Saka Wikipedia Jawa, bauwarna mardika basa Jawa
jmpl|338x338px|Simbol Lex Heraldic
Ukum
(serepan saka
Arab
:
???
) yaiku kumpulan pranata kang dumadi saka norma lan sanksi.
[1]
Ukum minangka sakabehe kaedah-kaedah uga dhasar-dhasar sing ngatur tatanan kang kalebu bebadan lan proses-proses kanggo mujudake aturan kasebut dadi kasunyatan ing masyarakat. Ukum iku perkara kang nduweni gegayutan raket karo panguripane manungsa, tegese yaiku tatanan kang paling wigati sajrone ngleksanakake rangkaiankekuwatan penegakan ukum dening bebadan penegak ukum amarga kabeh panguripane manungsa diwatesi dening ukum.
[2]
[3]
Ukum ngatur sanksi kanggo penyalahgunaan kekuwatan ing bidang
pulitik
, ekonomi, lan masyarakat kanthi werna-werna cara, uga tumindak dadi perantara utama ing hubungan sosial antar
bebrayan
marang pelanggaran hak-hak individu ing
ukum perdata
, saha
ukum pidana
sing ngupayakake cara nagara kanggo nuntut pelaku pelanggaran ukum ing masyarakat.
Administratif ukum digunakake kanggo mriksa ulang saka
pamrentah
, dene ukum mancanegara ngatur perkara antara nagara mardika ing kegiyatan mulai saka dol-tinuku, lingkungan, peraturan, utawa tumindhak militer. Filsuf Aristoteles nyatakake yen "supremasi hukum bakal luwih apik tinimbang aturan tirani sing akeh banget."
[4]
[5]
- ↑
"Salinan arsip"
(PDF)
. Diarsip saka
sing asli
(PDF)
ing 2021-12-24
. Dibukak ing
2022-08-04
.
- ↑
Robertson,
Crimes against humanity
, 90; see "
analytical jurisprudence
" for extensive debate on what law is; in
The Concept of Law
Hart argued law is a "system of rules" (Campbell,
The Contribution of Legal Studies
, 184); Austin said law was "the command of a sovereign, backed by the threat of a sanction" (Bix,
John Austin
); Dworkin describes law as an "interpretive concept" to achieve
justice
(Dworkin,
Law's Empire
, 410); and Raz argues law is an "authority" to mediate people's interests (Raz,
The Authority of Law
, 3?36).
- ↑
https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2022/06/11/150500365/mengenal-apa-itu-hukum-pengertian-unsur-dan-sumbernya?page=all
- ↑
n.b. this translation reads, "it is more proper that law should govern than any one of the citizens: upon the same principle, if it is advantageous to place the supreme power in some particular persons, they should be appointed to be only guardians, and the servants of the laws." (Aristotle,
Politics
3.16
).
- ↑
Definisi "hukum" dari
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
(1997):