??????
???????? A?gabat
??????????? ???????
?????
???????	??????????
??????????????	??????????
???? ??????	Bagtyyarlyk District , Berkararlyk District , Buzmeyin District ?? Kopetdag District
????????????	37°58′00″ ?. ?. 58°20′00″ ?. ?.  /  37.96667° ?. ?. 58.33333° ?. ?.  / 37.96667; 58.33333
?????????	Shamuhammet Durdylyyev
???????	1818
???????	765 ??²
??????? ???????	219±1 ?????
?????????? ???	?????????? ???
??????????	695 300 ???? (2001)
??????? ????????	UTC+5
??????? ???????	744000 ? 744901
???????????? ????	AG
?????????? ?????	http://ashgabat.gov.tm/en/
???????? ????????????

???????? ( 1919 ?1927 ?????? ?????????? ; ?????. A?gabat, ?????. ??? ????, ?) ? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????. 2001 ???? ??????? ???????????, ???? ?????????? 695 300 ???????? ???. ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????-????? ???? ?????. ????????? ???????? ?????? , ??????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????????????. 250 ??-?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

?????? ??????? 1881 ????, ?????? ????? ???? ????-? ????? ?????? ???. ?? 1924 ???? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? 1948 ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? "????? ???????" ?????????. ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???????????. ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????. 2019 ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???-???? ??????? ?????? ?.? "????????? ???????????" ????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????????.

??????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ??????????? ???? - A?gabat, ???? ??????? - Ашхабад. 1991 ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? - Ashkhabad, ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???. 1919-??? 1927 ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????. ^[1]

?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? , ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????. ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ??????????????? ??-3 ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????, ????? I-?? ?????? ?????. ^[2]

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ??-2 ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ??.? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????. ????????? ????? ???????, ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??-13 ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??-19 ?????????. ^{[3] [4]}

?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???, ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? 1881 ????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????????? ??????? 1881 ???? 18 ???????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????, ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????. ?????-???????? ???????? ??????????? 1886 ???? ??????. ??????????? ????????? ???????? 2 500-??? (1881 ????) 19 428-??? (1897). ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????. ^[5]

?????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????, ????????? ?? ???????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????, ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? - ??????-?????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????.

??????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ??????????? ????????? 1917 ???? ?????????? ????????. ?????, 1918 ???? ??????? ????????????, ??????-????????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????. ?????????? ????? 1919 ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????. 1919 ????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? 1924 ????. ^{[6] [7]} ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????. ???????????? ?????? ?????? 1927 ???? ?????????. ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????, ?????????? ???? - ?????????? ?????, ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? (????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ??????????????? (1953) ?????????? 1961 ??????). ^{[8] [9]}

?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????????????, ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????, 1948 ???? 6 ?????????. ????????? ???????? ?????? 7.3 ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? 2/3 ???????, ??? 110-176 000 ???????? ?????????. ^{[10] [11]} ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? 40 000. ^[12]

?????????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

2003 ???? ???????, ????? ????????, ????? 9 ???????? ?????????, ???????? 4-????? ??????? ????????. 2006 ????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ???????????, ??????????? ?? ?.? ????????????. ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? - ??????????????? ???????.

2013 ????, ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????.

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1881 ???????? ??????? ?????????? 2 500 ???? ?????????, ???? 1886 ???????? - 10 000-?, ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?????-???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ?? ???????, ???????????, ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????:

1897 ???? - 19 426 ??????? 1908 ???? - 39 867 ???????

1911 ???? - 45 384 ???????

1881 ???? ??????, ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? 20%-???? ????????????? ?????????? (????????? ????????), ?????? ?????? ???? ???????????. ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ???-?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???. ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? 1920-??? ????????, ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? . 1926 ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????:

?????? - 52.4%

??????? - 11.3%

?????????? - 4.3%

?????????? - 2.2%

???? ?????????? - 29.8%

??? 51 593 ????????. 1939 ????????, ????????? ???? 126 500 ???? ?????????, ??? ????? 11.7% ?????????? ??????. 1959 ???? ???????????, ??????? 169 900 ???????? ?????????, ???? 1983 ???? ?? ??????????? 338 000-??? ????????, ????? ??????? 105 ????????. ??????????? ????? ?? 40%-? ???????.

2012 ???? ??????????? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????????? 85%-? ????????. ??? ?????????? ?????? 7.7%-??, ??????? 1.5%-??, ??????? 1.1%-??, ???????? 1.1%-?? ?? ??????????????? 1%-??.

?????????? ?? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????. ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? 1950 ???? ???????. ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????????. ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? 1980 ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???.

???? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????-????????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????. ???????? ?????? ??????-????????? ??????, ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????.

??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????, ????????? ?????? 11 ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. 1948 ????????, ?? ???? 3 ???????? ?????????? ????????????, 20 ????????? ?????, 60 ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???.

??????????? ???????????? ???????? 1951 ???? 29 ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????, 26 ??????????-??????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????????? ???????, 17 ???????? ?????????? ??????, 2 ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????????. ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????. 2019 ????, ??????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????, ??????????? ??????????-???????? ????????????, ????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????-? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ??????.

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? 200-??? 255 ?????????, ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? 401 ?????? ??????????. ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? 25 ??????????? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? , ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????, ????? ???????. ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? 2015 ???? ??????? ?????????? - 47.2°C. ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? 1969 ???? ???????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????????? -24.1°C-??? ?????. ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? 201 ??????????. ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?????????.

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????, ????????? ????????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????.

????????? 2018 ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????.

???? ????????, 1999 ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????.

???????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917?1992).

Топонимический словарь." ( City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917?1992).

Toponymic Dictionary. ) Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.

?????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• ??????????? ????????? ???

????????????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• ????? , ??????????
• ????????? , ???
• ?????? , ???????

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• Ashgabat Photo Gallery.
• impressions of Ashgabat ???????????? 2008-05-09 ?????? Wayback Machine . ( ????????? )
• Ashgabat Photo Gallery. Pictures of modern Ashgabat.
• Page on modern Ashgabat ???????????? 2008-01-23 ?????? Wayback Machine . ( ?????? )

?   ?   ?   ?   ? ??????????? ?????????? ????????/?????????? ????? ( ???? )  · ??????? ( ??????????? )  · ???????? ( ???????? )  · ?????? ( ???????????? )  · ???? ( ???? ) ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????

1. ↑ Клычев, Анна-Мухамед (1976). Ашхабад (in Russian). Изд-во "Туркменистан".
2. ↑ http://turkmeniya.tripod.com/id27.html Turkmeniya.tripod.com. Retrieved November 24, 2013.
3. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141029043151/http://www.geographicbureau.com/trips/central_asia/turkmenistan/info/brief_description_of_the_main_s.jdx October 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
4. ↑ https://archive.org/details/turkmenistan00know Knowlton, MaryLee (2006). Turkmenistan . Marshall Cavendish. p. 40 ISBN 978-0-7614-2014-9 .
5. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Askabad Encyclopædia Britannica . 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 762.
6. ↑ Pospelov, pp. 29?30
7. ↑ Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика: Энциклопедический справочник (in Russian). Ashkhabad: Издательство Чувашского обкома КПСС. 1984.
8. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_t5DxV7cXgQ&list=PLQNy8KsDknCr92fIXYcOKL42U35wRAV9Y&index=3 October 4, 2016
9. ↑ "Gazetteer of Ashgabat Street Name https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Gazetteer_of_Ashgabat_Street_Names
10. ↑ http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3891&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display Significant Earthquake Database .
11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090901233953/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
12. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/life/newsid_3169000/3169472.stm Ардаев, Владимир (October 6, 2003). "Би-би-си | Люди и нравы | Горькая память Ашхабада"