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??????? ?????????

???????????, ??? ????????? ???????????.
??????? ?????????
????? ?????? Autism spectrum disorder, autistic spectrum disorder, autistic spectral disorder, [1] autism spectrum condition, autistic spectrum condition [2]
പാത്രങ്ങൾ അടുക്കിവെച്ചുകൊണ്ടേയിരിക്കുന്ന കുട്ടി
??????? ????????????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????.
?????????????? Psychiatry , clinical psychology
????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ???????????????????? ????????????, ?????????????? [3]
???????? Employment problems, few relationships, suicide [4]
?????? ??????? ????? ?????? [3]
??????? ???????? [5]
???????? ???????? [5]
?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????, ?????????? ??? ??? ????????????????? ?????????, ???????????? [3]
?????????????? ???? ?????????????? [5]
????????? ?????????? Intellectual disability , Rett syndrome , ADHD , selective mutism , childhood-onset schizophrenia [3]
Treatment Behavioral therapy , medication [6] [7]
??????? 1% of people (62.2 million 2015) [3] [8]

??????????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????????. ????????????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? [3] . ??????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????, ????????? ???????? ????????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? [3] . ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????????????????? [3] . ??????? ??????????? ??????????, ???? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????????, ??????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? [4] .

???????? [ ????????? ]

??????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????, ???????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????? [5] . ???????? ????????????, ??????????, ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????? [5] . ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? 65 ???? 90% ?????? ?????????? [9] .

??????????? [ ????????? ]

????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????????? [5] . ????????????? ???????, ????????? ????????, ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? (PDD-NOS), ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? 2013-? DSM-5 ??????????????????? [10] [11] .

??????? [ ????????? ]

????????? ????????????????????, ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????????????? ????????? [12] . ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????. ????????? ????????, ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? [5] . ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????? [5] . ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????????????. [5] [7]

?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ?????? [3] [13] [8] . ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? (?????????????? ?????????) [12] . ??? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? [11] . ? ??????????? ???????? (????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???) ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? [14] [4] .

?????? [ ????????? ]

  1. ↑ Narayan, Sunil; Rao, JS Mohan; K, Nagarajan; Mohammed, Faruq; Kandasamy, Preeti; Subramaniam, Mahadevan (14 April 2020). "Non-Syndromic Autistic Spectral Disorders in Tamilian Chldren Commonly Associated with Brain imaging anomalies and Spectral EEG changes (4209)" . Neurology (in ????????). 94 (15 Supplement). ISSN   0028-3878 . Archived from the original on 27 August 2021 . Retrieved 4 August 2020 .
  2. ↑ Baron-Cohen S, Scott FJ, Allison C, Williams J, Bolton P, Matthews FE, Brayne C (June 2009). "Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study". The British Journal of Psychiatry . 194 (6): 500?9. doi : 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345 . PMID   19478287 . We favour use of the term 'autism-spectrum condition' rather than 'autism-spectrum disorder' as it is less stigmatising, and it reflects that these individuals have not only disabilities which require a medical diagnosis, but also areas of cognitive strength
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Autism Spectrum Disorder. 299.00 (F84.0)". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) . Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 50?59. doi : 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 . ISBN   978-0-89042-559-6 .
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Howlin, P; Magiati, I (March 2017). "Autism spectrum disorder: outcomes in adulthood". Current opinion in psychiatry . 30 (2): 69?76. doi : 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000308 . PMID   28067726 .
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 "Autism Spectrum Disorder" . NIMH. 2018. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017 . Retrieved 21 February 2021 .
  6. ↑ Case-Smith J, Arbesman M (2008). "Evidence-based review of interventions for autism used in or of relevance to occupational therapy". The American Journal of Occupational Therapy . 62 (4): 416?29. doi : 10.5014/ajot.62.4.416 . PMID   18712004 .
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Accordino RE, Kidd C, Politte LC, Henry CA, McDougle CJ (2016). "Psychopharmacological interventions in autism spectrum disorder". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy . 17 (7): 937?52. doi : 10.1517/14656566.2016.1154536 . PMID   26891879 . S2CID   6255194 .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990?2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015" . Lancet . 388 (10053): 1545?1602. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 . PMC   5055577 . PMID   27733282 .
  9. ↑ "Heritability of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of twin studies" . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines . 57 (5): 585?95. May 2016. doi : 10.1111/jcpp.12499 . PMC   4996332 . PMID   26709141 .
  10. ↑ "Autism spectrum disorder fact sheet" (PDF) . DSM5.org . American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2013 . Retrieved 13 October 2013 .
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Subgrouping the autism "spectrum": reflections on DSM-5" . PLOS Biology . 11 (4): e1001544. 23 April 2013. doi : 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001544 . PMC   3635864 . PMID   23630456 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link )
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "10 Facts about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)" . Early Childhood Development | ACF (in ????????). Archived from the original on 6 November 2019 . Retrieved 6 November 2019 .
  13. ↑ "HRSA-led study estimates 1 in 40 U.S. children has diagnosed autism" . hrsa.gov . 19 November 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 . Retrieved 17 October 2019 .
  14. ↑ Sanchack, KE; Thomas, CA (15 December 2016). "Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles". American family physician . 94 (12): 972?979. PMID   28075089 .
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