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ISO 3166-2	AST
License plate	01, Z
???????	www .gov .kz /memleket /entities /astana?lang=kk

??????? ( ????????? : Nur-Sultan / ? n ??r s ? l ? t ?ː n / ; ^[?]) ???????????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?

?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? ? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?

?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ? ? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????, ????? ??? ????? ??????? ^[?]^[?]^[??] ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?

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????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ???????, ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ? ? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ?

?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ^[??] ????? ? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ?.? ??????? ????? ? ? ^[??]

??????? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

↑ ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? Pospelov 1993 , ?????. 24?25.
↑ "The history of Astana" , Akimat of Astana, ?? ????? ???? , ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?
↑ , ? ??? ???? http://www.stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT223629 , ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? |title= ???? ( ?????? ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ????
↑ "Postal Code for Astana, Kazakhstan" , Postal Codes Database , ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?
↑ "Kazakhstan Country Codes" , CountryCallingCodes.com , ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?
↑ "ISO Subentity Codes for Kazakhstan" , GeoNames.org , ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?
↑ "Nursultan" , Merriam-Webster Dictionary , ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?
↑ Steven Lee Myers (?? ??????? ????), "Kazakhstan’s Futuristic Capital, Complete With Pyramid" , The New York Times , ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?
↑ "Astana, the futuristic frontier of architecture" , The Guardian, ? ????? ???? , ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?
↑ Daisy Carrington (?? ????? ????), "Astana: The world's weirdest capital city" , CNN , ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?
↑ "Astana celebrates 16th anniversary as Kazakhstan's capital" , Tengrinews.kz, ? ????? ???? , ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?
↑ "Poverty in Kazakhstan: Causes and Cures" (PDF), UNDP Kazakhstan, ??? ??? ? ????? ????-?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ? |deadurl= ?????????? ????? ???? ( ?????? )

?? ??? ?????????? [ ??????? ????????? ]

[FOOTNOTEPospelov199324–25-1] ?.? ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? Pospelov 1993 , ?????. 24?25.

[The_history_of_Astana-2] "The history of Astana" , Akimat of Astana, ?? ????? ???? , ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?

[The_population_of_Astana-3] , ? ??? ???? http://www.stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT223629 , ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? |title= ???? ( ?????? ) ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ????

[4] "Postal Code for Astana, Kazakhstan" , Postal Codes Database , ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?

[5] "Kazakhstan Country Codes" , CountryCallingCodes.com , ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?

[6] "ISO Subentity Codes for Kazakhstan" , GeoNames.org , ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?

[MerWeb-7] "Nursultan" , Merriam-Webster Dictionary , ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?

[8] Steven Lee Myers (?? ??????? ????), "Kazakhstan’s Futuristic Capital, Complete With Pyramid" , The New York Times , ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?

[9] "Astana, the futuristic frontier of architecture" , The Guardian, ? ????? ???? , ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?

[10] Daisy Carrington (?? ????? ????), "Astana: The world's weirdest capital city" , CNN , ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?

[11] "Astana celebrates 16th anniversary as Kazakhstan's capital" , Tengrinews.kz, ? ????? ???? , ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?

[12] "Poverty in Kazakhstan: Causes and Cures" (PDF), UNDP Kazakhstan, ??? ??? ? ????? ????-?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ? |deadurl= ?????????? ????? ???? ( ?????? )

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