?????? ??????? ?????
(
?????????
:
Container ship
) ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??, ?? ???? ???? ??? ????-???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????-??? ???? ?? ???-???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???-??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???
??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???-???? ?? ????? ????? (??.?.??.) ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? 20 ???? ??? 40-???? (2-?????) ?????-??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??, ???? ???? ??????? ???
???, ????? ?? ???? ???? 90% ???-??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? 23,000 ??.?.??.? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???
??? ????????
??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???
?????? ????
[
????
]
???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? 2009 ?? ??????, ???????? ?? ??????? 25,866,000 ????? ?? ???, ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??, ?????? ???? ???? ??, ???? ???? ?? ???? 3 ???, ???????? ????, ??????? 6 ???, ?????? 8 ??? ??? ??????? 9 ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?? South???? 5 ??? ???? '?? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?? 7 ??? ????' ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? 9,743,290 ????? ??? 10 ??? ???? '?? ????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 2009 ???? 220,905,805 ????? ?? ??????? ????, ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 465,597,537 ??.?.???
[1]
?????? ??? ??????? ?????????
[
????
]
?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? 2,000 ??? 10,000 ?????? ?????? ??,
[2]
????? ???? 370 ?????? ???? ???
[3]
?? ??? 2008 ??? 2013 ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? 1,679
[4]
???????? ????? ?????? '?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???
[5]
???? ?????? ????? ????? ??, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? - ??? ??? "??????? ????" ?????? ???
[6]
??? ??? ?????? ???, ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???
??????? ????
??
??????? ???????
?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? $100 ?????? ?? ???? ? ???? ???
[7]
?????
[
????
]
- ↑
UNCTAD, 2010, p.97.
- ↑
Janice Podsada (19 June 2001).
"Lost Sea Cargo: Beach Bounty or Junk?"
. National Geographic News
. Retrieved
2008-04-08
.
- ↑
Hauke Kite?Powell.
Benefits to maritime commerce from ocean surface vector wind observations and forecasts
Archived
2021-03-20 at the
Wayback Machine
.
NOAA
, December 2008. Accessed: 26 February 2011.
- ↑
Survey Results for Containers Lost At Sea ? 2014 Update
Archived
2020-11-08 at the
Wayback Machine
., June 2014. Accessed: 16 August 2019.
- ↑
"Freak waves spotted from space"
.
BBC News
. 22 July 2004
. Retrieved
6 October
2009
.
- ↑
Sources of Marine Debris
NOAA
. Retrieved: 25 November 2010.
- ↑
Pirates cost Maersk 100 million
(in Danish)
Børsen
, 22 February 2011. Accessed: 24 February 2011. Quote:
I reckon that our expense due to piracy is at least 100 million dollars