Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.
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italik
menandakan bahawa ia secara umumnya tidak diakui oleh antarabangsa sebagai sebuah
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, meskipun berjaya menubuhkan perkhidmatan aktif udara.
Untuk Ivory Coast, sila lihat
Cote d'Ivoire
di atas.
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Ditubuhkan
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Perkhidmatan
Nama asli
Kini
Dahulu
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Romania
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Tentera Udara Romania
For?ele Aeriene Romane
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1989
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1985-1989
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Air Force of the Socialist Republic of Romania
For?ele Aeriene ale Republicii Socialiste Romania
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1965-1985
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For?ele Aeriene ale Republicii Populare Romane
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1964-1965
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For?ele Aeriene ale Republicii Populare
Romine
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1954-1964
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Air Force of the People's Republic of Romania
For?ele Aeriene ale Republicii Populare Romane
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1947-1954
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1944-1947
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Royal Air Force of Romania
For?ele Aeriene Regale ale Romaniei
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1941-1944
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Romanian Royal Aeronautics
Aeronautica Regal? Roman?
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1915-1941
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Rusia
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[[Image:|23px]]
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Tentera Udara Rusia
[64]
Военно-воздушные cилы России
Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily Rossii
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1991
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Tentera Udara Soviet
Военно-воздушные силы
Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily
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[[Image:|23px| ]]
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1918-1991
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Tentera Udara Imperial Rusia
Императорский военно-воздушный флот
Pre-reform Russian:Императорскiй военно-воздушный флотъ
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1910-1917
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Penerbangan Tentera Laut Rusia
Авиация Военно-Морского Флота
Aviatsiya Voyenno-Morskogo Flota
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1991
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Rwanda
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Tentera Udara Rwanda
Force Aerienne Rwandaise
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1972
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- ^
Operations resumed in 2002, but the new name may not have been applied until the after the 2003 defense reforms were promulgated.
- ^
As they continued the fight against the
Taliban
, the
Mujahideen
leaders individually retained the trappings of elements of the Islamic State of Afghanistan. Most of the country's military aircraft not captured by the Taliban were retained by factions remaining aligned with former President
Burhanuddin Rabbani
. These groups would later form the '
United Islamic Front
', which is more commonly known as the 'Northern Alliance'.
- ^
Little is known about the
Taliban
regime's air force establishment.
- ^
The pro-Soviet regime collapsed in late April 1992 and was succeeded by the UN-sponsored government, the "Islamic State of Afghanistan", led by
Burhanuddin Rabbani
until overthrown by the
Taliban
in September 1996.
- ^
Soviet Union-installed regime.
- ^
Official establishment occurred in 1924, but the AMAA received its first aircraft in 1921 (aside from some captured in 1919).
- ^
As in most cases, Argentina's air arms began as an Army formation. Following a period of service unification, the Army Aviation Command was reformed on 27 November 1956, but did not gain independence from the Air Force until 3 November 1959.
- ^
Date first aircraft obtained; the Barbados Defence Force itself was established in 1979.
- ^
Preceded by
RAAF
squadrons 18, 119 and 120 (1942-1946) and
RAF
squadrons 320, 321 and 322 (1940-1945).
- ^
Preceded by
RAF
Squadrons 349 and 350 (1942-1946).
- ^
The indicated roundel was introduced in 1937 - according to Иван Бориславов и Румен Кирилов, "Самолетите на България", част втора, София, 1996, стр. 246-253 (in Bulgarian; in English: Ivan Borislavov and Rumen Kirilov, "The Airplanes of Bulgaria", part two, Sofia, 1996, pages 246-253).
- ^
After the First World War in accordance with the
Treaty of Neuilly
Bulgaria lost the right to own military air force and because of this from 1920 to 1937 its air force operated as a part of the Bulgarian civil administration - according to Иван Бориславов и Румен Кирилов, "Самолетите на България", част първа, София, 1996, стр. 62-81 (in Bulgarian; in English: Ivan Borislavov and Rumen Kirilov, "The Airplanes of Bulgaria", part one, Sofia, 1996, pages 62-81).
- ^
The indicated version of the German Cross was slightly modified and introduced in 1915 as most widespread Bulgarian aviation sign during the First World War along with the less employed
St. Andrew's Cross
- according to Иван Бориславов и Румен Кирилов, "Самолетите на България", част втора, София, 1996, стр. 246-253 (in Bulgarian; in English: Ivan Borislavov and Rumen Kirilov, "The Airplanes of Bulgaria", part two, Sofia, 1996, pages 246-253).
- ^
Initially operated balloons. In 1912 Bulgaria received its first airplane Bleriot XXI, with which on 13 August 1912 Simeon Petrov flew to become the first Bulgarian to pilot an airplane over Bulgaria.
- ^
The KPAF's name was changed to "Cambodian People's Air Force" in 1989, following the restoration of the nation's former name of Cambodia. In 1992, the PKAF was briefly resurrected as the "State of Cambodia Air Force", but it never actually became operational under that title.
- ^
The Vietnamese invasion of 1979 resulted in the forcible disbandment of the AFKLA; formation of a successor force did not begin until 1984.
- ^
The Cape Verde Coast Guard received its first aircraft in November 1992; its actual date of formation is unknown at this time.
- ^
The
Fuerza Aerea de Chile
was briefly named
Fuerza Aerea Nacional
in 1930.
- ^
The year 1919, when its first aircraft were received, is the traditional establishment date of Chile's
Aviacion Naval
(the name by which it is still popularly referred); however, it was not officially established and recognized as a branch within the Navy until 1923.
- ^
When Chile's unified national air force was dissolved in 1953, the Army did not regain an air arm of its own. Disappointment with this outcome led to the founding of the
Club Aereo del Personal del Ejercito
(Army Personnel Aero Club) in 1959. Although never formally established as an air arm, it nevertheless served as an important and foundational predecessor to the modern CAEC.
- ^
The NFG was formed in the summer of 1949 for the air defense of Beijing, but was replaced by the PLAAF in November of that year.
- ^
On 28 February 1930, the Red Army captured a Nationalist Chinese O2U-4 Corsair reconnaissance aircraft that had been forced to land due to having run out of fuel; given a red star and named after Lenin, it was later used against the Nationalist government. This may have been the first aircraft in the Red Army. Small numbers of captured aircraft were also used against the Japanese during
World War II
, but the first regular Communist Chinese air force would be organized as the
Nanyuan Flying Group
in 1949.
- ^
Also known as
Congo-Brazzaville
.
- ^
Republik Demokratik Congo
(DRC), also known as
Congo-Kinshasa
.
- ^
Although Costa Rica established its air force in 1947, it did not begin flying operations until 1948.
- ^
The
Kroatische Luftwaffen Legion
was a
World War II
German
Luftwaffe
unit formed from Croatian volunteers on 2 June 1941, and had a fighter and a bomber squadron. The fighter squadron was designated
15.(Kroatische)/JG 52
, and served on the Eastern Front from 6 October 1941 until July 1944. The bomber squadron was designated
15.(Kroatische)/KG 53
, and served on the Eastern Front from 25 October 1941 until December 1942.
- ^
Full formal name is the Cuban Air Defense and Revolutionary Air Force (
Defensa Anti-Aerea y Fuerza Aerea Revolucionaria
).
- ^
Established by
Fidel Castro
in 1958, but operations with a captured
Aviacion Naval
aircraft began the previous year.
- ^
Split off from the Cuban air force in 1934, but remerged in 1952 reorganization.
- ^
Army aviation was resurrected from 1971-2003 as
Hærens Flyvetjeneste
(HFT) ? Royal Danish Army Flying Service. Now placed under the Air Force as Squadron 724.
- ^
In early 1948, Army aviation became an independent and separate service as the Dominican Military Aviation Corps (DMAC)
El Cuerpo de Aviacion Militar Dominicana (CAMD/AMD)
. The Army regained an air arm of its own in 2001.
- ^
At the beginning of 1951, the Navy was authorized to establish its own aviation arm, but it was absorbed into the Air Force the following year
. The Navy regained an air arm of its own in 2003.
- ^
Includes the Dubai Defence Force Air Wing (formed 1971); Abu Dhabi Army Air Wing (formed 1968); and Abu Dhabi Air Force (formed 1972).
[
perlu rujukan
]
- ^
Official date of integration of the several emirate air arms, but actual integration took many years.
- ^
In 1943, 'Sonderstaffel Buschmann' was redesignated
Aufklarungsgruppe 127
(AGr 127) and became a regular unit of the German
Luftwaffe
. On 18 October 1943, AGr 127 was divided into two units,
See-Aufklarungsgruppe 127
and
Nachtschlachtgruppe 11
- ^
'Sonderstaffel Buschmann' was a German
Luftwaffe
auxiliary unit for coastal patrol. It was formed on 12 February 1942.
- ^
The Ethiopian Air Force effectively ceased to exist in 1991, following the victory of the
Eritrean People's Liberation Front
(EPLF) in the civil war; it was reestablished in 1995.
- ^
The national flag is used as a fin flash.
- ^
The Gambia formed the nucleus of an air force in 2002 and sent personnel to the Ukraine for a four-year pilot training course. The Gambia bought its first aircraft, a single
Su-25
from
Georgia
in the first half of 2003. However, by 2007, the government had yet to announce its air force's formal establishment.
- ^
Also uses a low-visibility roundel:
- ^
Flank roundel:
- ^
Conglomerate of the
Aviazione della Regia Marina
and
Corpo Aeronautico Militare
. Tailfin insignia (click to enlarge):
, flank roundel (click to enlarge):
- ^
Tailfin insignia (click to enlarge):
- ^
Tailfin insignia (click to enlarge):
- ^
(Itali)
Baldassare Catalanotto, Hugo Pratt,
In un cielo lontano : 70 anni di aeronautica militare
. Lizard editore, 1993.
ISBN 88-86456-01-8
- ^
Patterned on the
US Air Force
.
- ^
Also used the
Imperial Japanese Navy
's ensign:
- ^
Former ROKAF roundel - used until 2000s (clik to enlarge):
- ^
For some time LPLAAF also used this roundel (clik to enlarge):
(
www.acig.org
)
- ^
The communist
Pathet Lao
insurgents operated their own small air arm from 1960-1975; it became part of the LPLAAF.
- ^
Following a failed attempt at a
coup d'etat
, the
Kong Le
rebel faction also briefly operated a small air arm from 1960-1963, when it was re-incorporated into the RLAF.
- ^
Luxembourg has no air force of its own, but
NATO
-owned aircraft are operated under Luxembourg registration.
- ^
The Malawi Young Pioneers (MYP) was a paramilitary adjunct of the League of Malawi Youth activist organization of the ruling
Malawi Congress Party
(MCP). Established in 1963, the first militarily trained cadres appeared in 1964, and the MYP obtained aircraft beginning in 1970.
- ^
a
b
From 1958-1961, the Egyptian and Syrian air forces were unified as the
United Arab Republic Air Force
.
- ^
Although founded in 1926, aircraft were not supplied until the following year.
- ^
On the flanks are used also the national flag, it seems to be used also this roundel:
- ^
The red variant of
soyombo
roundel reported
[1]
:
- ^
Includes
Royal New Zealand Navy
aircraft as
No. 6 Squadron
and formerly
No. 6 Squadron
.
- ^
Also included
RAF
squadrons 75 and 485-490 during
World War II
.
- ^
There is also the alternate version:
- ^
Pertubuhan Negara-Negara Caribbean Timur
- ^
"Paraguayan Air Arms"
. Diarkibkan daripada
yang asal
pada 2009-05-08
. Dicapai pada
2009-10-25
.
- ^
"Paraguay Naval Aviation"
. Diarkibkan daripada
yang asal
pada 2008-01-29
. Dicapai pada
2009-10-25
.
- ^
A new tricolour star has been reported since 2007 on several planes and helicopters:
militaryphotos.net
,
airliners.net
:
- ^
The Serbian-Montenegrin union of Yugoslavia was dissolved in 2006 and the former nation's military assets were divided between them.
- ^
After
World War I
, Serbia was united with other Balkan states into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
- ^
Finflash (click to enlarge):
- ^
Some units customize their roundels, painting in white inside, their own symbol or motto.
- ^
Merged with Swedish Air Force 2003
- ^
Information on the organization of Chinese military aviation prior to 1925, when the
Kuomintang
began establishing its Aviation Bureaus around China, is very spotty as many records have been lost during the conflicts raging from 1931-1949 and the subsequent
Cultural Revolution
; in fact, during most of these earlier years, China fielded multiple air forces, most being the personal air arms of various warlords ? some allied with the national government and some not. During
World War II
(which began for the Chinese with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931), the Japanese established a number of puppet governments, several of which were permitted to field small air forces.
- ^
Although a formal aviation arm was not stood up until 1979, the ROC Army created an Aviation Section for each of its two corps and an Aviation Platoon for its General Headquarters in 1956.
- ^
Russia provided Tajikistan with several helicopters in 1993 and began to organize an indigenous air force by no later than 1994; however, most sources express doubts as to its operational effectiveness.
- ^
Although some aircraft were obtained after independence in 1960 and further aircraft were supplied by France in 1963, the air force was not formally established until 1964.
- ^
However, Tunisia's first aircraft were not obtained until 1960.
- ^
a
b
Formerly part of the Royal Air Force.
- ^
Aviacion Militar Bolivariana - Paladin del Espacio Soberano
- ^
Preceded and supported by
RAF
squadrons 310-313 (1940-1946) and the
Soviet Air Force
's 1st Czech Fighter Regiment
[
perlu rujukan
]
.
- ^
The Manchukuo Air Transport Company served as a para-military airline which performed transport and reconnaissance missions for Japanese military forces.
- ^
Until the fifties was in use the single bordered star, also painted on the flanks (click to enlarge):
- ^
Montenegro voted to secede from the FRY in 2006 and the union with Serbia was dissolved, with FRY military assets being divided between the (now) two nations.
- ^
Preceded by the
Partizanska Eskadrila NOVJ
and
RAF
squadrons 351 and 352 (the RAF Balkan Air Force, 1942-1945)
Senarai berkaitan dengan penerbangan
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