ???? In addition to these, two service members were also previously confirmed by the DoD to have died while supporting operations in Iraq, [?] [?] but have been excluded from the DoD and DMDC list. This brings the total of US fatalities in the Iraq War to 4,507.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ "POW and MIA in Iraq and Afghanistan Fast Facts" . CNN . http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/30/world/pow-and-mia-in-iraq-and-afghanistan-fast-facts . Retrieved on
? ??? ????.
; As of July 2012, seven American private contractors remain unaccounted for. Their names are: Jeffrey Ake, Aban Elias, Abbas Kareem Naama, Neenus Khoshaba, Bob Hamze, Dean Sadek and Hussain al-Zurufi. Healy, Jack, " With Withdrawal Looming, Trails Grow Cold For Americans Missing In Iraq ", ??? ???? ????? , 22 May 2011, p. 6.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ 33 Ukrainians, [??] 31+ Italians, [??] [??] 30 Bulgarians, [??] [??] 20 Salvadorans, [??] 19 Georgians, [??] Archived 2011-05-13 at the ?? ??? ???? 18 Estonians, [??] 16+ Poles, [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] 15 Spaniards, [??] [??] [??] [??] 10 Romanians, [??] 6 Australians, [??] 5 Albanians, 4 Kazakhs, [??] 3 Filipinos, [??] and 2 Thais, [??] [??] Archived 2013-05-13 at the ?? ??? ???? for a total of 212+ wounded
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Many official U.S. tables at "Military Casualty Information" Archived 3 March 2011 at the ?? ??? ???? . See latest totals for injury, disease/other medical Archived 2 June 2011 at the ?? ??? ????
↑ "Casualties in Iraq" .
↑ ^??.? ^??.? iCasualties.org (was lunaville.org). Benicia, California. Patricia Kneisler, et al. , "Iraq Coalition Casualties" Archived 21 March 2011 at the ?? ??? ????
↑ ^??.? ^??.? "Defence Internet Fact Sheets Operations in Iraq: British Casualties" Archived 14 November 2006 at the ?? ??? ???? . UK Ministry of Defense. Latest combined casualty and fatality tables Archived 4 October 2012 at the ?? ??? ???? .
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ 185 in Diyala from June 2007 to December 2007, [??] 4 in assassination of Abu Risha , 25 on 12 November 2007, [??] 528 in 2008, [??] Archived 10 December 2016 at the ?? ??? ???? 27 on 2 January 2009, [??] 13 on 16 November 2009, Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). 15 in December 2009, [??] 100+ from April to June 2010, [??] [??] 52 on 18 July 2010, [??] [??] total of 1,002+ dead Archived 18 April 2009 at the ?? ??? ????
↑ Moore, Solomon; Oppel, Richard A. (24 January 2008). " Attacks Imperil U.S.-Backed Militias in Iraq ". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/24/world/middleeast/24sunni.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print .
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ [??] // comw.org
↑ ???? ?????? (28 October 2003). "New Study Finds: 11,000 to 15,000 Killed in Iraq War; 30 Percent are Non-Combatants; Death Toll Hurts Postwar Stability Efforts, Damages US Image Abroad" . Project on Defense Alternatives ( via Common Dreams NewsCenter ). Retrieved 2 September 2010. Archived 17 October 2006 at the ?? ??? ????
↑ Conetta, Carl (23 October 2003). "The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict ? Project on Defense Alternative Research Monograph #8" . Project on Defense Alternatives ( via Commonwealth Institute ). Retrieved 2 September 2010.
↑ 597 killed in 2003, [??] , 23,984 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009), [??] 652 killed in May 2004, [??] 45 killed in March 2009, [??] Archived 2009-09-03 at the ?? ??? ???? 676 killed in 2010, [??] and 590 killed in 2011, [??] thus giving a total of 26,544 dead
↑ "4,000 fighters killed, 'al-Qaida in Iraq' tape says." The Guardian. 28 September 2006.
↑ "Amnesty: Iraq holds up to 30,000 detainees without trial" . CNN. 13 September 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101023155150/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-09-13/world/iraq.detainees_1_detainees-iraqi-authorities-moussawi?_s=PM%3AWORLD . Retrieved on
? ????? ????.
↑ "Insurgent body count documents released." Stars and Stripes. 1 October 2007. Number of convictions not specified.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). (242 KB) . By Gilbert Burnham, Riyadh Lafta, Shannon Doocy, and Les Roberts. The Lancet , 11 October 2006
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). (603 KB) . By Gilbert Burnham, Shannon Doocy, Elizabeth Dzeng, Riyadh Lafta, and Les Roberts. A supplement to the October 2006 Lancet study. It is also found here: Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). [??]
↑ "Iraq Family Health Survey" New England Journal of Medicine 31 January 2008
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ "Iraq Family Health Survey" New England Journal of Medicine 31 January 2008
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Kim Gamel (23 April 2009). "AP Impact: Secret tally has 87,215 Iraqis dead" . Fox News . http://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2009Apr23/0,4675,MLIraqDeathToll,00.html . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.
↑ Gielink, Dirk; Maarten Buitenhuis; Rene Moelker (2007). "No Contractors on the Battlefield: The Dutch Military's Reluctance to Outsource". In Thomas Jager, Gerhard Kummel. Private Military and Security Companies: Chances, Problems, Pitfalls and Prospects . VS Verlag. p. 149. ISBN 978-3-531-14901-1 .
↑ Gordon, Michael; Trainor, Bernard (1 March 1995). The Generals' War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf . New York: Little Brown & Co. Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help )
↑ Collins, Dan. "Congress Says Yes To Iraq Resolution" . https://web.archive.org/web/20190823053520/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/congress-says-yes-to-iraq-resolution/ . Retrieved on
12 March 2019.
↑ Hanson, Victor Davis. "Iraq and Afghanistan: A tale of two surges" . https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iraq-and-afghanistan-a-tale-of-two-surges/ . Retrieved on
14 March 2019.
↑ "Unofficial Translation of U.S.-Iraq Troop Agreement from the Arabic Text" . https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24511081.html . Retrieved on
7 January 2019.
↑ "Raw Data: Text of Resolution on Iraq" . Associated Press. 25 March 2015 . https://www.foxnews.com/story/raw-data-text-of-resolution-on-iraq .
↑ "Cheney on torture report: Saddam Hussein 'had a 10-year relationship with al-Qaida'" (in en) . https://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2014/dec/14/dick-cheney/cheney-torture-report-saddam-hussein-had-10-year-r/ . Retrieved on
28 May 2019.
↑ L, Jonathan S.; Newspapers, ay-McClatchy. "Pentagon office produced 'alternative' intelligence on Iraq" (in en) . https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/special-reports/iraq-intelligence/article24461020.html . Retrieved on
21 April 2019.
↑ ?????:???? ??? Jervis, Robert (February 2006). Reports, Politics, and Intelligence Failures: The Case of Iraq . http://www.neuroscience-arena.com/journals/pdf/papers/FJSS_LR_3-52.pdf . Archived 2016-10-22 at the ?? ??? ????
↑ "Sir John Chilcot's public statement 6 July 2016" . http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20171123124608/http://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/the-inquiry/sir-john-chilcots-public-statement/ .
↑ "UN Casualty Figures for Iraq for the Month of August 2017" . http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=7865:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-august-2017&Itemid=633&lang=en .
↑ "Displacement in Iraq Exceeds 3.3 Million: IOM" . 23 February 2016 . https://www.iom.int/news/displacement-iraq-exceeds-33-million-iom .
↑ [??] 2,780,406 displaced and 2,844,618 returnees. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
↑ Zilinskas, Raymond A., "UNSCOM and the UNSCOM Experience in Iraq", Politics and the Life Sciences , Vol. 14, No. 2 (Aug. 1995), 230.
↑ Robert Fisk (18 December 2007). The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East . Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42871-4 . Digital copy, does not include page numbers.
↑ "Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate)" . Library of Congress. 31 October 1998 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080711034008/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c105%3AH.R.4655.ENR%3A . Retrieved on
25 May 2006.
↑ "Resolution 687 (1991)" . 8 April 1991 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060523015627/https://fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0687.htm . Retrieved on
25 May 2006.
↑ Bob Woodward (21 April 2004). Plan of Attack . Simon and Schuster. pp. 9 ?23. ISBN 978-0-7432-6287-3 . Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help )
↑ Woodward 2004, 1?3.
↑ Smith, Jeffrey R. "Hussein's Prewar Ties To Al-Qaeda Discounted" . The Washington Post , Friday, 6 April 2007; Page A01. Retrieved on 23 April 2007.
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?? ?????? ????.
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↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10715629
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Operation Hotel California, The Clandestine War inside Iraq, Mike Tucker and Charles Faddis, 2008.
↑ A Nation at War: Second Front; Allied Troops Are Flown Into Airfields In North Iraq, By C. J. Chivers, 24 March 2003
↑ A Nation at War: in the Field the Northern Front; Militants Gone, Caves in North Lie Abandoned By C. J. Chivers, 30 March 2003
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↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Keegan, John (2005). The Iraq War . Vintage Books. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-4000-7920-9 .
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↑ Keegan, 145.
↑ Keegan, 148-53.
↑ Gordon, Michael R. ; Trainor, Bernard E. (2006). Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq . Pantheon. p. 205 . ISBN 978-0-375-42262-1 .
↑ Keegan, 154-5.
↑ The Rachel Maddow Show . 18 August 2010, MSNBC
↑ "Stuff Happens" . Defenselink.mil . http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2367 . Retrieved on
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↑ Conetta, Carl (20 October 2003). "Research Monograph no. 8: The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict" . https://web.archive.org/web/20090831030201/http://www.comw.org/pda/0310rm8.html .
↑ "Operation Iraqi Freedom | Iraq | Fatalities By Nationality" . iCasualties. 28 May 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140201103247/http://www.icasualties.org/Iraq/Nationality.aspx?hndQry=UK .
↑ "iCasualties: Iraq Coalition Casualty Count ? Deaths by Province Year/Month" . Icasualties.org . https://web.archive.org/web/20080708203616/http://icasualties.org/oif/Province.aspx . Retrieved on
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↑ Sanchez, Wiser in Battle, p.185.
↑ "Reintegration of Regular [IRAQ] Army", DDR Tasks ? The Army, 3 July 2003 10:03 AM
↑ America vs. Iraq, 26 August 2013, National Geographic, Television Production, Documentary
↑ "Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq's WMD ? Central Intelligence Agency" . https://web.archive.org/web/20131002011819/https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd_2004/ .
↑ "Tape Shows Apache Pilots Firing on Iraqis" . ABC . http://abcnews.com/WNT/story?id=131481&page=1 . Retrieved on
?? ?????? ????.
↑ Thomas Ricks (2006) Fiasco : 398?405
↑ Thomas E. Ricks (2006) Fiasco, The American Military Adventure in Iraq . Penguin
↑ ^???.? ^???.? Thomas Ricks (2006) Fiasco : 413
↑ Thomas Ricks (2006) Fiasco : 414
↑ Killings shattered dreams of rural Iraqi families NBC News
↑ "President's Address to the Nation" . The White House. 10 January 2007 . https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/01/20070110-7.html .
↑ "Iraqi parliament wants say in extension of US-led forces" . 5 June 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110429195224/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1180960615762&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull .
↑ "No re-opening of Iraq war commission: Danish government" (in en-GB). 2 October 2019 . https://www.thelocal.dk/20191002/no-re-opening-of-iraq-war-commission-danish-government .
↑ Flaherty, A. (10 September 2007) "Petraeus Talks of Troop Withdrawal" Associated Press
↑ "icasualties.org" . https://web.archive.org/web/20080410070057/http://icasualties.org/oif/%28rb1qkx45ui3kpa55ngs5pj33%29/SumDetails.aspx?hndRef=6 .
↑ "Search goes on as Iraq death toll tops 250" The Guardian 15 August.
↑ "They won't stop until we are all wiped out" The Guardian 18 August 2007
↑ "AFP: Iraq takes control of Basra from British army" . AFP via Google. 15 December 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130527170051/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gW-7Ed_dRI4S2lsuyMWJ2-0GO7aw . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.
↑ HACAOGLU, SELCAN (10 October 2007). "Turkey Bombs Suspected Kurdish Rebels" . https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/10/AR2007101000393.html .
↑ ^???.? ^???.? "U.S. Deaths in Iraq Decrease in 2008" . Defenselink.mil . http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=52539 . Retrieved on
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↑ "Operation Mother of Two Springs" . 29 May 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100401092645/http://www.understandingwar.org/commentary/operation-mother-of-two-springs .
↑ "EU terror list" . http://www.statewatch.org/terrorlists/docs/EUterrorlist-May-06.pdf . Retrieved on
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↑ "U.S. terror list" . https://web.archive.org/web/20080220152305/https://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm .
↑ "Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation: U.S. Surges $11 Billion in Arms Sales to Iraq" . Armscontrolcenter.org. 6 August 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100713020435/http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/policy/iraq/articles/080708_us_surges_11_billion_in_arms_sales_to_iraq/ . Retrieved on
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↑ ^???.? ^???.? "Iraq presidential council endorses U.S. security pact" . Zawya.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20110511180133/http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidANA20081204T131005ZTKH99/Iraq%20presidential%20council%20endorses%20US%20security%20pact . Retrieved on
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↑ "White House: Iraq Status of Forces Agreement" . https://web.archive.org/web/20100527195513/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/infocus/iraq/SE_SOFA.pdf .
↑ "Gunmen kill Iraqi soldier south of Baghdad" . News.trend.az . https://archive.today/20120712005409/http://news.trend.az/index.shtml?show=news&newsid=1407389&lang=en . Retrieved on
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↑ "Iraq's Sadrists complain of vote fraud" . Middle-east-online.com. 7 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171010075648/http://www.middle-east-online.com/ENGLISH/?id=30269 . Retrieved on
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↑ "US report: Iraq of leading oil producers 2040" . 18 February 2014 . http://www.iraqidinar123.com/us-report-iraq-of-leading-oil-producers-2040/ . Retrieved on
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↑ "US : Al-Qaida in Iraq warlord slain" MSNBC, 20 April 2010
↑ "First U.S. Advise and Assist Brigade arrives under New Dawn" . U.S. Army. 8 September 2010 . http://www.army.mil/article/44837/first-us-advise-and-assist-brigade-arrives-under-new-dawn/ . Retrieved on
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↑ "US Navy Delivers Final Coastal Patrol Boat to Iraq" . U.S. Navy. 11 July 2013 . http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=75317 . Retrieved on
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↑ Anthony H. Cordesman; Sam Khazai (4 June 2014). Iraq in Crisis . Center for Strategic & International Studies. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-4422-2856-6 .
↑ "DOD Identifies Army Casualty" . U.S. Department of Defense. 12 March 2009 . http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14587 . Retrieved on
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↑ "US lowers flag to end Iraq war" . 15 December 2011 . https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/us-lowers-flag-to-end-iraq-war-6277340.html .
↑ DeFronzo, James (2012). "Impacts of the Iraq War". In Karl Yambert. The Contemporary Middle East (Third ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp. 210?211. ISBN 978-0-8133-4839-1 .
↑ Karouny, Mariam (4 September 2014). "How ISIS Is Filling A Government Vacuum In Syria With An 'Islamic State'" . Reuters . https://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/us_5763536?guccounter=2 .
↑ "Obama: U.S. underestimated rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria" . CBS News . https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-u-s-underestimated-rise-of-isis-in-iraq-and-syria/ . Retrieved on
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↑ Timm, Jane. "Fact check: Trump's right, ISIS did lose almost all its territory in Iraq and Syria" . NBC News . https://www.nbcnews.com/card/fact-check-trump-s-right-isis-did-lose-almost-all-n843111 . Retrieved on
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↑ "Violence in Iraq at Lowest Level in 10 years" . 4 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180822045957/http://www.cdobs.com/archive/featured/violence-in-iraq-at-lowest-level-in-10-years/ . Retrieved on
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↑ "Iraqi parliament votes to expel US troops ? awaits government approval" (in en-GB). 5 January 2020 . https://www.dw.com/en/iraqi-parliament-votes-to-expel-us-troops-awaits-government-approval/a-51892888 . Retrieved on
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↑ Hagopian, Amy (15 October 2013). Mortality in Iraq Associated with the 2003?2011 War and Occupation: Findings from a National Cluster Sample Survey by the University Collaborative Iraq Mortality Study .
↑ Vietnam war-eyewitness booksW.; Iraq and Vietnam: Differences, Similarities and Insights , (2004: Strategic Studies Institute)
↑ "Revealed: The Secret Cabal Which Spun for Blair," Sunday Herald , Neil Mackay, 8 June 2003
↑ War critics astonished as U.S. hawk admits invasion was illegal , The Guardian , 20 November 2003
↑ Top judge: U.S. and UK acted as 'vigilantes' in Iraq invasion , The Guardian , 18 November 2008
↑ "RAND Review | Summer 2003 ? Burden of Victory" . Rand.org . https://web.archive.org/web/20080927145512/http://www.rand.org/publications/randreview/issues/summer2003/burden.html . Retrieved on
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↑ Spy Agencies Say Iraq War Hurting U.S. Terror Fight , The Washington Post , 23 September 2006
↑ "Light Crude Oil (CL, NYMEX): Monthly Price Chart" . Futures.tradingcharts.com . http://futures.tradingcharts.com/chart/CO/M . Retrieved on
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↑ ??? ?????? ???? 15 March 2013
↑ Bilmes, Linda (26 March 2013). The Financial Legacy of Iraq and Afghanistan: How Wartime Spending Decisions Will Constrain Future National Security Budgets . . HKS Working Paper No. RWP13-006.
↑ Audit: U.S. lost track of $9 billion in Iraq funds Monday, 31 January 2005. CNN
↑ Mittal, Apoorva (17 July 2019). "US must maintain a strong diplomatic and military presence in Iraq to counter Iran's influence, experts say" . https://www.militarytimes.com/2019/07/17/us-must-maintain-a-strong-diplomatic-and-military-presence-in-iraq-to-counter-irans-influence-experts-say/ .
↑ Civilian mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq . 16 March 2013 . https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)62196-5/fulltext?code=lancet-site . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.
↑ UNHCR. "Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2015" . http://www.unhcr.org/576408cd7 . Retrieved on
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↑ "Global Views: Iraq's refugees", by R. Nolan, Foreign Policy Association Features, Resource Library, 12 June 2007.
↑ "Iraqi Refugee Processing Fact Sheet" . U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services . https://web.archive.org/web/20140314090120/http://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/refugees-asylum/refugees/iraqi-refugee-processing-fact-sheet . Retrieved on
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↑ "Off Target: The Conduct of the War and Civilian Casualties in Iraq" . https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/usa1203/4.htm . Retrieved on
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↑ "White phosphorus use by US-led coalition forces in Iraq condemned by humanitarian groups" (in en). 2017-06-14 . http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/white-phosphorus-us-led-coalition-forces-iraq-injuries-burn-muscle-bone-mosul-humanitarian-groups-a7789431.html . Retrieved on
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↑ EST, Tareq Haddad On 11/4/19 at 7:17 AM (2019-11-04). "White phosphorus melts children's flesh but no government wants to investigate?and the U.S. keeps using it, too" (in en) . https://www.newsweek.com/why-united-nations-not-investigating-alleged-white-phosphorus-attacks-1468042 . Retrieved on
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↑ "US fired depleted uranium at civilian areas in 2003 Iraq war, report finds" (in en). 2014-06-19 . http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/19/us-depleted-uranium-weapons-civilian-areas-iraq . Retrieved on
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↑ "The Controversy Surrounding Depleted Uranium Weapons" . http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2018/ph241/bernard2/ . Retrieved on
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↑ "Multi-National Force ? Iraq ? Additional Soldier charged with murder" . Mnf-iraq.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20070816140724/http://www.mnf-iraq.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12658&Itemid=128 . Retrieved on
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↑ Iraq bombing toll rises . The Age 2 July 2006
↑ A Face and a Name. Civilian Victims of Insurgent Groups in Iraq Archived 2020-09-02 at the ?? ??? ???? . ?????? ???? ?????? October 2005.
↑ The Weapons That Kill Civilians ? Deaths of Children and Noncombatants in Iraq, 2003?2008 by Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks, M.D., M.R.C.Psych., Hamit Dardagan, Gabriela Guerrero Serdan, M.A., Peter M. Bagnall, M.Res., John A. Sloboda, PhD, F.B.A., and Michael Spagat, PhD, The New England Journal of Medicine.
↑ Alex Rodriguez, Iraqi shrine blast suspect caught Archived 2013-04-02 at the ?? ??? ???? (paid archive), The Chicago Tribune 29 June 2006.
↑ "Supporters of Shia militia storm into US Embassy compound in Baghdad" (in en) . https://www.helensburghadvertiser.co.uk/news/18130111.supporters-shia-militia-storm-us-embassy-compound-baghdad/ . Retrieved on
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↑ "Guardian July Poll" . ICM Research. July 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080527234221/http://www.icmresearch.co.uk/pdfs/2006_july_guardian_july_poll.pdf .
↑ Zogby, James (March 2007). "Four Years Later: Arab Opinion Troubled by Consequences of Iraq War" . Arab American Institute . https://web.archive.org/web/20150128061143/http://www.aaiusa.org/page/-/Polls/2007_poll_four_years_later_arab_opinion.pdf .
↑ "India: Pro-America, Pro-Bush" . Pew Research Center. 28 February 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100508192741/http://pewglobal.org/commentary/display.php?AnalysisID=1002 .
↑ Most Iraqis in Baghdad welcome US: NDTV poll The Indian Express
↑ "The Iraqi Public on the U.S. Presence and the Future of Iraq" . World Public Opinion. 27 September 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160824163145/http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/pdf/sep06/Iraq_Sep06_rpt.pdf . Retrieved on
23 November 2008.
↑ Iraq Poll conducted by D3 Systems for the BBC, ABC News, ARD German TV and USA Today. More than 2,000 people were questioned in more than 450 neighbourhoods and villages across all 18 provinces of Iraq between 25 February and 5 March 2007. The margin of error is + or ? 2.5%.
↑ Iraqis Oppose Oil Development Plans, Poll Finds (6 August 2007) (Oil Change International, Institute for Policy Studies, War on Want, PLATFORM and Global Policy Forum)
↑ Office of the Federal Register (2010). Administration of George W. Bush, 2006: Book II, July 1 to December 31, 2006 . Public Papers of the Presidents . Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. p. 1542 .
↑ Bush, President George W. (9 September 2003). "A Central Front in the War on Terror" . The White House . https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/09/20030909.html .
↑ Gunaratna, Rohan (Summer 2004). The Post-Madrid Face of Al Qaeda .
↑ ????? ????: ?? ???? ??? ???? <ref> ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? suicide-bombers-in-iraq ????
↑ See also: Hafez, Mohammed M. Suicide Bomber in Iraq . United States Institute of Peace Press. ?????:??? ??? ?? ??? .
↑ Walt, Vivienne (19 December 2009). U.S. Companies Shut Out as Iraq Auctions Its Oil Fields . http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1948787,00.html . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.
↑ "TEN YEARS LATER: WHO WON THE IRAQ WAR, THE US OR CHINA?" (in en-US) . https://web.archive.org/web/20171028094647/http://www.rubincenter.org/2014/09/ten-years-later-who-won-the-iraq-war-the-us-or-china/ . Retrieved on
28 October 2017.
↑ South, Todd (4 February 2019). "Army's long-awaited Iraq war study finds Iran was the only winner in a conflict that holds many lessons for future wars" (in en-US) . https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2019/01/18/armys-long-awaited-iraq-war-study-finds-iran-was-the-only-winner-in-a-conflict-that-holds-many-lessons-for-future-wars/ . Retrieved on
6 February 2019.

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Bellavia, David (2007). House to House: An Epic Memoir of War . Simon & Schuster . ISBN 978-1-4165-7471-2 . Bellavia, David (2007). House to House: An Epic Memoir of War . Simon & Schuster . ISBN 978-1-4165-7471-2 . Bellavia, David (2007). House to House: An Epic Memoir of War . Simon & Schuster . ISBN 978-1-4165-7471-2 .
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Dexter Filkins (17 December 2012). "???? ????: ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???" . ??????? ? ?? ?? 76-81.
Gates, Robert M. (2014). Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War . New York: Alfred A. Knopf . ISBN 978-0-307-95947-8 . Gates, Robert M. (2014). Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War . New York: Alfred A. Knopf . ISBN 978-0-307-95947-8 . Gates, Robert M. (2014). Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War . New York: Alfred A. Knopf . ISBN 978-0-307-95947-8 . 318 ?????
Gordon, Michael R. (2006). Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq . Pantheon. ISBN 978-1-55778-232-8 . michael gordon cobra II. Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help ) Gordon, Michael R. (2006). Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq . Pantheon. ISBN 978-1-55778-232-8 . michael gordon cobra II. Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help ) Gordon, Michael R. (2006). Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq . Pantheon. ISBN 978-1-55778-232-8 . michael gordon cobra II. Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help )
Larson, Luke S. (2008). Senator's Son: An Iraq War Novel . Phoenix, Arizona: Key Edition Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-4499-6986-8 . Larson, Luke S. (2008). Senator's Son: An Iraq War Novel . Phoenix, Arizona: Key Edition Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-4499-6986-8 . Larson, Luke S. (2008). Senator's Son: An Iraq War Novel . Phoenix, Arizona: Key Edition Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-4499-6986-8 .
North, Richard (2009). Ministry of Defeat: The British War in Iraq 2003?2009 . Continuum Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4411-6997-6 . North, Richard (2009). Ministry of Defeat: The British War in Iraq 2003?2009 . Continuum Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4411-6997-6 . North, Richard (2009). Ministry of Defeat: The British War in Iraq 2003?2009 . Continuum Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4411-6997-6 .
Bruce R. Pirnie; Edward O'Connell (2008). Counterinsurgency in Iraq (2003?2006) . Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. ISBN 978-0-8330-4297-2 . Bruce R. Pirnie; Edward O'Connell (2008). Counterinsurgency in Iraq (2003?2006) . Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. ISBN 978-0-8330-4297-2 . Bruce R. Pirnie; Edward O'Connell (2008). Counterinsurgency in Iraq (2003?2006) . Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. ISBN 978-0-8330-4297-2 .
Thomas E. Ricks (2006). Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq . Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-103-5 . Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help ) Thomas E. Ricks (2006). Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq . Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-103-5 . Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help ) Thomas E. Ricks (2006). Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq . Penguin. ISBN 978-1-59420-103-5 . Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help )
????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? (2010) ???? ?? ????? ??: ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?????????: ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????:??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? 978-0-8122-4203-4 ?
??????? ? ???? ??? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ? "???? ????? ?? ? ???????? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? 2001-2003?" ???? ?? ???????? ????? / ???????? ??????????? ?????? (2019) 1 # 1: 1-29 ?? ????
A Bitter Legacy: Lessons of Debaathification in Iraq . International Center for Transitional Justice . https://www.ictj.org/publication/bitter-legacy-lessons-de-baathification-iraq .

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????? ??? ??? "???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????: 2013 ??????? 2003" . CMAJ 17 ????? 2013?
Mather-Cosgrove, Bootie. "The War with Iraq: Changing Views" . CBS News . https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-war-with-iraq-changing-views/ .

?????:Iraq War ?????:War on Terrorism ?????:Armed Iraqi groups in the Iraq War and the Iraq Civil War ?????:Middle East conflicts ?????:American conflicts ?????:Iraq topics ?????:United States topics ?????:US history ?????:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts ?????:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ?????:American conflicts

[55] ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? 2003 ???? 2010 ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 2010?2011? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???

[1] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

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[3] Elaheh Rostami-Povey, Iran's Influence: A Religious-Political State and Society in Its Region , pp. 130?154, Zed Books Ltd, 2010.

[4] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[YouTube-5] ?????:Cite av media

[6] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[7] ?????:Cite magazine

[8] Spencer C. Tucker (14 December 2015). U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror . ISBN 978-1-4408-3879-8 . “Al Qaeda in Iraq was decimated by the end of the Iraq War in 2011”

[9] Galbraith, Peter W. (2007). The End of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War Without End . Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9424-9 . ?????:Page needed

[10] " Iran expands regional 'empire' ahead of nuclear deal ". Reuters . 23 March 2015 . https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/23/us-mideast-iran-region-insight-idUSKBN0MJ1G520150323 .

[11] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[ctc.usma.edu-12] "The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point" . Ctc.usma.edu . https://web.archive.org/web/20110826043422/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-jrtn-movement-and-iraq%E2%80%99s-next-insurgency . Retrieved on
? ???? ????.

[13] "Al-Qaeda's Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests" . U.S. Department of State. 5 February 2014 . https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/nea/rls/rm/221274.htm . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.

[14] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[15] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[16] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[17] (3 February 2010) The Military Balance 2010 . London: ?????? . ISBN 978-1-85743-557-3 . ?????:Page needed

[18] Rubin, Alissa J. ; Nordland, Rod (29 March 2009). " Troops Arrest an Awakening Council Leader in Iraq, Setting Off Fighting ". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/world/middleeast/29iraq.html?hpw . Retrieved on
?? ???? ????.

[19] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[brookings-20] The Brookings Institution Iraq Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-Saddam Iraq Archived 2 October 2007 at the ?? ??? ???? 1 October 2007

[21] Pincus, Walter. "Violence in Iraq Called Increasingly Complex" . ?? ??????? ???? , 17 November 2006.

[22] 260 killed in 2003, [?] 15,196 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009), [?] 67 killed in March 2009, [?] 1,100 killed in 2010, [?] and 1,067 killed in 2011, [?] thus giving a total of 17,690 dead

[23] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[24] The US DoD and the DMDC list 4,505 US fatalities during the Iraq War. [?] [?] Archived 2022-03-29 at the ?? ??? ???? In addition to these, two service members were also previously confirmed by the DoD to have died while supporting operations in Iraq, [?] [?] but have been excluded from the DoD and DMDC list. This brings the total of US fatalities in the Iraq War to 4,507.

[25] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[26] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[27] "POW and MIA in Iraq and Afghanistan Fast Facts" . CNN . http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/30/world/pow-and-mia-in-iraq-and-afghanistan-fast-facts . Retrieved on
? ??? ????.
; As of July 2012, seven American private contractors remain unaccounted for. Their names are: Jeffrey Ake, Aban Elias, Abbas Kareem Naama, Neenus Khoshaba, Bob Hamze, Dean Sadek and Hussain al-Zurufi. Healy, Jack, " With Withdrawal Looming, Trails Grow Cold For Americans Missing In Iraq ", ??? ???? ????? , 22 May 2011, p. 6.

[defensecasualty-28] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[29] 33 Ukrainians, [??] 31+ Italians, [??] [??] 30 Bulgarians, [??] [??] 20 Salvadorans, [??] 19 Georgians, [??] Archived 2011-05-13 at the ?? ??? ???? 18 Estonians, [??] 16+ Poles, [??] [??] [??] [??] [??] 15 Spaniards, [??] [??] [??] [??] 10 Romanians, [??] 6 Australians, [??] 5 Albanians, 4 Kazakhs, [??] 3 Filipinos, [??] and 2 Thais, [??] [??] Archived 2013-05-13 at the ?? ??? ???? for a total of 212+ wounded

[mil-30] ??.? ^??.? Many official U.S. tables at "Military Casualty Information" Archived 3 March 2011 at the ?? ??? ???? . See latest totals for injury, disease/other medical Archived 2 June 2011 at the ?? ??? ????

[antiwarcasualties-31] "Casualties in Iraq" .

[icasualties-32] ??.? ^??.? iCasualties.org (was lunaville.org). Benicia, California. Patricia Kneisler, et al. , "Iraq Coalition Casualties" Archived 21 March 2011 at the ?? ??? ????

[ukcasualties-33] ??.? ^??.? "Defence Internet Fact Sheets Operations in Iraq: British Casualties" Archived 14 November 2006 at the ?? ??? ???? . UK Ministry of Defense. Latest combined casualty and fatality tables Archived 4 October 2012 at the ?? ??? ???? .

[34] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[dol.gov-35] ??.? ^??.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[projects.propublica.org-36] ??.? ^??.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[37] 185 in Diyala from June 2007 to December 2007, [??] 4 in assassination of Abu Risha , 25 on 12 November 2007, [??] 528 in 2008, [??] Archived 10 December 2016 at the ?? ??? ???? 27 on 2 January 2009, [??] 13 on 16 November 2009, Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). 15 in December 2009, [??] 100+ from April to June 2010, [??] [??] 52 on 18 July 2010, [??] [??] total of 1,002+ dead Archived 18 April 2009 at the ?? ??? ????

[38] Moore, Solomon; Oppel, Richard A. (24 January 2008). " Attacks Imperil U.S.-Backed Militias in Iraq ". The New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/24/world/middleeast/24sunni.html?_r=1&pagewanted=print .

[39] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[40] [??] // comw.org

[41] ???? ?????? (28 October 2003). "New Study Finds: 11,000 to 15,000 Killed in Iraq War; 30 Percent are Non-Combatants; Death Toll Hurts Postwar Stability Efforts, Damages US Image Abroad" . Project on Defense Alternatives ( via Common Dreams NewsCenter ). Retrieved 2 September 2010. Archived 17 October 2006 at the ?? ??? ????

[42] Conetta, Carl (23 October 2003). "The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict ? Project on Defense Alternative Research Monograph #8" . Project on Defense Alternatives ( via Commonwealth Institute ). Retrieved 2 September 2010.

[43] 597 killed in 2003, [??] , 23,984 killed from 2004 through 2009 (with the exceptions of May 2004 and March 2009), [??] 652 killed in May 2004, [??] 45 killed in March 2009, [??] Archived 2009-09-03 at the ?? ??? ???? 676 killed in 2010, [??] and 590 killed in 2011, [??] thus giving a total of 26,544 dead

[44] "4,000 fighters killed, 'al-Qaida in Iraq' tape says." The Guardian. 28 September 2006.

[cnn1-45] "Amnesty: Iraq holds up to 30,000 detainees without trial" . CNN. 13 September 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101023155150/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-09-13/world/iraq.detainees_1_detainees-iraqi-authorities-moussawi?_s=PM%3AWORLD . Retrieved on
? ????? ????.

[46] "Insurgent body count documents released." Stars and Stripes. 1 October 2007. Number of convictions not specified.

[lancetOct2006-47] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). (242 KB) . By Gilbert Burnham, Riyadh Lafta, Shannon Doocy, and Les Roberts. The Lancet , 11 October 2006

[Lancet_supplement-48] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). (603 KB) . By Gilbert Burnham, Shannon Doocy, Elizabeth Dzeng, Riyadh Lafta, and Les Roberts. A supplement to the October 2006 Lancet study. It is also found here: Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). [??]

[49] "Iraq Family Health Survey" New England Journal of Medicine 31 January 2008

[50] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[51] "Iraq Family Health Survey" New England Journal of Medicine 31 January 2008

[52] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[53] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[54] Kim Gamel (23 April 2009). "AP Impact: Secret tally has 87,215 Iraqis dead" . Fox News . http://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2009Apr23/0,4675,MLIraqDeathToll,00.html . Retrieved on
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[Gielink_2007_149-56] Gielink, Dirk; Maarten Buitenhuis; Rene Moelker (2007). "No Contractors on the Battlefield: The Dutch Military's Reluctance to Outsource". In Thomas Jager, Gerhard Kummel. Private Military and Security Companies: Chances, Problems, Pitfalls and Prospects . VS Verlag. p. 149. ISBN 978-3-531-14901-1 .

[gen-57] Gordon, Michael; Trainor, Bernard (1 March 1995). The Generals' War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf . New York: Little Brown & Co. Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help )

[58] Collins, Dan. "Congress Says Yes To Iraq Resolution" . https://web.archive.org/web/20190823053520/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/congress-says-yes-to-iraq-resolution/ . Retrieved on
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[60] "Unofficial Translation of U.S.-Iraq Troop Agreement from the Arabic Text" . https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24511081.html . Retrieved on
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[63] L, Jonathan S.; Newspapers, ay-McClatchy. "Pentagon office produced 'alternative' intelligence on Iraq" (in en) . https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/special-reports/iraq-intelligence/article24461020.html . Retrieved on
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[64] ?????:???? ??? Jervis, Robert (February 2006). Reports, Politics, and Intelligence Failures: The Case of Iraq . http://www.neuroscience-arena.com/journals/pdf/papers/FJSS_LR_3-52.pdf . Archived 2016-10-22 at the ?? ??? ????

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[67] "Displacement in Iraq Exceeds 3.3 Million: IOM" . 23 February 2016 . https://www.iom.int/news/displacement-iraq-exceeds-33-million-iom .

[68] [??] 2,780,406 displaced and 2,844,618 returnees. Retrieved 2 January 2018.

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[Fisk2007-70] Robert Fisk (18 December 2007). The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East . Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42871-4 . Digital copy, does not include page numbers.

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[72] "Resolution 687 (1991)" . 8 April 1991 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060523015627/https://fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0687.htm . Retrieved on
25 May 2006.

[Woodward2004Chap1-73] Bob Woodward (21 April 2004). Plan of Attack . Simon and Schuster. pp. 9 ?23. ISBN 978-0-7432-6287-3 . Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored ( help )

[74] Woodward 2004, 1?3.

[75] Smith, Jeffrey R. "Hussein's Prewar Ties To Al-Qaeda Discounted" . The Washington Post , Friday, 6 April 2007; Page A01. Retrieved on 23 April 2007.

[76] "President Delivers State of the Union Address" . https://web.archive.org/web/20090502151928/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html .

[77] Vox, 9 July 2016, "No, Really, George W. Bush Lied about WMDs"

[78] George W. Bush, "President's Remarks at the United Nations General Assembly: Remarks by the President in Address to the United Nations General Assembly, New York City", official transcript, press release, ???? ???? , 12 September 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2007.

[ShafferJ2memo-79] Shaffer, Glen (5 September 2002). "Iraq: Status of WMD Programs" . https://web.archive.org/web/20160424014613/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2697361-Myers-J2-Memo.html . Retrieved on
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[80] The Independent, 15 Dec. 2006 "Diplomat's Suppressed Document Lays Bare the Lies behind Iraq War"

[81] "France threatens rival UN Iraq draft" . ?? ?? ?? ???? , 26 October 2002. Retrieved on 23 April 2007

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[83] "Statements of the Director General" . IAEA. 6 March 2003 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060903185204/http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Statements/2003/ebsp2003n006.shtml . Retrieved on
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[86] Division No. 117 (Iraq) . https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030318/debtext/30318-47.htm . Retrieved on
?? ?????? ????.

[87] LaRepubblica, (it]

[88] "Press conference of Foreign Affairs Minister Dominique de Villepin (excerpts)" . Embassy of France in the U.S. 20 January 2003 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060927144309/http://www.ambafrance-us.org/news/statmnts/2003/vilepin012003.asp . Retrieved on
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[cleggpmq-89] ttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10715629

[operation1-90] ??.? ^??.? Operation Hotel California, The Clandestine War inside Iraq, Mike Tucker and Charles Faddis, 2008.

[91] A Nation at War: Second Front; Allied Troops Are Flown Into Airfields In North Iraq, By C. J. Chivers, 24 March 2003

[92] A Nation at War: in the Field the Northern Front; Militants Gone, Caves in North Lie Abandoned By C. J. Chivers, 30 March 2003

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[MajPeltier-94] MAJ Isaac J. Peltier. "Surrogate Warfare: The Role of U.S. Army Special Forces" . U.S. Army. p. 29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090211141158/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=%2Fp4013coll3&CISOPTR=363 . Retrieved on
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[97] Carney, Stephen A. (2011). Allied Participation in Operation Iraqi Freedom . United States Army Center of Military History . pp. 10, 98.

[98] Keegan, 145.

[99] Keegan, 148-53.

[100] Gordon, Michael R. ; Trainor, Bernard E. (2006). Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq . Pantheon. p. 205 . ISBN 978-0-375-42262-1 .

[101] Keegan, 154-5.

[102] The Rachel Maddow Show . 18 August 2010, MSNBC

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[104] Conetta, Carl (20 October 2003). "Research Monograph no. 8: The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict" . https://web.archive.org/web/20090831030201/http://www.comw.org/pda/0310rm8.html .

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[107] Sanchez, Wiser in Battle, p.185.

[108] "Reintegration of Regular [IRAQ] Army", DDR Tasks ? The Army, 3 July 2003 10:03 AM

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[112] Thomas Ricks (2006) Fiasco : 398?405

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[116] Killings shattered dreams of rural Iraqi families NBC News

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[122] "Search goes on as Iraq death toll tops 250" The Guardian 15 August.

[123] "They won't stop until we are all wiped out" The Guardian 18 August 2007

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[125] HACAOGLU, SELCAN (10 October 2007). "Turkey Bombs Suspected Kurdish Rebels" . https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/10/AR2007101000393.html .

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[136] "US : Al-Qaida in Iraq warlord slain" MSNBC, 20 April 2010

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[154] Spy Agencies Say Iraq War Hurting U.S. Terror Fight , The Washington Post , 23 September 2006

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[156] ??? ?????? ???? 15 March 2013

[157] Bilmes, Linda (26 March 2013). The Financial Legacy of Iraq and Afghanistan: How Wartime Spending Decisions Will Constrain Future National Security Budgets . . HKS Working Paper No. RWP13-006.

[158] Audit: U.S. lost track of $9 billion in Iraq funds Monday, 31 January 2005. CNN

[159] Mittal, Apoorva (17 July 2019). "US must maintain a strong diplomatic and military presence in Iraq to counter Iran's influence, experts say" . https://www.militarytimes.com/2019/07/17/us-must-maintain-a-strong-diplomatic-and-military-presence-in-iraq-to-counter-irans-influence-experts-say/ .

[lancet2013-160] Civilian mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq . 16 March 2013 . https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)62196-5/fulltext?code=lancet-site . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.

[161] UNHCR. "Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2015" . http://www.unhcr.org/576408cd7 . Retrieved on
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[162] "Global Views: Iraq's refugees", by R. Nolan, Foreign Policy Association Features, Resource Library, 12 June 2007.

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[166] EST, Tareq Haddad On 11/4/19 at 7:17 AM (2019-11-04). "White phosphorus melts children's flesh but no government wants to investigate?and the U.S. keeps using it, too" (in en) . https://www.newsweek.com/why-united-nations-not-investigating-alleged-white-phosphorus-attacks-1468042 . Retrieved on
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[bbcpoll-180] Iraq Poll conducted by D3 Systems for the BBC, ABC News, ARD German TV and USA Today. More than 2,000 people were questioned in more than 450 neighbourhoods and villages across all 18 provinces of Iraq between 25 February and 5 March 2007. The margin of error is + or ? 2.5%.

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[suicide-bombers-in-iraq-185] ????? ????: ?? ???? ??? ???? <ref> ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? suicide-bombers-in-iraq ????

[186] See also: Hafez, Mohammed M. Suicide Bomber in Iraq . United States Institute of Peace Press. ?????:??? ??? ?? ??? .

[187] Walt, Vivienne (19 December 2009). U.S. Companies Shut Out as Iraq Auctions Its Oil Fields . http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1948787,00.html . Retrieved on
?? ????? ????.

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