???????
???????? ??????? ??? ??????
???
??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? UTC ??????? ????? ???????? ?
[?]
?? ???????? ?????
[
????????
]
UTC ????? "????? ???(atomic time)", ???? ?????? (cesium)? ??????? ???????-???????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????, ?,???,??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?
???????? ?? ??? ???? ??,??? ??????? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ????? ??,???,??? ????? ??? ? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????
???????
,
??????
? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??’?????? ??,??? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???,??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???? ??? ??:??:???? ????? ??:??:???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??:??:???? ??:??:?? ????? ????????? ? ????? ? ????? ???????? ??:??:???? ?????? ?
[?]
[?]
??????????? ??????
[
????????
]
????????????? ????? ??????????
????
|
??? ??
|
???????? ??
|
1972
|
+1
|
+1
|
1973
|
0
|
+1
|
1974
|
0
|
+1
|
1975
|
0
|
+1
|
1976
|
0
|
+1
|
1977
|
0
|
+1
|
1978
|
0
|
+1
|
1979
|
0
|
+1
|
1980
|
0
|
0
|
1981
|
+1
|
0
|
1982
|
+1
|
0
|
1983
|
+1
|
0
|
1984
|
0
|
0
|
1985
|
+1
|
0
|
1986
|
0
|
0
|
1987
|
0
|
+1
|
1988
|
0
|
0
|
1989
|
0
|
+1
|
1990
|
0
|
+1
|
1991
|
0
|
0
|
1992
|
+1
|
0
|
1993
|
+1
|
0
|
1994
|
+1
|
0
|
1995
|
0
|
+1
|
1996
|
0
|
0
|
1997
|
+1
|
0
|
1998
|
0
|
+1
|
1999
|
0
|
0
|
2000
|
0
|
0
|
2001
|
0
|
0
|
2002
|
0
|
0
|
2003
|
0
|
0
|
2004
|
0
|
0
|
2005
|
0
|
+1
|
2006
|
0
|
0
|
2007
|
0
|
0
|
2008
|
0
|
+1
|
2009
|
0
|
0
|
2010
|
0
|
0
|
2011
|
0
|
0
|
2012
|
+1
|
0
|
2013
|
0
|
0
|
2014
|
0
|
0
|
2015
|
+1
|
0
|
????
|
??? ??
|
???????? ??
|
??????
|
11
|
??
|
??
|
?????? TAI ? UTC
|
??
(???? ??? ??????)
|
?????? ???????????????? ???? ????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?
[?]
??????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????/ ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?
[?]
??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?
[?]
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