?????? ??????????

?????? ??????????
?????? ??????????
?????????? ??????
???????	17 November 1950 ? present
???????	???????? ??????????
Prime Ministers	See list Lukhangwa ; Lobsang Tashi ; Jangsa Tsang ; Zurkhang Ngawang Gelek ; Shenkha Gurmey Topgyal ; Garang Lobsang Rigzin ; Kunling Woeser Gyaltso ; Wangue Dorji ; Juchen Thupten Namgyal ; Kelsang Yeshi ; Gyalo Thondup ; Tenzin Tethong ; Sonam Topgyal ; Lobsang Tenzin ; Lobsang Sangay ;
Tibetan	??????????????????
Wylie	bstan 'dzin rgya mtsho
????????	[t?? ?ts? cats?o]
Transcription ; (PRC)	Dainzin Gyaco
THDL	Tenzin Gyatso
Pinyin	D?nz?ng Ji?cuo
??????	Choekyong Tsering
??????	Diki Tsering
????	6 ???? 1935 (88 ??????) ; ?????? , ?????? , ???
?????

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso

?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ^[1]. ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ^[2] ??????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????. ^[3]

??????? [ ????????? ]

??????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????????????. ?.??. 821-? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????????. ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ????? ????????????????????. ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? 1640-?????????????. 1940-? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? 1904-? ???????????????? ??????. ? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????. ^[4] 1912-? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????. 1949 ??? ? ??? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ? ????? ????????????????. ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????.

?????? [ ????????? ]

?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????? 1935 ???? 6-?????????? ?????????????? ???? ^[5] ??????? ???????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????????. 1940 ????????? 22-?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????. ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????????. ???????? , ???, ??????? , ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????. 1947-? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????.

??????? ?????? [ ????????? ]

????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????????. ??? ??? ?????????????? ???????????. ??? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????????????. ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????????????. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? 1949-? ??? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????.

??????? ??????? ?????: ????? ??? UNESCO ?????????????????

????????????????? ?????? [ ????????? ]

??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????????????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????. 1959 ??????? 17-?? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ? ?????? ???? ???????????????????. ??? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????????????. ??? ???? ??? ?????????????? ????????????????????? ??????? 31-?? ??? ??????? ????????????????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????. ^[6] ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????.

???????-??? ?????? [ ????????? ]

?????????????????? ??? ?????????????????. ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????????. ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????. ??????-??????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ?????????????????. ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ??????? 24-?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????.

???????? [ ????????? ]

?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????. ^[7] ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????????????.

“ ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????. ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????. ????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????????????. ???????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????????. ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ????. ????? ??????... ”

????? ????? ????? ???????? : ?????????? ????????? ??????.

????? ????????, ????? ??? [ ????????? ]

??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????. ?????????? ?????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????????. ^[8] ?????? ???????????, ????????????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????????????. ^[9]

????? ???????? [ ????????? ]

?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? , ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????????.
1989-? ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ???????.

?????? ?????????? [ ????????? ]

https://www.mathrubhumi.com/in-depth/features/tibetans-in-india-struggle-to-see-a-future-beyond-an-aging-dalai-lama-1.8472953

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ ?????????, ???????? (2008). ?????? . ????????.
↑ ??????? : ???????????????? ; ??? : Lha-mo Don-'grub ; Lhasa dialect IPA : [ l?amo t?ø? ??up ] ; ????????? ?????? : 拉莫?珠 ; ????????? ?????? : 拉莫頓珠 ; ?????? : L?mo Dunzh?
↑ ??????????, ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? (??????) .
↑ ???????, ??????????? (2005 ????????? 19). ?????? . ????????. {{ cite book }}: Check date values in: |year= ( help )
↑ ??????????? 14-?? ??? ???. "Brief Biography" . http://www.dalailama.com/ . Archived from the original on 2010-05-25 . Retrieved 20 ???? 2013 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help ) ; External link in |publisher= ( help ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link )
↑ ????????? ?????, ???????? (2011). ??????-??? ?????? . ????????.
↑ "Witness: Reporting on the Dalai Lama's escape to India." Peter Jackson. Reuters . 27 ????????? 2009. Witness: Reporting on the Dalai Lama's escape to India| Reuters
↑ "?????????? ????????????? ??? ??????". ????? ????? ???????? . 29.06.2013. {{ cite journal }}: |access-date= requires |url= ( help ) ; |first= missing |last= ( help ) ; Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( help ) CS1 maint: date and year ( link )
↑ "???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ??.???. ??????" . ????? ????? . 2013 ??? 30 . Retrieved 2013 ??? 30 . {{ cite news }}: |first= missing |last= ( help ) ; Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= ( help ) ^{[
???????????????? ?????
]}

[1] ?????????, ???????? (2008). ?????? . ????????.

[2] ??????? : ???????????????? ; ??? : Lha-mo Don-'grub ; Lhasa dialect IPA : [ l?amo t?ø? ??up ] ; ????????? ?????? : 拉莫?珠 ; ????????? ?????? : 拉莫頓珠 ; ?????? : L?mo Dunzh?

[3] ??????????, ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? (??????) .

[4] ???????, ??????????? (2005 ????????? 19). ?????? . ????????. {{ cite book }}: Check date values in: |year= ( help )

[5] ??????????? 14-?? ??? ???. "Brief Biography" . http://www.dalailama.com/ . Archived from the original on 2010-05-25 . Retrieved 20 ???? 2013 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help ) ; External link in |publisher= ( help ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link )

[6] ????????? ?????, ???????? (2011). ??????-??? ?????? . ????????.

[7] "Witness: Reporting on the Dalai Lama's escape to India." Peter Jackson. Reuters . 27 ????????? 2009. Witness: Reporting on the Dalai Lama's escape to India| Reuters

[8] "?????????? ????????????? ??? ??????". ????? ????? ???????? . 29.06.2013. {{ cite journal }}: |access-date= requires |url= ( help ) ; |first= missing |last= ( help ) ; Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( help ) CS1 maint: date and year ( link )

[9] "???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ??.???. ??????" . ????? ????? . 2013 ??? 30 . Retrieved 2013 ??? 30 . {{ cite news }}: |first= missing |last= ( help ) ; Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= ( help ) ^{[
???????????????? ?????
]}

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? ? ?? ??????????????? ???? ??????? ????????
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2001?2020	??.?? / ?????? (2001) ??????? (2002) ????? ????? (2003) ?????? (2004) ???? / ??????? (2005) ???????? ?????? / ??????? ?????? (2006) ?? ??? / ??????? (2007) ?????????? (2008) ???? (2009) ???? (2010) ??? / ?????? / ????? (2011) ???????? ?????? (2012) ??????? ?????? ????? (2013) ?????? ???????????? / ???? ???????????? (2014) ???????? ????? ?????? ????????????? (2015) ????? ??????? ???????? (2016) ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? (2017) ???????? ???????? / ????? ?????? (2018) ??? ??????? ??? (2019) ??????????????? (2020)
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