????????????

???????????? ? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????, ????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??? ?????????????? ????? ?? ??????????????? (?????????????) ??????????. ^[1] ????????????? ????, ??????????? ????????? (?????????, ???????? ?? ????????? ????????) ???, ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????????. ????????? ?????????, ?????????, ?????????, ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????.

?? ?????????, ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ( ??????????? ), ????????? ????????? ( ????????? ), ?????????? ( ????????? ), ?????????? ( ???????? ), ?????-?????????? ( ????????????? ), ??????????? ( ?????????? ) ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????.

??????????? ???? ????????????? ?????, ????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????.

???????? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ?????????????“ ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? 1958 ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????“ . ^[2]^[3]^[4] ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? , ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????. ?? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????.

???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????, ????????? ??????????, ???????? ????????, ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ?? ???????????? ???????, ??? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????, ????? ???? ?????????. ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???, ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????????; ??????? (???????????) ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????. ???? ?????, ??????????? ????????, ???? ?? ???? ???? ??, ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????, ??? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????, ?????? ???????? (????????????) ???????????. ^[5]

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meritocracy
↑ Ford, Boris. 1992 The Cambridge cultural history of Britain. Cambridge University Press. p.34.
↑ Kamolnick, Paul. 2005. The just meritocracy: IQ, class mobility, and American social policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.87.
↑ Best, Shaun. 2005. Understand Social Divisions. SAGE. p.32.
↑ Stephen J. McNamee and Robert K. Miller, Jr., [The Meritocracy Myth http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com/isbn/0742510565 ] (Rowman & Littlefield, 2004); see also the authors' summary

[1] ttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meritocracy

[2] Ford, Boris. 1992 The Cambridge cultural history of Britain. Cambridge University Press. p.34.

[3] Kamolnick, Paul. 2005. The just meritocracy: IQ, class mobility, and American social policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.87.

[4] Best, Shaun. 2005. Understand Social Divisions. SAGE. p.32.

[5] Stephen J. McNamee and Robert K. Miller, Jr., [The Meritocracy Myth http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com/isbn/0742510565 ] (Rowman & Littlefield, 2004); see also the authors' summary

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