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???????????, ??? ????????? ???????????.
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Portrait of Thabo Mbeki
2nd President of South Africa
??????
14 June 1999 ? 24 September 2008
Deputy Jacob Zuma
Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
??????? Nelson Mandela
??????? Kgalema Motlanthe (as President)
Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri (as Acting President)
Deputy President of South Africa
??????
10 May 1994 ? 14 June 1999
Serving with F. W. de Klerk
Until 30 June 1996
?????????? Nelson Mandela
??????? Office established
??????? Jacob Zuma
1st Chairperson-in-office of the Commonwealth of Nations
??????
12 November 1999 ? 2 March 2002
Head Elizabeth II
??????? Position established
??????? John Howard
Chancellor, University of South Africa
???????
??????
8 December 2016
??????? Bernard Ngoepe
????????? ????????
???? ( 1942-06-18 ) 18 ??? 1942  (81 ??????)
Mbewuleni , Eastern Cape, South Africa [1]
?????? South African
????????? ????? African National Congress
??????? Zanele Dlamini Mbeki
???????? Monwabise Kwanda [2]
??? ?????? University of London
University of Sussex
????? Signature of Thabo Mbeki

????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???????? [3] (????: 18 ??? 1942). 14 ??? 1999 [4] ???? 24 ???????? 2008 [5] ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????. ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????????????????? ????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????. ????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????. ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????????????? ????????????????????????  ????????????? . ?????? 12 ?????? 2009 ?? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? [6] [7] [8] ????? ???? ?????????.

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???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ? ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????.

???????????? ???????????? [ ????????? ]

  • "A Legacy of Liberation: Thabo Mbeki and the Future of the South African Dream", by Mark Gevisser, 2009
  • " Eight days in September: THE REMOVAL OF THABO MBEKI", by Frank Chikane, 2012

????????? [ ????????? ]

?????????? [ ????????? ]

  1. ↑ Thabo Mbeki .
  2. ↑ "Thabo Mbeki Timeline 1942?" .
  3. ↑ Office of the Deputy Executive President (13 September 1996). "Biography of Thabo Mbeki" . ANC. Archived from the original on 11 July 2007 . Retrieved 21 July 2007 .
  4. ↑ The Presidency (14 October 2004). "GCIS: profile information: Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki, Mr" . GCIS. Archived from the original on 16 April 2007 . Retrieved 27 November 2007 .
  5. ↑ "Cabinet bids farewell to Mbeki" . SABC news. 25 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 September 2008 . Retrieved 25 September 2008 . His resignation came into effect at midnight.
  6. ↑ "Judge Nicholson Red-carded by SCA" . Mail&Guardian Online. 12 January 2009.
  7. ↑ "National Director of Public Prosecutions v Zuma (573/08) [2009] ZASCA 1 (12 Jan 2009)" (PDF) . South African Supreme Court of Appeal. 12 January 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20 . Retrieved 2017-07-25 .
  8. ↑ "Mbeki lashes out at lying politicians" . IOL/The Star. 14 January 2009.
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