한국   대만   중국   일본 
????? ??? ?????? - ????????? ????????? ????????

????? ??? ??????

?????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????????
????? ??? ??????
????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????
????????? ?????? 10 ????? , 1957
?????? ???????
????????????? ?????? 2 ????? , 2011
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საუდის არაბეთის დროშა  ?????? ??????? ( 1957 ? 1994 )

???????????? ?????? ( 1994 ? 2011 )
????????? ????????
??????????? ??-?????
??????? ??????

????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ( ????. ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ; ?. 10 ????? 1957  ? ?. 2 ????? 2011 ) ? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? , 11 ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????, ??-?????? ????????????. [1]

??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. 1979 ?????? ????????? ?????????????, ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ?????????? (?? ??? ?????) ?????????? ??????????, ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. [2] 1988 ???? ??????? ??-????? . [3] ?????? ?????????? ????????? 1992 ????, ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ??????? ????????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???. ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????. [4] 1998 ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????: ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????. [5] [6] [7]

2001 ?????? 2011 ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???. ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????????????? ????? 25 ??????? ?????? ???????. [8] 2011 ???? 2 ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? CIA-? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????, ??????????, ?????????? ??????. [9] ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????. 

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????, [10] ??????, ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ( ???? . Osama bin Laden). ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? CIA-??, ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ( ???? . Usama bin Laden) ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ( ???? . Usama bin Ladin). ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? (????. Ussamah bin Ladin),??????? ?????? ??? ?????? (Oussama ben Laden) ?? ?????????? ????????? (Binladin). ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????, ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. ????? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????.

???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????????, ????? ???????, ????? ????????. ???????? ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ??? ??????, ????? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? ???, ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????.

??????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????, ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???, ????? ???????. ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??-??????? ( ???? .  ?????????? ), ??????, ?????? ?????, ????????, ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????????????. [11]

?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ( ???? . ???? ), ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ???? ???????????????? ??? ???????????????? ????????????: ??????, ?????, ?????, ????????? ?????, ???? ??-????????, ????, ?????????. [12] ?????? ??????? ( ????? ) ??????? ????, ??? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????, [13] ?? ????? ???? ????. [14]

??????? ???????? ?? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? [15] ??????? ?????????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? (???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ) [16] ?? ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??-????? (????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????) [17] ??????, ?????? ????????. 1998 ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? 1957 ???? 10 ????? ?????????. [18]

??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????????? ?????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????, ??????? ??-????? ?????. ????? 1950-???? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? 1960-??????? ?????????? ????????????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????. [19] ?????? ???? ?????: ???? ???? ?? ???? ????. [17] ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ???????? 5 ???????? ????????, ?????????? 25-30 ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. [20]

????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????. [21] 1968 - 1976 ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??-???????? ??????? ????? ???????, [17] [22] ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????. [23] ???????? ???????????, 1979 ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????, [24] ?? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ???????? 1981 ????. [25] ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????, [26] ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????????????. [27] ????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ????????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????. [28] ????? ?????, ?????????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????, [29] ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????. ????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????, ???????????????? ???????? ???????? . [30]

?????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1974 ????, 17 ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????????. [31] ????? 2001 ???? 11 ?????????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????: ??????? ?????? (???????????? 1983 ????, ????????? 90-??? ??????), ?????? ?????? (???????????? 1985 ????), ????? ?????? (???????????? 1987 ????) ?? ???? ??-?????? (???????????? 2000 ????). ???????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. [32] ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? 20-26 ??????. [33] [34] ???? ????? ????? 11 ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 2010 ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????. [35]

????? ??-?????, ?????? ?????? ????? 1997-2001 ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????. [36]

????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????????????? 1967 ????. ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????????. [37] ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????-???, ????? ??? ??????, 1988 ????, ????????? ???????? , ??????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ???????. [38]

?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? 1,93 ???????? 1,98-???, ???? ???? ???? ?????????? 73 ?????????. ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???-???????“ ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????, ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? 1,8 ????? ???. [39] ?????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????, ??????? ????????. ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. [40]

?????? ?? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??? ??????? ?????????? ???-???? ??????? ?????????? ???, ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????. [41] [42] CIA-? ?????? ???????????, ????? ??????, ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????????: [43] ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?? ??????????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????????.“ ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????. ????? 2002 ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ????? , ??????????????? , ??????????? ?? ?????????. [44] ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????, ?????? ??????????, ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????, ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????. [45]

??? ?????? ???????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ?????????????? ????? ???????, ??????????? , ?????????? , ????????? ?? ??????????? . [46] ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. [47]

???? ????????? (??????????? ??????) ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? , ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????. [48] ??? ?????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????“ ?????????? ?????????. [49] ??? ?????? ???????????? ???, ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???, ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? (?? ???? ???-??????????? ?????????) ???? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? [50] . ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????????.

??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????. 1998 ???? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ????????? ????????????, ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ???????? ?Operation Desert Fox“ ??????????, ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???????, ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????. [51] ???? 2002 ???? ??? ?????????, ??? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????, ???????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????. [44] 1998 ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????. ?? ???????? ?.? ????????? ???????? “ ??????. [52] ??? ???????, ??? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ????-???????? ????????? ??????????????. ??? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????. ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????: ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????“. [53] ????????????, ??? ??-?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????: ????? ?????????, ?????????, ??????? ?? ??????? . [54]

??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????: ?? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? [55] ?? ????????? ?????, ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?? ????????????????? ???????????. [56]

???????????, ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????, ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ??????? ?????, ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????????. [57] ?? ???? ????, ??-????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. 2004 ????, Al Jazeera-? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????“. [58]

??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????. [59] [60]

???? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? (?The New York Times“, ?BBC“, ?Al Jazeera“) ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????????. 

???????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????????? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1979 ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????. [61] ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????: ??? ????????? ?? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????“ [62] . ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????. ???,CIA-? ?????????, ?Operation Cyclone“-?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? 40 ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ?????, ?????????? 100 000 ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. [63] ????? ?????, ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ????????. ?????????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????. [64]

1984 ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??-???????? , ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????, [65] ?????????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ??????????, ?????????????, ?????????? ???????????????. ????? ?????, ?????????? ?????? ??????-???????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????. ????????, ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? (????? ??????). ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????. [2]

??-?????? ?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1988 ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??-????????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????: ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ????????????? ?????? ??????. [66] 1988 ???? 20 ???????? ????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ??-????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????“. ???????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ????????, ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????. [67]

?????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???, ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???“. [68] ???? ??????????? ????????, ??-????? ?????????? 1988 ???? 11 ????????, ????????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????. ????????? ????????????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????. [69] 1989 ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????, ???? 1990 ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????“. [70]

????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????????, ????????? ???????, ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????. [71] ???? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????, ???? ?? ?????? , ????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????. ???? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????, ??????, ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????. ???? ???? 1992 ???? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???????. [72]

????? ????, ???-??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??????????? ?????????? ??-?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????, ??? ????? ??? 11 ?????????? ??????? ?? ??-?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????????. ????????, ??????? 11 ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?? 1990 ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????. [73]

?????? ?? ????????? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????, ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??-???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????????????, ????????????? ?? ????????. ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????, ?Hunting Surveys“-? ??????????????. [74] ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????. ????????????, ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???????????, ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? [75] [76] ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????. ????????? 1994 ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? 7 ?????????? ?????????. [77]

?? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? (???), ??????? ??-?????? ?????? ???. 1995 ???? ???-?? ????? ???????? ???????????, ????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????.

????? ????, ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????. ????? ?????, ??????? ???????????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??-??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??. ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 2000 ???? ?????????????. [74]

11 ?????????? ???????? ??????????:

ვიკიციტატა
?1995 ???? ???? ???????, ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???, ?????????? ????????????? ?? CIA-? ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????. CIA-? ????????, ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. [78] ???? ??????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????, ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????????, ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????????: ??? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????????????. ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???.“ [79] “

11 ?????????? ???????? ??????????:

ვიკიციტატა
?1996 ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???-???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????. ??????????? ???????, ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????. ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???????? ????????????, ?? ???? ????, ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????, ??????, ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????, ???? ????????? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???, ?????? CIA-? ??????????.“

??????? ????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????. ??? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ?? ????????? ??????, 1996 ???? 18 ????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????. [80] 11 ?????????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????. [81] ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????, ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? 300 ????????? ????????? ?????. ????? ?????, ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? 20 ???. [82] ????????? 300 ???. ????????? ??????? [83] . ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????, ???????, ?????? ?? ???????? ??.

1996 ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????. [84] ???? ???-???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ???. ??????????? ??????? 1990 ???????? ???? ????????????, ?????? 1996 ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ??????? ??????“ ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????, ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.

?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????, ?Al Quds Al Arabi“-?? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????????: ???????????????? ???? ???????????“ ( ???? . Declaration of War against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places). ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ???????. ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????.

????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????“ ??????????? ?? ??????????????. ????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ????, ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????, ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???-??????? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????. ????? ??????, CIA-? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? ??????“.

??????? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????, ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? 1992 ???? 29 ?????????, ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??? ????????. [85]

???? ?????? ??-????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????: ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???, ?? ??????? ( ??????? ) ????????, ???? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ( ???????? ). [86] ????? ?????????? ??-?????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????????.

1990-??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??-????? ???????, ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????????. ???, 1992 ?? 1993 ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????“, ???? ??-????? ????????, ???????? ???????????? ????????????? 40 000$ ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????, ??? ????? 150 000-200 000 ???????? ???????. ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????.

???????? ??????????, ??? 1997 ???? 17 ???????? ????????? ?????, ???????? 62 ????????? ???????? ???????, ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????????. [87] ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????. 1997 ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. [88]

????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????-?-??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????: ????????? ?.??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????. [89]

1998 ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??-????????? ???????????? ?????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????“ ??????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????, ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??-????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???. ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????????.

??-?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??-????????? 1998 ???? 24 ?????? ???????. [90] ????? ???? 7 ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ????????. ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????????. ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????“ ??????.

1998 ???? ?????????? CIA-? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ??? ??-????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????. ?????, ???? ???????????, ??-??????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????. [91] 2000 ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ??-????? ?? ??? ?????? 2000 ???? 3 ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????. ???????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????.

11 ?????????? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

ვიკიციტატა
???????? ????, ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????... ?????? ??? ??????, ??? ???????? ???????? ?????, ??? ??????, ??? ???? ?????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????-??????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ?? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ??????????, ????????? ????? ????????, ??? 1982 ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????... ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????.. ???? ??? ??????? ??, ????? ???? ??????????, ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????... [92] “

2004 ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??? 11 ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????????????.

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????? ??? ?????? ?????? 2011 ???? 2 ?????, ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? [93] [94] , ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????.

??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? . ???????? ???????????? CIA-? ????????? ????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????, ?????? ?? [95] ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????, ???? ??????, ??????????????? 24 ?????? ?????? ???????????. [96]

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

  • Bergen, Peter (2006). The Osama Bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al Qaeda's Leader . Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-9592-7 .  
  • Bergen, Peter (2008). ?Al Qaeda, the Organization: A Five-Year Forecast“. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science . 618 : 14?30. JSTOR   40375772 . CS1-?? ??????????: ref=harv ( link )
  • Scheuer, Michael (2002). Through Our Enemies' Eyes . Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. ISBN 1-57488-553-7 .  
  • Stern, Jessica (2003) Terror in the Name of God , 1, New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-050533-8 .  
  • Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda And The Road To 9/11 . New York: Knopf. ISBN 1-4000-3084-6 .  

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ???? ?????? ??????:

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

  1. ↑ Scheuer, Michael (February 7, 2008).  "Yemen still close to al Qaeda's heart" ???????????? 2016-07-02 ?????? Wayback Machine . .  Asia Times Online .
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Robert Fisk (2005).  The Great War For Civilisation , p. 4.
  3. ↑ United States v. Usama bin Laden et al., S (7) 98 Cr. 1023, Testimony of Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl (SDNY February 6, 2001).
  4. ↑ Robert Fisk (2005).  The Great War For Civilisation , p. 22.
  5. ↑ "FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives" . FBI.gov.  Archived from the original on January 3, 2008.
  6. ↑ Dan Eggen (August 28, 2006). "Bin Laden, Most Wanted For Embassy Bombings?". The Washington Post.
  7. ↑ "Most wanted terrorists list released". CNN. October 10, 2001 . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2015-09-04. ????????? ??????: 2016-07-25.
  8. ↑ "Fbi ? Usama Bin Laden"
  9. ↑ "The Navy SEAL Who Shot Bin Laden Is: Rob O'Neill From Butte Montana" .  Soldier of Fortune Magazine . November 6, 2015. Archived from  the original
  10. ↑ Whitaker, Brian.  "Arabic words and the Roman alphabet" ???????????? 2011-04-25 ?????? Wayback Machine . . Al-Bab.com
  11. ↑ bin Laden, Najwa; bin Laden, Omar; Sasson, Jean (2009). Growing up Bin Laden: Osama's Wife and Son Take Us Inside Their Secret World. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-312-56016-4 .
  12. ↑ "Most Wanted Terrorist ? Usama Bin Laden". FBI. Archived . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2006-03-10. ????????? ??????: 2016-07-25.
  13. ↑ "Meaning of Usama". English?Arabic Almaany Dictionary. 2011.
  14. ↑ Warrick, Joby (September 8, 2007).  "In a New Video, Bin Laden Predicts U.S. Failure in Iraq"
  15. ↑ "Frontline: Hunting Bin Laden: Who is Bin Laden?: Chronology". PBS. Archived
  16. ↑ David Johnson.  "Osama bin Laden infoplease" . Infoplease .  Archived  from the original on January 20, 2008. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Steve Coll (December 12, 2005).  "Letter From Jedda: Young Osama- How he learned radicalism, and may have seen America" . 
  18. ↑ "Osama bin Laden". GlobalSecurity.org. January 11, 2006 .
  19. ↑ "The Mysterious Death of Osama Bin Laden" ???????????? 2012-04-25 ?????? Wayback Machine . . August 3, 2011. 
  20. ↑ " Osama bin Laden ",  The Economist , May 5, 2011, p. 93.
  21. ↑ Beyer, Lisa (September 24, 2001).  "The Most Wanted Man in the World" ???????????? 2011-02-09 ?????? Wayback Machine . .  Time . Retrieved May 26,2010.
  22. ↑ Bergen 2006 , pp. 52
  23. ↑ Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden , Verso, 2005, p. xii.
  24. ↑ Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement , Vol. 22. Gale Group, 2002. (link requires username/password)
  25. ↑ "A Biography of Osama Bin Laden" . PBS Frontline. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  26. ↑ Aziz Hug (January 19, 2006).  "The Real Osama" . The American Prospect . Archived from  the original ???????????? 2008-04-30 ?????? Wayback Machine . on April 30, 2008. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  27. ↑ Gunaratna, Rohan (2003).  Inside Al Qaeda  (3rd ed.). Berkley Books. p. 22.  ISBN   0-231-12692-1 .
  28. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 79
  29. ↑ Michael Hirst (September 24, 2008).  "Analysing Osama's jihadi poetry" . BBC News. RetrievedMay 26, 2010.
  30. ↑ "Osama bin Laden's bodyguard: I had orders to kill him if the Americans tried to take him alive" .  Daily Mirror . May 4, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  31. ↑ Michael Slackman (November 13, 2001).  "Osama Kin Wait and Worry" .  Los Angeles Times . RetrievedMay 26, 2010.
  32. ↑ Brian Todd; Tim Lister (May 5, 2011).  "Bin Laden's wives ? and daughter who would 'kill enemies of Islam'" . CNN Edition: International. Retrieved May 5,2011.
  33. ↑ "Osama's Women" . CNN. March 12, 2002. RetrievedMay 26, 2010.
  34. ↑ Amy Zalman.  "Profile: Osama bin Laden" ???????????? 2011-07-07 ?????? Wayback Machine . . About.com. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  35. ↑ "Osama bin Laden's family 'stranded' in Iran, son says" ,  The Telegraph . July 19, 2010.
  36. ↑ Al-Bahri, Nasser,  Guarding bin Laden: My Life in al-Qaeda . pp. 150?160. Thin Man Press. London. ISBN 9780956247360
  37. ↑ ABC News.  "Blood Brothers: Could Osama Have Been Tamed?" .  ABC News .
  38. ↑ Best of the Web: Osama's Brother Died in San Antonio, Red Velvet Onion Rings|WOAI: San Antonio News . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2012-01-13. ????????? ??????: 2016-07-26.
  39. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 83
  40. ↑ "I met Osama Bin Laden" . BBC News. March 26, 2004. Retrieved May 15, 2006.
  41. ↑ Messages , (2005) p. 70. Al Jazeera interview, December 1998, following Kenya and Tanzania embassy attacks.
  42. ↑ Messages , (2005), p. 119, October 21, 2001, interview with Taysir Alluni of Al Jazeera.
  43. ↑ Scheuer, Michael (2004).  Imperial Hubris . Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's, Inc. p. 9.  ISBN   978-0-9655139-4-4 .  The focused and lethal threat posed to U.S. national security arises not from Muslims being offended by what America is, but rather from their plausible perception that the things they most love and value?God, Islam, their brethren, and Muslim lands?are being attacked by America.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 October 6, 2002. Appeared in Al-Qala'a website and then  The Observer  and  The Guardian  on November 24, 2002. . ????????????? ???????????? ? ??????? 26, 2013. ????????? ??????: ??????? 26, 2013.
  45. ↑ Gardell, Matthias (2003).  Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism . Durham and London: Duke University Press. p. 325.  ISBN   978-0822330714 .
  46. ↑ Messages , 2005, p. 218. "Resist the New Rome", audiotape delivered to al-Jazeera and broadcast by it on January 4, 2004.
  47. ↑ Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010).  Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism . Palgrave Macmillan. p. 80.  It was there that he met the Athari-Wahhabite militant Osama bin Laden...
  48. ↑ Dale C. Eikmeier (Spring 2007).  "Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism" .  Parameters . pp. 85?98. Archived from  the original ???????????? 2007-06-09 ?????? Wayback Machine .  on June 9, 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  49. ↑ Messages , (2005), p. 143. from an interview published in  Al-Quds Al-Arabi  in London, November 12, 2001 (originally published in Pakistani daily,  Ausaf , Nov. 7)
  50. ↑ Messages to the World , (2005), pp. xix?xx, editor Bruce Lawrence.
  51. ↑ "Conversation With Terror" .  Time . January 1999. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  52. ↑ "frontline: the terrorist and the superpower: who is bin laden?: interview with osama bin laden (in may 1998)" . pbs.org. Archived from  the original  on May 8, 1999.
  53. ↑ Messages , (2005), p. 190. from 53-minute audiotape that "was circulated on various websites" dated February 14, 2003. "Among a Band of Knights"
  54. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 303 "From interview with  Ali Soufan ? a  Lebanese  Sunni FBI agent"
  55. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 167
  56. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 172
  57. ↑ " Bin Laden: Goal is to bankrupt U.S. ". CNN. November 2, 2004.
  58. ↑ "Full transcript of bin Ladin's speech" .  Al Jazeera . November 1, 2004. Retrieved November 16, 2008
  59. ↑ "Bin Laden called for Americans to rise up over climate change" .  Reuters . 2016-03-03. Retrieved2016-04-03.
  60. ↑ http://www.washingtontimes.com , The Washington Times.  "Osama bin Laden called for Americans to help Obama fight climate change" ???????????? 2016-04-03 ?????? Wayback Machine . .  The Washingtion Times . Retrieved 2016-04-03.
  61. ↑ "Who is Osama Bin Laden?" . BBC News. September 18, 2001. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
  62. ↑ Interview with Robert Fisk, March 22, 1997, 'The Great War For Civilisation', 2005, p.7.
  63. ↑ "Story of US, CIA and Taliban" .  The Brunei Times . 2009. Archived from  the original  on 2013-12-05.
  64. ↑ The Cost of an Afghan 'Victory'" .  The Nation . 1999. Archived from  the original  on 2014-03-02.
  65. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 145 "Lawrence Wright estimates his share of the Saudi Binladin Group circa fall 1989 as amounted to 27 million Saudi riyals ? a little more than [US]$7 million."
  66. ↑ Bergen 2006 , pp. 74?88
  67. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 133?134
  68. ↑ Wright 2006 , p. 260
  69. ↑ Asthana, N. C (January 1, 2009).  Urban Terrorism : Myths And Realities . Pointer Publishers. p. 108. ISBN   978-81-7132-598-6 .
  70. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 146
  71. ↑ Jehl, Douglas (December 27, 2001).  "A Nation Challenged: Holy war lured Saudis as rulers looked Away" .  The New York Times . pp. A1, B4. RetrievedMay 28, 2010.
  72. ↑ 'The Great War for Civilisation', Robert Fisk, 2005, p4.
  73. ↑ "USA v. Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel-Rahman et al: 93-CR-181-KTD" . MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Archived from  the original  on January 9, 2008. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 David Rose (January 2002)  The Osama Files   Vanity Fair
  75. ↑ Gallab, Abdullahi A. (2008).  The first Islamist republic: development and disintegration of Islamism in Sudan . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 127.  ISBN   978-0-7546-7162-6 . Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  76. ↑ 'The Great War for Civilisation', Robert Fisk, 2005, p5.
  77. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 195
  78. ↑ Hunting the Jackal: A Special Forces and CIA Soldier's Fifty Years on the Frontlines of the War Against Terrorism,  2004.
  79. ↑ "Responses to Al Qaeda's Initial Assaults"  (PDF). 9/11 Commission. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
  80. ↑ Megan K. Stack (December 6, 2001).  "Fighters Hunt Former Ally" .  Los Angeles Times . Retrieved May 28,2010.
  81. ↑ "The Foundation of the New Terrorism"  (PDF). 9/11 Commission. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
  82. ↑ Wright 2006 , pp. 222
  83. ↑ Stern 2003 , pp. 253
  84. ↑ Bergen 2008 , p. 14.
  85. ↑ "Who is bin Laden?: Chronology" . PBS. RetrievedMay 28, 2010.
  86. ↑ testimony of Jamal al-Fadl, U.S. v. Usama bin Laden, et al.
  87. ↑ Jailan Halawi, "bin Laden behind Luxor Massacre?", Al-Ahram Weekly , May 20?26, 1999.
  88. ↑ Testimony of  Abdurahman Khadr  as a witness in the trial against Charkaoui, July 13, 2004.
  89. ↑ Rashid,  Taliban , p. 139
  90. ↑ Michel Elbaz (July 18, 2005).  ???????????? 2010-07-03 ?????? Wayback Machine . . Axis Globe. Archived from  the original  on July 21, 2010.
  91. ↑ "Bin Ladin Preparing to Hijack U.S. Aircraft and Other Attacks" .  Director of Central Intelligence . December 4, 1998. Archived from  the original  on May 22, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  92. ↑ "God knows it did not cross our minds to attack the towers" .  The Guardian  (London). October 30, 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  93. ↑ Greg Miller (May 5, 2011).  "CIA spied on bin Laden from safe house" .  The Washington Post . RetrievedMay 6, 2011.
  94. ↑ Cooper, Helene (May 1, 2011).  "Obama Announces Killing of Osama bin Laden" .  The New York Times . Retrieved May 1, 2011.
  95. ↑ C. Christine Fair (May 4, 2011).  "The bin Laden aftermath: The U.S. shouldn't hold Pakistan's military against Pakistan's civilians" ???????????? 2012-06-12 ?????? Wayback Machine . .  Foreign Policy . RetrievedMay 10, 2011.
  96. ↑ "Osama Bin Laden, al-Qaeda leader, dead ? Barack Obama" . BBC News. May 1, 2011. Retrieved May 2,2011.
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