??????????

**??????????**
	???. ? ????????, Kurdistan
	; ???????? ????????? ??? ??? (1992 ??)
????????	???????, ????????, ?????????, ?????????, ????????, ??????? ? ????
?????????????	????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? , ???????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? , ??????????? ????? ? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????
Parts	??????????? ?????????? ; ???????? ?????????? ; ????????? ?????????? ; ???????? ??????????
???????	???? ; ???? ; ??????? ; ?????

?????????? ??? ??????? ( ???? ., ????? , ???. ? ????????, Kurdistan,??????? ,?k??d??st?ːn) ??? ??? ?????????? ^[3]^[4], ????????????? ???, ??? ?? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????, ????? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??????????? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ^[5]^[6]? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ^[7]? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ^[8]? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ?????? ^[9]? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ? ??? ?????? ???? ^[6]^[7]?

≪???????≫ ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ≪????????????????≫ ???, ????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ???????? ??? ????? ^[7]? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????????????, ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ^[5]^[10]? ≪???????≫ ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? , ????? ??????????? ??????? , ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????

?????? ????????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? , ??????? , ????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ? ??? ???????????? ??? ?? ???? ≪????????? ???????≫ (≪??????????? ???????≫, ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????), ≪???????? ???????≫ (≪???????? ???????≫), ≪??????? ???????≫ (≪????????? ???????≫) ? ≪???????? ???????≫ (≪???????? ???????≫) ???????????? ^[11]^[12]^[13]? 20-?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? (??????? ???????? ???????????????? , ????????? ???????????????? , ??????????? ??????????????? ??)? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ^[14]^[15]?

?????????? ??????? ???????????, ??? ??? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????????, ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ^[16]^[17]?

??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? ????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ??. ????????? , ????????? , ?????? ? ?????? ^[18]? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ?????, ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ? -? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????????? ??? ^[19] :

?????????? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Besikci, Ismail. Selected Writings [about] Kurdistan and Turkish Colonialism . London: Published jointly by Kurdistan Solidarity Committee and Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991. 44 p. Without ISBN
King, Diane E. Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq (Rutgers University Press; 2014) 267 pages; Scholarly study of traditional social networks, such as patron-client relations, as well as technologically mediated communication, in a study of gender, kinship, and social life in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Ocalan, Abdullah, Interviews and Speeches [about the Kurdish cause] . London: Published jointly by Kurdistan Solidarity Committee and Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991. 46 p. Without ISBN
Reed, Fred A. Anatolia Junction: a Journey into Hidden Turkey . Burnaby, B.C.: Talonbooks [sic], 1999. 320 p., ill. with b&w photos. N.B .: Includes a significant coverage of the Turkish sector of historic Kurdistan, the Kurds, and their resistance movement. 0-88922-426-9

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ ≪The Kurdish lands≫ . Library of Congress . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ????????? 6-?? .
↑ ≪Kurdistan ? Definitions from Dictionary.com≫ . ??????? ? 2007 ?? ?????????? 21-?? .
↑ Turkey demands Google remove Greater Kurdistan map by Rudaw , December 25, 2018
↑ Kaya, Zeynep (2020). Mapping Kurdistan: Territory, Self-Determination and Nationalism . Cambridge University Press. ???? 2, 137, 177, 197.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Zaken, Mordechai (2007). Jewish Subjects and Their Tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A Study in Survival . Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL. ???? 1 ?2. ISBN 9789004161900 . ≪Kurdistan was never a sovereign state, though the area with an ethnic and linguistic majority of Kurdish population is defined as Kurdistan.≫
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 O'Shea, Maria T. (2004). Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan . Routledge. ???? 77, 156. ISBN 0-203-50186-1 . OCLC 894246270 .
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 Asatrian, Garnik (2009). ≪Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds≫ . Iran and the Caucasus . 13 (1): 1?57. doi : 10.1163/160984909x12476379007846 . ISSN 1609-8498 .
↑ ???????? ?. ?., ?????-??????? ??. ?., ????????? ?. ?., ????????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? , ?. 5 [-] (???. ????????? ?. ?.), ?????, ≪?????? ??????????? ????????????????≫, 2001 , ?? 443 ? 916 ???
↑ ≪Kurdistan≫ . www.britannica.com (????????) . ??????? ? 2022 ?? ?????? 26-?? .
↑ M. T. O'Shea, Trapped between the map and reality: geography and perceptions of Kurdistan , 258 pp., Routledge, 2004. (see p.77)
↑ ???????????, ????? (2017 ?? ?????????? 6). ≪??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????≫ . ?????? ?????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????????????????, ???????????????? . 8 (2 (23)): 3?18. ISSN 2738-2613 .
↑ Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland , (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press
↑ ≪The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2005≫ . bartleby.com .
↑ ≪The Kurdish Conflict: Aspirations for Statehood within the Spirals of International Relations in the 21st Century≫ . Kurdishaspect.com. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ??????? 5-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ?????? 13-?? .
↑ Hamit Bozarslan “The Kurdish Question: Can it be solved within Europe?”, page 84 “The years of silence and of renewal” in Olivier Roy, ed. Turkey Today: A European Country? .
↑ ≪Kurds seek autonomy in democratic Syria≫ . BBC. 2012 ?? ???????? 16.
↑ ≪Syria to consider granting Kurds greater autonomy≫ . Al Jazeera . ??????? ? 2018 ?? ?????? 25-?? .
↑ [1] ?????????? 1 ????? 2008 Wayback Machine
↑ ≪Mahabad≫ . Britannica Online Encyclopedia . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ?????? 13-?? .

??????????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?? ≪??????????≫ ?????????

[1] ≪The Kurdish lands≫ . Library of Congress . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ????????? 6-?? .

[borders-2] ≪Kurdistan ? Definitions from Dictionary.com≫ . ??????? ? 2007 ?? ?????????? 21-?? .

[3] Turkey demands Google remove Greater Kurdistan map by Rudaw , December 25, 2018

[4] Kaya, Zeynep (2020). Mapping Kurdistan: Territory, Self-Determination and Nationalism . Cambridge University Press. ???? 2, 137, 177, 197.

[Zaken-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Zaken, Mordechai (2007). Jewish Subjects and Their Tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A Study in Survival . Leiden, The Netherlands: BRILL. ???? 1 ?2. ISBN 9789004161900 . ≪Kurdistan was never a sovereign state, though the area with an ethnic and linguistic majority of Kurdish population is defined as Kurdistan.≫

[:2-6] 6,0 ^6,1 O'Shea, Maria T. (2004). Trapped Between the Map and Reality: Geography and Perceptions of Kurdistan . Routledge. ???? 77, 156. ISBN 0-203-50186-1 . OCLC 894246270 .

[:1-7] 7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 Asatrian, Garnik (2009). ≪Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds≫ . Iran and the Caucasus . 13 (1): 1?57. doi : 10.1163/160984909x12476379007846 . ISSN 1609-8498 .

[texanunneri_bararan-8] ???????? ?. ?., ?????-??????? ??. ?., ????????? ?. ?., ????????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? , ?. 5 [-] (???. ????????? ?. ?.), ?????, ≪?????? ??????????? ????????????????≫, 2001 , ?? 443 ? 916 ???

[9] ≪Kurdistan≫ . www.britannica.com (????????) . ??????? ? 2022 ?? ?????? 26-?? .

[:0-10] M. T. O'Shea, Trapped between the map and reality: geography and perceptions of Kurdistan , 258 pp., Routledge, 2004. (see p.77)

[11] ???????????, ????? (2017 ?? ?????????? 6). ≪??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????≫ . ?????? ?????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????????????????, ???????????????? . 8 (2 (23)): 3?18. ISSN 2738-2613 .

[12] Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland , (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press

[13] ≪The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2005≫ . bartleby.com .

[14] ≪The Kurdish Conflict: Aspirations for Statehood within the Spirals of International Relations in the 21st Century≫ . Kurdishaspect.com. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ??????? 5-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ?????? 13-?? .

[15] Hamit Bozarslan “The Kurdish Question: Can it be solved within Europe?”, page 84 “The years of silence and of renewal” in Olivier Roy, ed. Turkey Today: A European Country? .

[16] ≪Kurds seek autonomy in democratic Syria≫ . BBC. 2012 ?? ???????? 16.

[17] ≪Syria to consider granting Kurds greater autonomy≫ . Al Jazeera . ??????? ? 2018 ?? ?????? 25-?? .

[18] [1] ?????????? 1 ????? 2008 Wayback Machine

[19] ≪Mahabad≫ . Britannica Online Encyclopedia . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ?????? 13-?? .

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