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????????????????????? ???? ???????

???????????, ??? ????????? ???????????.
( List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine ???? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????)

??????????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ???? ???????.

???????? [ ????????? ]

???? ???????????? 1901 ???? ??????????????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? [1] . [2]

???? ??? ?????? ??????
1901 ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? "???? ??????? ??????????????????????" [3]
1902 ??????? ???? ????????? "??????? ????????????????????? ??????????????" [4]
1903 ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? "??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????????" [5]
1904 ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? "???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????" [6]
1905 ???????? ???? ??????? "???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????????" [7]
1906 ?????? ????? ?????? "?????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????????????" [8]
?????????? ????? ???? ???????
1907 ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? "??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????????" [9]
1908 ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???? "?????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????" [10]
??? ?????????? ???????
1909 ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? "???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????????" [11]
1910 ????????? ??????? ??????? "?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? " [12]
1911 ???? ???????????? ?????? "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye " [13]
1912 ????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????????? ???????????????? [14]
1913 ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? [15]
1914 ???????? ????? ????? / ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? [16]
1915 ????????? ????
1916
1917
1918
1919 ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? [17]
1920 ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? [18]
1921 ????????? ????
1922 ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? [19]
????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????????? [19]
1923 ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? [20]
??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????
1924 ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?.??.??. ?????????????? " [21]
1925 ????????? ????
1926 ????????? ?????????? ??????????? "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma " [22]
1927 ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica " [23]
1928 ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? [24]
1929 ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? [25]
?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ????????????" [25]
1930
??? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? [26]
1931 ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? [27]
1932 ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????????????? [28]
?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????
1933 ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? [29]
1934 ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? [30]
????? ????????? ???????? ????????
?????? ???? ???? ????????
1935 ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????? [31]
1936 ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? [32]
????? ???? ??????? 1903: ???????? 1946: ????????
1937 ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? [33]
1938 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? [34]
1939 ?????? ???????? ??????? "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil " [35]
1940 ????????? ????
1941
1942
1943 ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? "????? ?? ????????????????" [36]
???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? "????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????????" [36]
1944 ????? ???????? ???????? "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres " [37]
????????? ??????? ???? ????????
1945 ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????? "????????? ????????????????" [38]
?? ?????? ????? ??????? / ?????????
?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? / ?????????
1946 ???????:Hermann Joseph Muller.jpg ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation " [39]
1947 ??? ??????????? ???? ????????????????? / ???????? "??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????" [40]
??????? ????? ???? ????????????????? / ????????
??????? ????????? ???? ???????? "?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ??????????????" [40]
1948 ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? "??. ??. ????. ??????????????" [41]
1949 ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? "???????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ??????????????" [42]
????????? ?????? ????????? "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses" [42]
1950 ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? "??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????" [43]
???????:Edward Calvin Kendall nobel.jpg ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????
???????? ??????????? ??????? / ????????????????
1951 ?????? ???? ?????????????? / ???????????????? "?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????????" [44]
1952 ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? , 1916: ???????? "????????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????" [45]
1953 ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? / ????????? "???????? ????? ??????? ??????????????" [46]
?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? / ???????? "??-????? ? ??????????????" [46]
1954 ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????? "?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????????" [47]
????????? ??????? ??????? ????????
???????:Thomas Huckle Weller.jpg ????? ?????? ?????? ????????
1955 ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? "????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????" [48]
1956 ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? , 1941: ???????? "???????????? ?????????????? ??????????????" [49]
????? ????????? ?????? ???????
????????? ??????????? ????????
1957 ?????? ???????? ???????????????? / ?????? "??????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????" [50]
1958 ???????:George Wells Beadle.jpg ????? ????? ????? | ???????? "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" [51]
???????:Edward Lawrie Tatum nobel.jpg ???????? ???? ???????? ????????
?????? ????????? ???????? "??????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????????" [51]
1959 ???????:Severo Ochoa nobel.jpg ?????? ?????? ??????? / ???????? "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid " [52]
???? ???????? ????????
1960 ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance " [53]
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? / ?????????
1961 ????? ??? ????? ????? "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea " [54]
1962 ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" [55]
??????? ???? ?????? ????????
?????? ???????? ???????????? / ?????????
1963 ???????:Eccles lab.jpg ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane " [56]
??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????
?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
1964 ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? / ???????? "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism " [57]
??????? ???? ?????? ???????
1965 ????????? ??????? ??????? "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis " [58]
??????? ???? ???????
??????? ?????? ???????
1966 ?????? ???? ???????? "for his discovery of tumour -inducing viruses " [59]
???????:Charles Brenton Huggins nobel.jpg ????? ??. ?????? ???? / ???????? "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer " [59]
1967 ?????? ?????????? ????????? 1940: ?????? "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye " [60]
????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????
????? ????? ????????
1968 ???????:Robert W. Holley nobel.jpg ???????? ???? ???????? "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis " [61]
?? ???????? ????? ?????? 1966: ????????
????? ????????? ????????
1969 ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? / ???????? "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses " [62]
???????? ????? | ????????
??????? ????? ?????? / ????????
1970 ??????? ????? ???? ???????? "??????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? " [63]
???? ??? ????? ??????
?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? 1941: ?????????
1971 ?? ???????. ?????????? ???????? "???????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????" [64]
1972 ??????? ??. ??????? ???????? "?????????????? ?????? ??????????????" [65]
?????? ??. ??????? ?????????
1973 ??? ??? ?????? ???????? "?????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????" [66]
??????? ?????? ????????
?????????? ???????? ????????????
1974 ???????? ?????? ??????? "?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????????]]" [67]
???????????? ?? ?????? ???????
????? ?. ??????? ??????? 1952: ????????
1975 ?????? ?????????? ???????? "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell" [68]
?????????? ???????? ?????? / ????????
??????? ???????? ????? ????????
1976 ??????? ???. ???????? ???????? "???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????? " [69]
?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????
1977 ???? ????????? ??????? 1965: ???????? "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain " [70]
?????? ?????? ???? ????????
??????? ???? ???????? "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones " [70]
1978 ????? ???? ???????????????? "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics " [71]
?????? ?????? ????????
????????? ?. ???????? ????????
1979 ??? ??. ??????? ?????????????? 1966: ???????? "for the development of computer assisted tomography " [72]
???????? ??. ?????????? ?????????
1980 ????? ????????? ????????? 1943: ???????? "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions " [73]
??? ???????? ???????
????? ??. ????? ????????
1981 ???? ?????? ???????? "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres " [74]
?????? ?????. ?????? ???? "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system " [74]
????????? ??. ???? ??????
1982 ????? ???????????? ?????? "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances" [75]
????? ?. ??????? ??????
??? ??. ????? ?????????
1983 ????? ????????????? ???????? "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements " [76]
1984 ????? ??. ??? ??????????? "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies " [77]
????? ??. ???. ???? ?????? ???????
???? ?????????? ????????
1985 ??????? ???. ????? ???????? "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism " [78]
????? ??. ???????????? ????????
1986 ????????? ???? ???????? ; "for their discoveries of growth factors " [79]
????? ???? ?????? / ????????
1987 ???????:Tonegawa (2).jpg ?????? ??????? ?????? "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity" [80]
1988 ?? ??????? ???????. ?????????? ????????? "??????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????????" [81]
????????? ???????. ????? ????????
????? ?????. ?????????? ????????
1989 ??. ??????? ????? ???????? "????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????" [82]
??????? ?. ?????? ????????
1990 ????? ?. ???? ???????? "?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????????????" [83]
?. ???? ????? ????????
1991 ????? ???? ??????? "?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????" [84]
??????? ????????? ???????
1992 ???????? ?????. ???? ???????????????? / ???????? ; "??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????????" [85]
?????? ??. ???????? ????????
1993 ????????? ??. ???????? ????????? "?????????? ?????? ??????????????" [86]
???????? ?. ????? ????????
1994 ??????? ??. ?????? ???????? "??-???????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????" [87]
???????? ??????? ????????
1995 ???????? ??. ?????? ???????? "??????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????" [88]
????????????? ?????????-???????? ???????
????? ???. ?????? ????????
1996 ?????? ??. ????????? ?????????? "?????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????????????" [89]
????? ??. ?????????? ????????????????
1997 ????????? ??. ???????? ???????? "???????????? ????????????" [90]
1998 ???????? ?????????? ???????? "????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????" [91]
???? ??. ??????? ????????
?????? ?????? ????????
1999 ????? ???? ??????? 1987: ???????? "???????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????" [92]
2000 ?????? ????? ?????? "?????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????]]" [93]
??? ?????????? ????????
????? ??. ?????? ????????
2001 ???????? ?????. ?????????? ???????? "?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????" [94]
??. ???????? ????? ?????????
Sir ??? ??. ????? ?????????
2002 ?????? ??????? | ?????????????? "??????????????????????? (Programmed Cell Death) ???????? ?????????????????'" [95]
?????. ???????? ??????????? ????????
??? ?. ???????? ?????????
2003 ??? ???????? ???????? "??. ??. ?. ?????????? ????????????????" [96]
Sir ?????? ?????????? ?????????
2004 ????????? ????? ???????? "??????????? ??????????? ????????????????" [97]
???? ??. ????? ????????
2005 ???? ??. ????? ?????????? "?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ????????????" [98]
??. ????? ???? ??????????
2006 ?????? ??? ???????? "??. ??. ?. ??????????? ??????????????" [99]
???????? ??. ?????? ????????
2007 ????? ?????????? ?????? / ???????? ; "??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????." [100]
Sir ???????? ?????? ?????????
????? ?????????? ????????? / ????????
2008 ?????? ??? ???? ??????? "??????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????????" [101]
?????? ??????? "??????? ????????? ????????????" [101]
???????? ???????????? ???????
2009 ??????? ?????. ??????????? ???????? ?????????? "???????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????" [102]
Carol W. Greider ????????
Jack W. Szostak ????????
2010 Robert G. Edwards ????????? "or the development of in vitro fertilization" [103]
2011 Bruce A. Beutler ???????? "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" [104]
Jules A. Hoffmann ???????
Ralph M. Steinman ???????? "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"" [104]
2012 [Sir John B. Gurdon]] England "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent" [105]
Shinya Yamanaka Shinya Yamanaka ??????
2013 James E. Rothman ???????? "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells" [106]
Randy W. Schekman ????????
Thomas C. Sudhof ????????
2014 John O'Keefe ???????? Engalnd "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" [107]
May-Britt Moser Norway
Edvard I. Moser Norway
2015 William C. Campbell ireland ???????? "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites" [108]
Satoshi ?mura Japan
Youyou Tu china "for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria" [108]
2016 ???????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????. [109]

?????? [ ????????? ]

  1. ↑ "All Nobel Laureates in Medicine" . Nobelprize.org . Retrieved 2008-10-06 .
  2. ↑ "All Nobel Laureates in Medicine" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-27 .
  3. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1901" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  4. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1902" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  5. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1903" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  6. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1904" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  7. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1905" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  8. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1906" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  9. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1907" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  10. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1908" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  11. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1909" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  12. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1910" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  13. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1911" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  14. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1912" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  15. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1913" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  16. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1914" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  17. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1919" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  18. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1920" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1922" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  20. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1923" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  21. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1924" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  22. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1926" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  23. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1927" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  24. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1928" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1929" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  26. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1930" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  27. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1931" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  28. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1932" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  29. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1933" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  30. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1934" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  31. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1935" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  32. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1936" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  33. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1937" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  34. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1938" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  35. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1939" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1943" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  37. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1944" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  38. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1945" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  39. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1946" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1947" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  41. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1948" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1949" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  43. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1950" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  44. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1951" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  45. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1952" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1953" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  47. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1954" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  48. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1955" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  49. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1956" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  50. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1957" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1958" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  52. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1959" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  53. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1960" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  54. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1961" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  55. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1962" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  56. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1963" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  57. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1964" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  58. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1965" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1966" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  60. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1967" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  61. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1968" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  62. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1969" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  63. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1970" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  64. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1971" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  65. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1972" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  66. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1973" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  67. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1974" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  68. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1975" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  69. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1976" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1977" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  71. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1978" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  72. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1979" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  73. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1980" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1981" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  75. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1982" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  76. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1983" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  77. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1984" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  78. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1985" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  79. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1986" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  80. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1987" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  81. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1988" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  82. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1989" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  83. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1990" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  84. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1991" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  85. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1992" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  86. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1993" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  87. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1994" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  88. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1995" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  89. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1996" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  90. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1997" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  91. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1998" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  92. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 1999" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  93. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2000" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  94. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2001" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  95. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2002" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  96. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2003" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  97. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2004" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  98. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2005" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  99. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2006" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-07-28 .
  100. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2007" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2007-10-08 .
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2008" . ???? ???????? . Retrieved 2008-10-06 .
  102. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2009" . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2016-05-22 .
  103. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2010" . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2016-05-22 .
  104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2011" . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2016-05-22 .
  105. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2012" . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2016-05-22 .
  106. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2013" . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2016-05-22 .
  107. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2014" . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2016-05-22 .
  108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2015" . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2016-05-22 .
  109. ↑ "??????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ???????, 2016" . Nobel Foundation . Retrieved 2016-10-04 .

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