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https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun

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??????????? ???????	Forerunner of demography , historiography , cultural history , philosophy of history , sociology , social sciences , and modern economics . Developed theories of Asabiyyah and the rise and fall of civilizations .
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???????????????????? Al-Maqrizi , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Robert Flint , Taha Hussein , Arnold J. Toynbee , Ernest Gellner , Franz Rosenthal , Franz Oppenheimer , Arthur Laffer , Fernand Braudel , social scientists

?????? ???????????? ?????????? ^[1] ??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ^{[2] [3]} ????? ????? ( ???? 27 , 1332 ? ??????? 19 , 1406?? ). ??? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??-?????? (??????:??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????) ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????. ?????????? , ?????????? ??????????? , ????????? ??????? , ????????????????? , ???? ??????? , ??????????????? , ????? ?????????? , ??????? ??????????? , ?????????? , ?????????? , ???????? ????????? , ?????? (?????? ??:?????????? ???????) ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????????????? ????? ?????.

?? ????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????????. ???????? ???????? ^[4] , ?????????? ??????? ^[5] , ????? ??????? ^{[6] [7]} , ?????? ???????????? ^[8] ?????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ^[9] ?????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ^{[7] [10] [11]} . ??????? ??????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ^{[12] [13]} , ???????????????????? ? ????? ??????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????. "??????? ???" ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? " ???????? "? ???? ??????????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????????.

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1. ↑ Adem, Seifudein (2004). "Decolonizing Modernity Ibn-Khaldun and Modern Historiography" (PDF) . International Seminar on Islamic Thought. pp. 570?587 [580?1]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-16 . Retrieved 2008-09-19 .
2. ↑ Liat Radcliffe, Newsweek ( cf. The Polymath by Bensalem Himmich , The Complete Review).
3. ↑ Marvin E. Gettleman and Stuart Schaar (2003), The Middle East and Islamic World Reader , p. 54, Grove Press , ISBN 0-8021-3936-1 .
4. ↑ H. Mowlana (2001). "Information in the Arab World", Cooperation South Journal 1 .
5. ↑ Mohamad Abdalla (Summer 2007). "Ibn Khaldun on the Fate of Islamic Science after the 11th Century", Islam & Science 5 (1), p. 61-70.
6. ↑ Salahuddin Ahmed (1999). A Dictionary of Muslim Names . C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-356-9 .
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} Enan, Muhammed Abdullah (2007). Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Works . The Other Press . p. v. ISBN   9839541536 .
8. ↑ Dr. S. W. Akhtar (1997). "The Islamic Concept of Knowledge", Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture 12 (3).
9. ↑ L. K. Jha, K. N. Jha (1998). "Chanakya: the pioneer economist of the world", International Journal of Social Economics 25 (2-4), p. 267-282.
10. ↑ I. M. Oweiss (1988), "Ibn Khaldun, the Father of Economics", Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses , New York University Press , ISBN 0-88706-698-4 .
11. ↑ Jean David C. Boulakia (1971), "Ibn Khaldun: A Fourteenth-Century Economist", The Journal of Political Economy 79 (5): 1105-1118.
12. ↑ Smith, Jean Reeder; Smith, J.; Smith, Lacey Baldwin (1980). Essentials of World History . Barron's Educational Series. p.  20 . ISBN   0812006372 .
13. ↑ Akbar Ahmed (2002). "Ibn Khaldun’s Understanding of Civilizations and the Dilemmas of Islam and the West Today", Middle East Journal 56 (1), p. 25.

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• Ibn Khaldun on In Our Time at the BBC . ( listen now )

• Rosenthal, Franz (2008) [1970?80]. "Ibn Khald?n" . Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography . Encyclopedia.com. {{ cite encyclopedia }} : Invalid |ref=harv ( help )
• Complete Muqaddimah/Kitab al-Ibar in English (without Chapter V, 13)
• Ibn Khaldun on the Web Archived 2004-06-24 at the Wayback Machine .
• Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Work, by Muhammad Hozien
• Muslim Scientists and Scholars ? Ibn Khaldun
• Ibn Khald?n, from Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History vol. iii, III. C. II. (b), p. 321
• Ibn Khaldun’s Philosophy of Management and Work Archived 2006-10-14 at the Wayback Machine .
• Ibn Khaldun (al-Muqaddimah): Methodology & concepts of economic sociology Archived 2006-08-31 at the Wayback Machine .
• Ibn Khaldun. The Mediterranean in the 14th century: Rise and fall of Empires Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine .. Andalusian Legacy exhibition in the Alcazar of Seville
• The Ibn Khaldoun Community Service Award Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine .
• Ibn Khaldun meets Al Saud
• The Ibn Khaldun Institute Archived 2012-12-10 at the Wayback Machine .

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• Multilingual bibliography on Ibn Khaldun : English, French, Arabic, German, Italian, Spanish…

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Ibn Khaldun

• (in French) Expose simplifie sur la theologie scolastique
• Chapters from the Muqaddimah and the History of Ibn Khaldun in Arabic
• Dutch biography Archived 2008-03-13 at the Wayback Machine .
• Ismail Kupeli: Ibn Khaldun und das politische System Syriens ? Eine Gegenuberstellung ^{[ ???????????????? ????? ]} , Munchen, 2007, ISBN 978-3-638-75458-3 (German e-book about the politics of Syria with reference to the political theory of Ibn Khaldun)

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