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circa 1958
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( 1930-04-07 ) 7 ?????? 1930
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???? 18 ??? 2007 (2007-06-18) (?????? 77)
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( m.   1959 ) ​
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?????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? (?????????, 7 ?????? 1930 - 18 ??? 2007). ??? ????? ??????? ???? 26 ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ??? ?????????. ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????. [1] ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ??????. [2]

??????? ???????? ?????????????? [ ????????? ]

???? ?????? ?????????? 1930 ?????? 7 ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????. [3] ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????????. ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????????. ????, ????, ?????, ????. [4] ??????? ????? ??????????????????? ???????? ??????-?????? ?????? ?????? 1940 ???? ??????????? ????-?????? ??????????? ????, ?????? ?????? ???????. [5] ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????????????. [6] ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????????. ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ???? 26 ????????????? ???????????? ???????. [7]

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??? ????????, ???? ??????, ????? ????????????, ???? ??????? ???? (1958)

??????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????. 1953 ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????. 1955 ? ???? ?????????. ?????????????? ?????? 26 ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????????. 1956 ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???? 26 ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????.

Raul Castro, Vilma Espin, Jorge Risquet and Jose Nivaldo Causse (1958)

????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???? ??????????. [8] [9] ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ????? ????, 1957-? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????????????? ???? 26 ???????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????????????? ??????. "????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????: ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????." [10] ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? 1957-? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????. ???????, ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? [8]

?????????? [ ????????? ]

  1. ↑ Suchlicki, Jaime (2008), "Espin, Vilma" , The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History (in ????????), Oxford University Press, doi : 10.1093/acref/9780195148909.001.0001 , ISBN   9780195148909 , retrieved 2019-11-04
  2. ↑ "Espin, Vilma | The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography - Credo Reference" . search.credoreference.com . Retrieved 2019-11-04 .
  3. ↑ Depalma, Anthony (20 June 2007). "Vilma Espin, Rebel and Wife of Raul Castro, Dies at 77" . The New York Times . Retrieved 27 January 2017 .
  4. ↑ Gott 2005 , ????. 160.
  5. ↑ Ferrer Gomez & Aguilar Ayerra 2015 , ????. 603.
  6. ↑ Gjelten, Tom (2008). Bacardi and the Long Fight for Cuba: The Biography of a Cause (in ????????). Penguin. ISBN   9780670019786 .
  7. ↑ "Espin, Vilma | The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Women's Biography - Credo Reference" . search.credoreference.com . Retrieved 2019-11-04 .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Vilma Espin: [Final 1 Edition]". The Times . 20 June 2007. ProQuest   319763650 .
  9. ↑ Gott, Richard (2007-06-20). "Obituary: Vilma Espin Guillois" . The Guardian (in ?????????? ????????). ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2020-06-08 .
  10. ↑ Gjelten, Tom (2008). Bacardi and the Long Fight for Cuba: The Biography of a Cause (in ????????). Penguin. ISBN   9780670019786 .

?????? [ ????????? ]

  • Espin, Vilma; de los Santos, Asela; Ferrer, Yolanda (2012). Women in Cuba: The Making of a Revolution Within the Revolution . New York: Pathfinder. ISBN   978-1604880366 .
  • Ferrer Gomez, Yolanda; Aguilar Ayerra, Carolina (2015). Vilma Espin Guillois: El Fuego de la Libertad (in ?????????). Havana: Editorial de la Mujer. ISBN   9789597217800 .
  • Gott, Richard (2005). Cuba: A New History . Yale Nota Bene. Yale University Press. ISBN   0300111142 .

??????????? [ ????????? ]

Vilma Espin ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????.
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