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??? ???? 1998? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? 2000? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? 2007? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????

?????? ????? [ ????? ]

???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ( ^[??]%98) ??? ?? ^[??] ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? (??????? ^[??] %1) ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? 98 ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ^[??] ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????

?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 20 ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????

???? [ ????? ]

???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ^[??] ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ^[??] ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? (???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??) ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????

????? [ ????? ]

1958? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? 14 ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? 6 ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? 1991? ?? 6 ???? 16 ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????

6 ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? 6 ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????8 ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? 10 ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????

????? [ ????? ]

↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). Translation by the University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic."
↑ Arabic, Tunisian Spoken . Ethnologue (19 February 1999). Retrieved on 5 September 2015.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? ????? ????: ?? ???? ??? ???? <ref> ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? CIA ????
↑ (2014) Political and Constitutional Transitions in North Africa: Actors and Factors . Routledge, 4. ISBN 978-1-317-59745-2 .
↑ Choudhry, Sujit; Stacey, Richard (2014) "Semi-presidential government in Tunisia and Egypt" Archived 2016-02-02 at the ?? ??? ???? . International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? 1918?1939 Cahiers du CERES??????? 1969???? ????96
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ^??.? ^??.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
↑ ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??
↑ Borg and Azzopardi-Alexander Maltese (1997:xiii) "The immediate source for the Arabic vernacular spoken in Malta was Muslim Sicily, but its ultimate origin appears to have been Tunisia. In fact Maltese displays some areal traits typical of Maghrebine Arabic , although during the past eight hundred years of independent evolution it has drifted apart from Tunisian Arabic."
↑ Gabsi, Zouhir (2003) 'An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia)' [?] Archived 2008-05-26 at the ?? ??? ????

?????? ??? [ ????? ]

???? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????? :
	?????? ?????? ???
	?????? ????? ????? ???
	???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???
	???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???
	????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???
	???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???
	???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???

?????:????????? ????

?????:????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? : 34°N 9°E / 34°N 9°E / 34; 9

???????? ????? ? ??????: ????

???????? ????? ? ??????: ?????

?????? ?? ???

[art4-1] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[art1-2] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value). Translation by the University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic."

[3] Arabic, Tunisian Spoken . Ethnologue (19 February 1999). Retrieved on 5 September 2015.

[4] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[5] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[6] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[7] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[CIA-8] ?.? ^?.? ^?.? ????? ????: ?? ???? ??? ???? <ref> ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? CIA ????

[9] (2014) Political and Constitutional Transitions in North Africa: Actors and Factors . Routledge, 4. ISBN 978-1-317-59745-2 .

[10] Choudhry, Sujit; Stacey, Richard (2014) "Semi-presidential government in Tunisia and Egypt" Archived 2016-02-02 at the ?? ??? ???? . International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Retrieved 7 January 2016.

[ins-11] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[imf2-12] ??.? ^??.? ^??.? ^??.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[13] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[HDI-14] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[iana-15] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[16] ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? 1918?1939 Cahiers du CERES??????? 1969???? ????96

[17] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[cia.gov-18] ??.? ^??.? Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[19] Lua error in ??????:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).

[20] ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??

[21] Borg and Azzopardi-Alexander Maltese (1997:xiii) "The immediate source for the Arabic vernacular spoken in Malta was Muslim Sicily, but its ultimate origin appears to have been Tunisia. In fact Maltese displays some areal traits typical of Maghrebine Arabic , although during the past eight hundred years of independent evolution it has drifted apart from Tunisian Arabic."

[22] Gabsi, Zouhir (2003) 'An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia)' [?] Archived 2008-05-26 at the ?? ??? ????

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