한국   대만   중국   일본 
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???????????/??? 61,080+

??????? ????????? (????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? [1] [2] ) ? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????, ??????? 2010-???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? [?] . ??????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????, 2010 ???? 17 ????????? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??? ??????, ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ?????? ????? ????-??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? [3] . ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????, ????????? ??? ??-?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????. ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? [?] , ?????? , ???????? , ?????? [?] , ???????? [?] ?? ????? [?] . ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? , ?????? ???????? , ?????? , ??????? , ??????? [?] , ?????? , ???????? , ??????? . [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????.

??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????) [11] , ??? ??????????? ????????????, ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? [12] .

???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????????, ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. [13] [14] ????????, ?????????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????. ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????, ???????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ????????? ???????? ??????, 2012 ???? ???????? ???????????? ????????? , ???????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????. ?????????, ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? [?] ??????? ??????. [15] [16]

????????? ???????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???. [3] ??????? , ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????, ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????. ??????? , ??????? , ??????? ?? ?????? 2019-2020 ?????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????. [17]

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ???????? ??????????“ ?????????, ?????? ?????????, ???????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????. 1848 ???? ??????????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????????. ?? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? .

2010 - 2012 ??????, ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? Foreign Policy-? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???????, ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ????????????, ???????? ?????? ???????? 2005 ???? ????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? 1989 ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????, ?????, ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????, 1989 ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. [18] [19] [20]

???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

2010 ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???. ?????????? ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???. [21] [22] [23]

??????? ??????????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????. ??????? , ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????????, ???????? ????????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????????, [24] ????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????. ??????????? ??????? 1976 - 1982 ?????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ????, ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????, ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????????????????? ???????. [25] [26] ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????. ???? ????????????? ??????????? 2004 ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???. [27] ????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ????????? ??????? ?????????, 2006 - 2011 ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????????????. [28]

????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????, ????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. 2000 - 2010 ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? 15 ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? 80 ??????? ????????. ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ?? 2011 ????????, ??????????? 42% ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????. ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????. [29]

????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? . ????????, ???? ???????, ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????, ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????. ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????. [30] ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??????????? ?????????? 65 % ?????? ???????, 35 % ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???. ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????. [31]

??????? , ?????????? ????????? ???, ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? , 1969 ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????. ??????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????????. ?????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????, ???, ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????, ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??????. [32]

??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ??????????, ????????, ????????, ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???????????. ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????. [33]

?????? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????
17 ????????? 2010 ტუნისის დროშა ?????? ?????????
????????? ??????????????; ?????????????? ????????; 		???????????? ???????
?????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? (14 ??????? 2011) 		338
28 ????????? 2010 ალჟირის დროშა ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? (3 ????????? 2011) [34] 8 [35]
15 ????????? 2011 ლიბიის დროშა ????? 23 ????????? 2011 ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? 9,400?20,000 [36]
14 ??????? 2011 იორდანიის დროშა ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? II -? ???????? ???????? (1 ????????? 2011) 3 [37]
17 ??????? 2011 მავრიტანიის დროშა ?????????? 17 ??????? 2011 ????????? 1
17 ??????? 2011 სუდანის დროშა ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? 200+ [38]
17 ??????? 2011 ომანის დროშა ????? 17 ??????? 2011 ?????????? ??????? 2-6 [39] [40] [41]
18 ??????? 2011 იემენის დროშა ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????? [42]
????????? ?????????????? [43] [44] 		??????????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? (2 ????????? 2011) [45] 2,000 [46]
21 ??????? 2011 საუდის არაბეთის დროშა ?????? ??????? 29 ??????? 2011 ????????? [47]
?????????????? [48] 		4
25 ??????? 2011 ეგვიპტის დროშა ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? (29 ??????? 2011)
????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? (11 ????????? 2011) [49] 		846 [50]
26 ??????? 2011 სირიის დროშა ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? 1
30 ??????? 2011 მაროკოს დროშა ?????? ????????? 0
1 ????????? 2011 ჯიბუტის დროშა ?????? 1 ????????? 2011 ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? 2 [51]
4 ?????????, 2011 ბაჰრეინის დროშა ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ????????? 1000 ?????? ????? ????? (11 ?????????) 120 [52]
10 ????????? 2011 ერაყის დროშა ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? 35
14 ????????? 2011 ირანის დროშა ????? ????????, ???????? 2
19 ????????? 2011 ქუვეითის დროშა ??????? ???????? 2012 ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????-???????? ????? ??-?????? 0 [53]
??? ????????: 61,080+

????????????? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????????? ??????? ????????? 14 ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????. [54] ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ??? ????????, ?????, ?????????? ????????? ???????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????. [55] ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???, ?????, ????? 17 ?????????, ????????? ????????????, ????????? ???????? , ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ?????, ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ???????????? ??????, ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? 22 ?????????, ?????????? 100 000 ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????????? ????????????, ?????????? ???????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ?????????, [56] ??????, ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? 15 ?????, ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? , ????????? ???????????? ?????????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. [57] [58]

15 ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????. [59] ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????. [60] ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?? 1 ??????, ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????. [61] ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????, ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????, ?????? ??????? ????????????. ????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ???? ????????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????, ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????. [62] ????????? ????????????, ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????. ????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????????, 35-80 ???????? ????????. [63]

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? ?????????? ?????????? 2011 ???? 25 ??????? ??????. ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???, ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?? 25 ???????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ????, ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????. [64] ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????, ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????. [65] 27 ???????, ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ?? 31 ????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ????-??????????, ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???. [66]

?????????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. 11 ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????-????????? ???? ????????? ???????, ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????. [67] ????????, ????? ????, ???????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????. ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????. [68] ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, 4 ????? ??????? ???????-????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? 19 ????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????. [69]

?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? 2011 ???? ???????????? ?????????, ????????????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ???????????. [70] ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????; ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??-????? ???????? ????????? ????????. [71] ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????? , ???????? 2012 ???? 30 ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????. [72] ????????, ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????????, ????? 2012 ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? 2013 ???? 3 ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????. ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ?????-????? ??-???? , ????????, ??????????????? ????????? ???? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ????????????. [73] [74] [75]

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? 2011 ???? ???????? ??????. ???????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????, ?????????, ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 1990 ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. [76] ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. [77] ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????, ?????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????. [78] ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????, ??? ???????, 2013 ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????. [79]

??????? ????????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???-???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???? ?????? ????????; ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????. [80] ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????, ????? ????????, ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????. [81] ???????, ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ?? 2011 ???? 3 ??????, ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????. ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ??????????? ????-??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??-????? ?????????. [82] [83] ?????????? ????? ???????????, ???????? ???????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????. 2011 ???? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ????????, ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????, ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????, 23 ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???? ???????. [84] ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????, ????? ????? ??? ????-??????????? ????? ?????. [85] ????????, 2015 ????, ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????, ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????.

????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ?????????? ??????? 2011 ???? 15 ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????; ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????. [86] ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????; ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????. [87]

27 ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????. [88] ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????. [89] ????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????, ???????, ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? 1973-? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????. [89] ?????????? ????????? ????????????, ????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????.

2011 ???? ???????? ?????, ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????. [90] ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?? 2011 ???? 20 ?????????, ????????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??, ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????. [91] [92] ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????, ??????? 2021 ???? ???????????? ????? ?????????.

????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? 2011 ???? ??????-?????????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ?????????. ??????? ????????????????? ??????????, 2011 ???? ??????, ?????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ????????? ???-???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????. ????????????, ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ????????. [93] [94] ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????. 15 ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????, ?????, ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????. [95] ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????, ?????, ???????, ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. [96] [97] ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????. [98] [99] ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????????, ?????? ???????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????, ??????? 2020 ???????? ????? ?????????.

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??????? ??????? ???, ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????. 2010 ???? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????????? ?? ????????? ????????????. ????????, ?????????? ??? ??-?????? ??? ??? , ??????? ???????? 23 ???? ???????????? ????????, 14 ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????. [100] ??? ???? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????-????????? ??????? ??????? , ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ?? ????????? ????????????-???????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????, ????? ????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????. [101] ???????, ???????????? ??????????? ?????????, ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????, ????? ????????, 6 ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????-???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????. [102] ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? 27 ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????????. [103] 9 ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. [104] ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ???????-???????? ???? ???? ??-????? ?????. ???????? ?????????, ???????? 2011 ???? 23 ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????????; ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????. [105] ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????. [106] 12 ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????. [107]

2014 ???? 26 ???????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????, ????????, ?????????? ???????????????, ???????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????. [108] [109] [110] 2014 ???? 26 ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? 23 ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????, ??????????? ????????? ????????. [111] 2019 ???? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????, ??????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????, ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????. [112]

???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????, ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? [113] ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????. [114] ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ????????????? , ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????, ???? ???? ??? ?????????, ???????? ????????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????, ????????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????.

????????? , ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? 2013 ???? 3 ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ???????????, ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????. 2013 ???? 14 ????????, ??????? , ????? ??-??????? ?? ??-?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????? 1000-???? ????????? ???????? ??????????. [115] ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????. 2015 ????, ??????, ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????, ??? ????????? ?????? ??-?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????. [116] ????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ?????, ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????, [117] ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????. [118]

??????? , ?????? , ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? , ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? 40 000 ????????. [119] [120] ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????, 2013 - 2014 ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????, ?????, ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. [121] ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????.

?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ???????????, ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? [122] ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????. ???????, ??????? ????????? ?? ??????????? , ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????, ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????. [123] ??? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????. ?????????, 2019 ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? 3 585 000 ????????. [124] ?????????? ?? ?????? 655 000, [125] , ???? ??????? 936 000 ???. [126] ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????, ??? ?????????, ??????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. [127] [128]

????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????-???. ?????? ???? ??????? ????????????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????. [129] [130] ?????? ????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????, ???????, ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????. [131]

???????????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, ????????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ????????, ??????? ??????? ??-?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????????, ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. [132]

?????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

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  • Blumi, Isa., Destroying Yemen, University of California Press, 2018, ISBN 9780520296138
  • Feldman, Noah., The Arab Winter: A Tragedy, Princeton University Press, 2020, ISBN 9780691194920
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  • Ketchley, Neil., Egypt in a Time of Revolution: Contentious Politics and The Arab Spring, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-18497-8
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  • Matar, Linda, Kadri, Ali (eds.), Syria: From National Independence to Proxy War, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, ISBN 978-3-319-98457-5
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????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

  1. ↑ РБК: ??????? ??????????? ??????“ ????????? . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2011-03-05. ????????? ??????: 2011-02-20.
  2. ↑ ????? Эхо Москвы, ?????-??????????: ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????. ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????“ ???????????. . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2011-02-18. ????????? ??????: 2011-02-20.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 How Successful was the Arab Spring’s Only Successful Revolution?
  4. ↑ Thousands in Yemen Protest Against the Government
  5. ↑ Posted by multiple January 26, 2011. Protest spreads in the Middle East - The Big Picture . Boston.com. ????????? ??????: 2011-02-01.
  6. ↑ Mauritanie: mecontent du regime, un homme s'immole par le feu a Nouakchott - Flash actualite - Monde - 17/01/2011 . leParisien.fr (2011-01-17). ????????????? ???????????? ? 2011-02-24. ????????? ??????: 2011-01-29.
  7. ↑ BBC News - Man dies after setting himself on fire in Saudi Arabia . Bbc.co.uk (2011-01-23). ????????? ??????: 2011-01-29.
  8. ↑ PressTV - Sudan opposition leader arrested . Presstv.ir (2011-01-19). ????????? ??????: 2011-01-29.
  9. ↑ Matthew Cassel. (2011-01-27) Lebanon convulses on 'Day of Rage' - Features . Al Jazeera English. ????????? ??????: 2011-02-01.
  10. ↑ afrol News - Morocco King on holiday as people consider revolt . Afrol.com. ????????? ??????: 2011-02-01.
  11. ↑ What was the role of religion in the Arab Spring?
  12. ↑ Pradhan, Prasanta Kumar, Arab Spring and Sectarian Faultlines in West Asia: Bahrain, Yemen and Syria, Pentagon Press, New Delhi, 2017, ISBN 978-93-86618-05-4
  13. ↑ America rebukes Bahrain after violent crackdown on demonstrators
  14. ↑ Syrian Troops Open Fire on Protesters in Several Cities
  15. ↑ Feldman, Noah. The Arab Winter: A Tragedy, Princeton University Press,2020, ISBN 9780691201443
  16. ↑ King, Stephen J. The Arab Winter: Democratic Consolidation, Civil War, and Radical Islamists, Cambridge University Press, 2020, ISBN-10: 1108708668
  17. ↑ The labour movement and the future of democracy in Egypt
  18. ↑ Springborg Robert, Whither the Arab Spring? 1989 or 1848?, The International Spectator, 46:3, pp. 5-12
  19. ↑ Choose Your Middle East Historical Comparison: 1989, 1968 or 1848?
  20. ↑ European vs Arab revolutions: regimes, ideas, violence
  21. ↑ Bullets Stall Youthful Push for Arab Spring
  22. ↑ Anatomy of Arab revolutions shows trend toward democracy
  23. ↑ The Struggle for Middle East Democracy
  24. ↑ Primer on the Alawites in Syria
  25. ↑ Kerr, Michael, Larkin, Craig (Eds.) ? The Alawis of Syria: War, Faith and Politics in The Levant, Oxford University Press, 2015, ??. 118, ISBN 9780190458119
  26. ↑ Lefevre, Raphael ? Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria, Oxford University Press, 2016, ??. 128-130, ISBN 978-0-19-933062-1
  27. ↑ Balanche Fabrice, Sectarianism in Syria’s Civil War, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2018, p. 16
  28. ↑ The Drought That Preceded Syria's Civil War Was Likely the Worst in 900 Years
  29. ↑ Q&A: Egyptian protests against Hosni Mubarak
  30. ↑ The real story of Bahrain's divided society
  31. ↑ Al-Sakkaf Nadia, Yemen’s Relapse into Tribalism, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2016
  32. ↑ The Muammar Gaddafi story
  33. ↑ Middle East Youth Bulge: Challenge or Opportunity?
  34. ↑ Algeria to lift emergency powers' . Al-Jazeera (2011-02-03). ????????? ??????: 2011-02-03.
  35. ↑ Krause, Flavia (27 ??????? 2011). ?Obama Poised to Step Up Criticism of Mubarak If Crackdown Is Intensified“ . Bloomberg . ????????????? ???????????? ? 29 ??????? 2011 . ????????? ??????: 28 ????????? 2011 .
  36. ↑ Ian Black (8 January 2013). ?Libyan revolution casualties lower than expected, says new government“ . London: Guardian . ????????? ??????: 2 October 2013 .
  37. ↑ Region ? World ? Ahram Online . English.ahram.org.eg. ????????????? ???????????? ? 29 May 2013. ????????? ??????: 30 May 2013.
  38. ↑ UN rights monitor condemns deadly Sudan crackdown . Daily News Egypt (4 October 2013). ????????????? ???????????? ? 16 October 2014.
  39. ↑ Surk, Barbara. ?Police in Oman fire tear gas, rubber bullets at protesters seeking political reform; 1 killed“ . Google News. Canadian Press. ????????????? ???????????? ? 3 March 2011 . ????????? ??????: 27 February 2011 .
  40. ↑ Deaths in Oman protests . Al Jazeera (27 February 2011). ????????????? ???????????? ? 2 December 2011. ????????? ??????: 27 February 2011.
  41. ↑ ?Oman clashes: Two killed during protests in Gulf state“ . BBC News. 8 February 2011. ????????????? ???????????? ? 27 February 2011 . ????????? ??????: 27 February 2011 .
  42. ↑ Bryan, Angie (2009-12-28). ?Yemeni tribal leader: for Saleh, Saudi involvement in Sa'ada comes not a moment too soon“ (?????????). WikiLeaks . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2011-01-30 . ????????? ??????: 2011-01-31 . ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????(??)?: |coauthors= ( ????????? )
  43. ↑ ?Yemenis in anti-president protest“ (?????????). Irish Times . January 27, 2011.
  44. ↑ BAKRI, NADA (27 Jan 2011). ?Thousands in Yemen Protest Against the Government“ (?????????). The New York Times.
  45. ↑ Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh 'to quit in 2013' . BBC News (2011-02-02). ????????? ??????: 2011-02-02.
  46. ↑ Yemen says more than 2,000 killed in uprising . The Washington Post . (19 March 2012).
  47. ↑ Man dies after setting himself on fire in Saudi Arabia . BBC News (23 January 2011). ????????? ??????: 23 January 2011.
  48. ↑ Flood sparks rare action . Montreal Gazette (29 January 2011). ????????????? ???????????? ? 1 ????????? 2011. ????????? ??????: 29 January 2011.
  49. ↑ Лента.ру: ???????? ???????
  50. ↑ Egypt unrest: 846 killed in protests ? official toll . BBC (19 April 2011). ????????????? ???????????? ? 28 November 2014.
  51. ↑ Djiboutians rally to oust president . Al Jazeera (18 February 2011). ????????????? ???????????? ? 13 December 2014.
  52. ↑ Check Casualties of the Bahraini uprising (2011?present) for comprehensive list
  53. ↑ 30 wounded in Kuwait protests on Friday . MSN. ????????????? ???????????? ? 22 February 2011.
  54. ↑ Pradhan, Prasanta Kumar, Arab Spring and Sectarian Faultlines in West Asia: Bahrain, Yemen and Syria, Pentagon Press, New Delhi, 2017, ISBN 978-93-86618-05-4
  55. ↑ Protester killed in Bahrain "Day of Rage" - witnesses
  56. ↑ Amnesty International Annual Report 2012 - Bahrain
  57. ↑ UAE and Saudi Arabia send forces to Bahrain
  58. ↑ Gulf states send forces to Bahrain following protests
  59. ↑ Bahrain imposes state of emergency
  60. ↑ Bahrain authorities destroy Pearl Roundabout
  61. ↑ Bahrain sees new clashes as martial law lifted
  62. ↑ Bahrain delays U.N. investigator, limits rights group visits
  63. ↑ Teenager dies during pro-democracy protests in Bahrain
  64. ↑ Energized by Tunisia, Egypt protesters surge onto streets in 'Day of Wrath
  65. ↑ How Egypt shut down the internet
  66. ↑ Egypt Gets New-Look Cabinet As Protests Continue
  67. ↑ Egypt's Mubarak refuses to quit . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2018-01-02. ????????? ??????: 2021-01-15.
  68. ↑ Egypt crisis: President Hosni Mubarak resigns as leader
  69. ↑ In Egypt, crowd cheers newly appointed prime minister Essam Sharaf
  70. ↑ Hundreds of thousands revitalise Egypt's revolution on Determination Friday
  71. ↑ New Turmoil in Egypt Greets Mixed Verdict for Mubarak
  72. ↑ New president: Egypt turns page to new era
  73. ↑ Sisi Isn’t Mubarak. He’s Much Worse.
  74. ↑ Worse than Mubarak
  75. ↑ What Mubarak was better at than Sisi
  76. ↑ Anti-Government Protests in Yemen: An Opportunity for Unity or a Catalyst for Further Unrest?
  77. ↑ Protests erupt in Yemen, president offers reform
  78. ↑ Popular Protest in the Middle East and North Africa: Yemen Between Reform and Revolution . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2021-06-20. ????????? ??????: 2021-01-15.
  79. ↑ Yemeni president signals he won't stay beyond 2013
  80. ↑ Yemen: Hashid tribal fighters in ceasefire with Saleh
  81. ↑ Yemen’s Saleh refuses to sign deal to quit
  82. ↑ Yemen President Saleh leaves Saudi hospital: sources
  83. ↑ Yemen crisis: One-way ticket for Saleh?
  84. ↑ President Saleh signs Gulf-brokered power deal ending 33 years in office
  85. ↑ ?????????? ????????
  86. ↑ Libya's Split Between Cyrenaica and Tripolitania
  87. ↑ As Libya uprising reaches Tripoli Gaddafi vows to 'open up the arsenals'
  88. ↑ Anti-Gaddafi figures say form national council
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Oyenyi, Bukola A. The History of Libya, Greenwood Publishing, Denver, 2019, pp. 182-185, ISBN 9781440856068
  90. ↑ Libya interim leaders give ultimatum to Gaddafi forces
  91. ↑ New footage shows Gaddafi being beaten before death
  92. ↑ Libya: Apparent Execution of 53 Gaddafi Supporters
  93. ↑ How schoolboys began the Syrian revolution
  94. ↑ Syria protests spread, authorities pull back
  95. ↑ A look at key events in Syria since March 2011
  96. ↑ Syria unrest: Mass rallies after Friday prayers
  97. ↑ How Syrian Activists Name Their Friday Protests
  98. ↑ A dilemma for Syria’s minorities
  99. ↑ Eyewitness from Homs: An Alawite Refugee Warns of Sectarian War in Syria
  100. ↑ Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali forced to flee Tunisia as protesters claim victory
  101. ↑ Protests hit Tunisia amid mourning
  102. ↑ Tunisian minister suspends ex-ruling party
  103. ↑ Tunisian prime minister resigns amid protests
  104. ↑ Tunisia court dissolves ousted president's party
  105. ↑ Murphy, Emma C., The Tunisian elections of October 2011:a democratic consensus, The Journal of North African Studies, 2013, Vol. 18:2,pp. 231-247
  106. ↑ Tunisia's Islamist Ennahda party wins historic poll
  107. ↑ Tunisian activist, Moncef Marzouki, named president
  108. ↑ Tunisia assembly passes new constitution
  109. ↑ Tunisia’s New Constitution
  110. ↑ Tunisia’s new constitution: progress and challenges to come
  111. ↑ Legislative and Presidential Elections in Tunisia
  112. ↑ Tunisia’s ?Second Revolution“
  113. ↑ The Arab winter
  114. ↑ Totten, Michael J. Arab Spring or Islamist Winter: Three Views, World Affairs, Vol. 174, No. 5, pp. 23-42
  115. ↑ Egypt: Rab’a Killings Likely Crimes against Humanity
  116. ↑ Egypt's Morsi, Muslim Brotherhood Leaders Sentenced to Death
  117. ↑ The Muslim Brotherhood on Trial in the UAE
  118. ↑ Surviving Repression: How Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood Has Carried On
  119. ↑ How many IS foreign fighters are left in Iraq and Syria?
  120. ↑ Greater Cooperation Needed to Tackle Danger Posed by Returning Foreign Fighters, Head of Counter?Terrorism Office Tells Security Council
  121. ↑ The rise and fall of the Isis 'caliphate'
  122. ↑ How the fall of Qaddafi gave rise to Europe's migrant crisis
  123. ↑ Migrant crisis: Migration to Europe explained in seven charts
  124. ↑ Turkiyedeki Suriyeli Sayısı Aralık 2020
  125. ↑ UNHCR continues to support refugees in Jordan throughout 2019
  126. ↑ Lebanon, The UN Refugee Agency . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2021-01-17. ????????? ??????: 2021-01-19.
  127. ↑ Turkey, EU and the imperilled refugee deal
  128. ↑ Libya: Renewal of migration deal confirms Italy’s complicity in torture of migrants and refugees
  129. ↑ Qatar crisis: What you need to know
  130. ↑ Islamist Archipelago: The Turkey-Qatar Nexus
  131. ↑ Saudi Arabia's 'slow steaming' changes to Islam may just work
  132. ↑ Ennahda’s Uneasy Exit From Political Islam
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