????? ????

?????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????????
???? ?????????????????? ?????? ???? (???????????????????) .
???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????
????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????. ????? ????????????? I ???????? ???? ? II ???????? ?????????
????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????.

???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????-??????????? ?????????; ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ????? 476 ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????.

????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????.

??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????. ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? , ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

  • Cowell, Frank Richard. Life in Ancient Rome . New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1961 (paperback, ISBN 0-399-50328-5 ).
  • Gabucci, Ada. Rome (Dictionaries of Civilizations; 2) . Berkekely: University of California Press, 2007 (paperback, ISBN 0-520-25265-9 ).
  • Scheidel, Walter, Ian Morris, and Richard P. Saller, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World (2008) 958pp
  • Wyke, Maria. Projecting the Past: Ancient Rome, Cinema, and History . New York; London: Routledge, 1997 (hardcover, ISBN 0-415-90613-X , paperback, ISBN 0-415-90614-8 ).

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ???? ?????? ??????: