?????????????, ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????????
|
|
| ??????? ??????
|
| ?????
,
?????? ????? ???????
|
??????, Ne, ??
|
| ???????? ????
| noble gases
|
| ?????
,
?????
,
???
|
18, 2, p
|
| ??????
| colorless
|
| ?????? ???
|
20.1797
(6)
g·mol
−1
|
| ????????????
?????
|
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
|
?????????? ???
??????
???????????????
|
2, 8
|
| ????? ??????
|
| ????
| 164
|
| ???
| gas
|
| ????????
| (0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
0.9002 g/L
|
| ????? ??????
| 24.56
K
(-248.59 °
C
, -415.46 °
???
)
|
| ??????? ??????
| 27.07
K
(-246.08 °
C
, -410.94 °
F
)
|
| ??????? ?????
| 24.5561 K, 43
[?]
[?]
kPa
|
| ????????????
| 44.4
K
, 2.76 MPa
|
| ???????? ???????
| 0.335
kJ·mol
−1
|
| ???????? ???????
| 98798
kJ·mol
−1
|
| ????????? ???????
| 1.71
kJ·mol
−1
|
| ???? ????????
| (25 °C) 20.786 J·mol
−1
·K
−1
|
???? ?????
| P
/Pa
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at
T
/K
|
12
|
13
|
15
|
18
|
21
|
27
|
|
| ?????? ??????
|
| ?????? ??????
| cubic face centered
|
| ?????????? ??????
???
| no data
|
| ?????? ??????? (???????)
| 38
pm
|
| ??????? ?????
| 69
pm
|
| ???? ???? ?????? ???????
| 154
pm
|
| ???? ??????
|
| ?????? ????????
| nonmagnetic
|
| ???? ??????
| (300 K) 49.1x10
-3
W·m
−1
·K
−1
|
| ????? ???
| (gas, 0 °C) 435
m/s
|
| ???? ???????
| 654654 GPa
|
| ?????? ???????? ??????
| 7440-01-9
|
| ???????????
|
|
|
??????
???? ????????
????
???????
.
??????????????
??? ????????? ??????? ? ????
?????????
????? ????. ??????
?????????
?????????????
??????? ??????
?????
???????????
?????? ?????????
???????????. ??? ?????
?????? ?????????
"?????" ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ????????????
?????? ?????????
????????????????.
?????? - ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????. ???????? ?????? Ne.
???????
, ??????,
??????????
, ????????,
???????
?????
??????
??????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ????? ????????????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??. ???????. ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? (1898). ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? (????? ??????) ???????? ?????????????. ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ???? ???????????.
????
?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ???. ???????????? ?????????? 0.0018% ????????????? ????????? ???????? 5(10-7% ????????????? ???????.
???????? ????????
[
????????
]
????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????????????? ????????. ? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????. ??? ?????????? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? 10. ????????? 20.183. ???????? 0. ???????? (1 ??????, 0º?) 0.8999 ??????/?????. ??????????-246.0480?, ?????????? -248.670? ??????????? ????? . ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???????????.
?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????. ????? ?? ? ???????????
?????
? ???????? ????????? ????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????????. ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????. ???????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????.
- ↑
Preston-Thomas, H. (1990).
"The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)"
.
Metrologia
.
27
: 3?10.
- ↑
"Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements".
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
(85th edition ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2005.
????? ?????????
[
????????
]
