Hj? Everets

Hj? Everets ; Hugh Everett III
Hj? Everets 1964. gad?
Person?g? inform?cija
Dzimis	1930 . gada 11. novembr? ; Va?ingtona , ASV
Miris	1982 . gada 19. j?lij? (51 gada vecum?) ; Vird??nija , ASV
Dz?ves vieta	ASV
Pilson?ba	ASV
Taut?ba	amerik?nis
B?rni	Elizabete Evereta, Marks Olivers Everets
Zin?tnisk? darb?ba
Zin?tne	Fizika ; Matem?tisk? optimiz?cija ; Sp??u teorija
Akad?miskais amats	zin?t?u doktors
Alma mater	Amerikas kato?u universit?te ; Prinstonas Universit?te
Sasniegumi, atkl?jumi	Daudzu pasau?u interpret?cija ; Evereta teor?ma

Hj? Everets ( 1930 . gada 11. novembr? - 1982 . gada 19. j?lij? ) bija amerik??u fizi?is , kas pirmo reizi kvantu fizik? ierosin?ja daudzu pasau?u interpret?ciju , ko vi?? pats d?v?ja par "relat?vo st?vokli".

Nesagaid?jis atsauc?bu par savu koncepciju no fizi?u sabiedr?bas, ^[4] Everets p?c doktora gr?da ieg??anas p?rtrauca nodarboties ar fiziku. V?l?k vi?? piev?rs?s matem?tikai un izstr?d?ja visp?rin?tu Lagran?a reizin?t?ju izmanto?anu oper?ciju izp?tei, veiksm?gi pielietojot to komerci?li k? aizsardz?bas anal?ti?is un konsultants. Vi?? bija prec?jies ar Nensiju Goru ( N'ancy Everett nee Gore). Vi?iem bija divi b?rni: Elizabete Evereta un Marks Olivers Everets , kur? k?uva par m?zikas grupas Eels l?deri ( frontmen ). Miris 1982. gada 19. j?lij? no p?k??as sirdsl?kmes.

Dz?ve un darb?ba [ labot ?o sada?u | labot pirmkodu ]

H. Everets dzimis un audzis Va?ington? . Vi?a vec?ki ???r?s, kad vi?? v?l bija b?rns. No septi?u gadu vecuma vi?u audzin?ja m?tes pam?te un vi?as t?vs. ^[5]

1953. gad? Hj? Everets absolv?ja Amerikas kato?u universit?ti ( The Catholic University of America ) ??mijas in?enierij?, lai gan vi?? bija pabeidzis ar? pietiekamus kursus matem?tikas gr?dam. P?c tam Everetam tika pie??irta Nacion?l? zin?tnes fonda stipendija, kas vi?am ??va p?cdiploma studij?m apmekl?t Prinstonas Universit?ti . Vi?? s?ka stud?t Prinstonas Universit?tes matem?tikas katedr?, bet pamaz?m p?rg?ja uz fizikas studij?m. ^[5]

P?c Prinstonas Universit?tes absolv??anas 1956. gada septembr? Everets tika uzaicin?ts pievienoties Pentagona jaunizveidotajai iero?u sist?mu nov?rt??anas grupai ( Weapons Systems Evaluation Group - WSEG), kuru p?rvald?ja Aizsardz?bas anal?zes instit?ts ( Institute for Defense Analyses ). 1957. gad? vi?? k?uva par WSEG Fizikas un matem?tikas zin?t?u noda?as direktoru. P?c ?sa p?rtraukuma, lai Prinston? aizst?v?tu disert?ciju par kvantu teoriju , Everets atgriez?s WSEG un turpin?ja savus p?t?jumus, no kuriem liel?k? da?a joproj?m ir klasific?ti. Vi?? str?d?ja pie da??diem p?t?jumiem par Minuteman ra?e?u projektu, kas tolaik tika uzs?kts, k? ar? pie ietekm?ga p?t?juma par lielo kodoliero?u kampa?u izplat?bu un ietekmi ( The Distribution and Effects of Fallout in Large Nuclear Weapon Campaigns ). ^[6]^[7]

1959. gada mart? un apr?l? Everets apmekl?ja Kopenh?genu , lai tiktos ar Kopenh?genas kvantu meh?nikas interpret?cijas "t?vu" Nilsu Boru . Viz?te bija piln?gi neveiksm?ga; Everets nesp?ja pav?st?t savu galveno ideju, ka Visumu teor?tiski var aprakst?t ar objekt?vi past?vo?u univers?lu vi??u funkciju (kas nepak?aujas sabrukumam); Bora un citu Kopenh?genas zin?tnieku skat?jum? t? bija vienk?r?i ?ecer?ba. Ta?u Kopenh?gen? vi?? s?ka str?d?t pie jaunas idejas ? izmantot visp?rin?tus Lagan?a reizin?t?jus matem?tiskai optimiz?cijai. ^[1]

1983. gada 19. j?lij?, 51 gada vecum? Everets nomira ar sirdsl?kmi . ^[8] B?dams p?rliecin?ts ateists , ^[5] vi?? bija l?dzis, lai vi?a mirst?g?s atliekas p?c vi?a n?ves tiktu izn?cin?tas. Evereta sieva vair?kus gadus saglab?ja vi?a pelnus urn?, pirms izpild?ja ?o l?gumu. ^[5]

Vikicit?tu projekt? ir cit?tu kolekcija par t?mu. Skat?t: Hj? Everets

Atsauces [ labot ?o sada?u | labot pirmkodu ]

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Claude Lemarechal. ≪Lagrangian relaxation≫. In Michael Junger and Denis Naddef. Computational combinatorial optimization: Papers from the Spring School held in Schloß Dagstuhl, May 15?19, 2000 . Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2241. Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 2001. 112?156. lpp. ISBN 3-540-42877-1 . doi : 10.1007/3-540-45586-8_4 .
↑ Everett, Hugh, III (1963). "Generalized Lagrange multiplier method for solving problems of optimum allocation of resources" . Operations Research 11 (3): 399?417. doi : 10.1287/opre.11.3.39 . Arhiv?ts no ori?in?la 2011-07-24.
↑ H. Everett. ≪Recursive games≫. Contributions to the Theory of Games, Volume 3 . Annals of Mathematics Studies. Princeton University Press, 1957. 67?78. lpp. ISBN 978-0-691-07936-3 . (Reprinted in Harold W. Kuhn, ed. Classics in Game Theory , Princeton University Press, 1997. ).
↑ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hugh-everett-biography/
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 Peter Byrne. The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III: Multiple Universes, Mutual Assured Destruction, and the Meltdown of a Nuclear Family . Oxford University Press, 2010. 29. lpp. ISBN 978-0-19-955227-6 .
↑ Hugh Everett III and George E.Pugh, "The Distribution and Effects of Fallout in Large Nuclear-Weapon Campaigns", in Biological and Environment Effects of Nuclear War , Hearings Before the Special Sub-Committee on Radiation of the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy, June 22?26, 1959, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1959.
↑ Cf. Dr. Linus Pauling Nobel Peace Prize 1962 lecture (and reprinted in Peace by Frederick W. Haberman, Irwin Abrams, Tore Frangsmyr, Nobelstiftelsen, Nobelstiftelsen (Stockholm), published by World Scientific, 1997 ISBN 981-02-3416-3 ), delivered on December 11, 1963, in which he mentioned the work by Pugh and Everett regarding the risks of nuclear profliferation and even quoted them from 1959. Pauling said: "This is a small nuclear attack made with use of about one percent of the existing weapons. A major nuclear war might well see a total of 30,000 megatons, one-tenth of the estimated stockpiles, delivered and exploded over the populated regions of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the other major European countries. The studies of Hugh Everett and George E. Pugh [21], of the Weapons Systems Evaluation Division, Institute of Defense Analysis, Washington, D.C., reported in the 1959 Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Radiation, permit us to make an estimate of the casualties of such a war. This estimate is that sixty days after the day on which the war was waged, 720 million of the 800 million people in these countries would be dead, sixty million would be alive but severely injured, and there would be twenty million other survivors. The fate of the living is suggested by the following statement by Everett and Pugh: 'Finally, it must be pointed out that the total casualties at sixty days may not be indicative of the ultimate casualties. Such delayed effects as the disorganization of society, disruption of communications, extinction of livestock, genetic damage, and the slow development of radiation poisoning from the ingestion of radioactive materials may significantly increase the ultimate toll.' ..."
↑ Mark Oliver Everett, Things the Grandchildren Should Know , ISBN 978-0-316-02787-8

?r?j?s saites [ labot ?o sada?u | labot pirmkodu ]

UCIspace @ the Libraries digital collection: Hugh Everett III Manuscripts Arhiv?ts 2012. gada 8. maij?, Wayback Machine vietn?.
Everett's Relative-State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics ? Jeffrey A. Barrett's article on Everett's formulation of quantum mechanics in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

[Lagrange-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Claude Lemarechal. ≪Lagrangian relaxation≫. In Michael Junger and Denis Naddef. Computational combinatorial optimization: Papers from the Spring School held in Schloß Dagstuhl, May 15?19, 2000 . Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2241. Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 2001. 112?156. lpp. ISBN 3-540-42877-1 . doi : 10.1007/3-540-45586-8_4 .

[2] Everett, Hugh, III (1963). "Generalized Lagrange multiplier method for solving problems of optimum allocation of resources" . Operations Research 11 (3): 399?417. doi : 10.1287/opre.11.3.39 . Arhiv?ts no ori?in?la 2011-07-24.

[Ev57-3] H. Everett. ≪Recursive games≫. Contributions to the Theory of Games, Volume 3 . Annals of Mathematics Studies. Princeton University Press, 1957. 67?78. lpp. ISBN 978-0-691-07936-3 . (Reprinted in Harold W. Kuhn, ed. Classics in Game Theory , Princeton University Press, 1997. ).

[4] ttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/hugh-everett-biography/

[MAD-5] 5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 Peter Byrne. The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III: Multiple Universes, Mutual Assured Destruction, and the Meltdown of a Nuclear Family . Oxford University Press, 2010. 29. lpp. ISBN 978-0-19-955227-6 .

[6] Hugh Everett III and George E.Pugh, "The Distribution and Effects of Fallout in Large Nuclear-Weapon Campaigns", in Biological and Environment Effects of Nuclear War , Hearings Before the Special Sub-Committee on Radiation of the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy, June 22?26, 1959, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1959.

[7] Cf. Dr. Linus Pauling Nobel Peace Prize 1962 lecture (and reprinted in Peace by Frederick W. Haberman, Irwin Abrams, Tore Frangsmyr, Nobelstiftelsen, Nobelstiftelsen (Stockholm), published by World Scientific, 1997 ISBN 981-02-3416-3 ), delivered on December 11, 1963, in which he mentioned the work by Pugh and Everett regarding the risks of nuclear profliferation and even quoted them from 1959. Pauling said: "This is a small nuclear attack made with use of about one percent of the existing weapons. A major nuclear war might well see a total of 30,000 megatons, one-tenth of the estimated stockpiles, delivered and exploded over the populated regions of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the other major European countries. The studies of Hugh Everett and George E. Pugh [21], of the Weapons Systems Evaluation Division, Institute of Defense Analysis, Washington, D.C., reported in the 1959 Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Radiation, permit us to make an estimate of the casualties of such a war. This estimate is that sixty days after the day on which the war was waged, 720 million of the 800 million people in these countries would be dead, sixty million would be alive but severely injured, and there would be twenty million other survivors. The fate of the living is suggested by the following statement by Everett and Pugh: 'Finally, it must be pointed out that the total casualties at sixty days may not be indicative of the ultimate casualties. Such delayed effects as the disorganization of society, disruption of communications, extinction of livestock, genetic damage, and the slow development of radiation poisoning from the ingestion of radioactive materials may significantly increase the ultimate toll.' ..."

[grandchildren-8] Mark Oliver Everett, Things the Grandchildren Should Know , ISBN 978-0-316-02787-8

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