- ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????
????????????? ?????????????? (??? ???????????)
????????????? ?????????????????
(
????.
?
die Nurnberger Prozesse
), ???????? ????????????????? ????, ?? ?????????
??????? ????????????? ???????????
?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????, ????? ???????? ???? ?????????
?????????? ??????????
?????????, ????????, ??????????????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ???????, ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???????
??????????
? ??? ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?? ??????????
??????????
????????, ? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????????????? ??????? ? ????????????, ??? ?????????? ? ????? ≪?????????? ????????? ??????????????≫ ?????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??, ???????? ????????????? ???? ?? ≪?????????? ???????? ???????????≫ ????? 1945 ??????? ????????? 25-?? ????? 1946 ?????????? 1-? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????????
?????? ?????
24 ??????????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????
????? ???????
,
??????? ???????
?
????? ???????
, ????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? 1945 ??????? ???????
[1]
? ?????????????????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???-???? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???-? ??????
???????????? ???????????????
,
??????????? ??? ??????? ???????????????
,
??????? ?????????
?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ???
?????????? ???????????????????? ????????
???????? ??????
??????? ????? ??? 1961 ?? ??????????? ?
????????????? ??????????????
????????? ?????
???????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?
?????? ????????????? ??????????
????` 1921 ??????? ?????-?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??? ???????????????, ??????, ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????????????? 1940 ??????? ?????????
?????????
` ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??
??????????
?
?????????
??????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? 1940 ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????, ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????????????? ???, ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? 1943 ??????? ????????? 1-??
????
-?,
??????? ???????????????
?
???
-? ???????????? ???????? ??????????, ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????, ?? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????
[2]
? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???
???????
????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????????, ????? ????????????? 2006 ??????? ???????? 2-??, ????? ??????, ?? ????? 1944 ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ???????? ????????????????? ???
[3]
?
1943 ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ???????
????? ???????
????????? ?? ????????? ???????? 50,000?100,000 ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????
???????? ???????
` ??????, ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ? ??????????? ????, ??? ?? ????????? ???? ????????????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????"
[4]
[5]
: ????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ???-? ??????? ????????? ??, ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????
[6]
. ?? ?????? ? ????? ≪??????????? ????≫? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????????????????
[7]
? ???????
?????????
?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????
???? ????????
?? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????, ???-?, ????????? ? ????-? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??? 1945 ??????? ????????? 20-??
?????????
?????????? ?????????
1942 ??????? ?????? 20-?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ≪?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ??????????≫?
???????
(1943),
???????
(1945) ?
????????
(1945) ??????????????? ??????? ????????????` ?????????, ???-? ? ????-? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????, ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ?????? 1945 ??????? ???????? 8-??? ????? 200 ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????????????, ??? 1600-? ????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????, ???, ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????, ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? 1939 ??????? ?????????? 1-?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????????????????
????????
?
??????????????
????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????-? ????????? ??` ?????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??.
[8]
- ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ??, ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????
- ??????????? ????????? ??
?????????? ?????????????
??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????
[8]
? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????-??` ???????, ?? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??? ???????????????,
???????
??????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????
[9]
[10]
[11]
: ??????? ???, ?? ?????? ??????????????? (??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????) ???? ? ???????? ???????????????
[9]
[11]
?
???? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ? ??? ?????????????? ???????, ?????? ??? ??? ????????
?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? 1954 ??????? ????????? 19-?? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????
[12]
[13]
? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????` ??????? 24 ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ? 7 ??????????????? ???. ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????, ????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ? ≪??????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????????≫? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???.
- ??????????????? ???????????? ???` ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????????
- ???????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ? ????????????
- ???????????? ????????????????????
- ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????????????????
?????????????????? ?????????????????
[
????????
|
???????? ????
]
- 1945 ??????? ????????? 20. ?????????????????? ???????
- 1945 ??????? ????????? 21. ??????? ?????? ?. ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????
- 1945 ??????? ????????? 26. ??????????? ???????? ????????? (??????? ?? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????)
- 1945 ??????? ????????? 29. ?????????? ≪??????????
???????????????? ?????????≫
?????
- 1945 ??????? ?????????? 11. ?????????? ≪?????????? ?????≫ ?????
- 1946 ??????? ???????? 3. ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? 90,000 ???????? ?????????? ?????
- 1946 ??????? ???????? 28. ??????????
???????????? ???????
????? ???? ?????, ??????????? ????
?????????
??????????` ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????
- 1946 ??????? ???????? 27. ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? 80.000 ???????? ?????????? ?????
- 1946 ??????? ?????? 15. ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ??, ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????
- 1946 ??????? ?????? 21. ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? 1939 ???????
???????-?????????? ?????????? ?????
??????, ???????? ??? ?????? ????????????????
???????? ????????
???????? ??????????
- 1946 ??????? ??????? 1-2. ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????
- 1946 ??????? ??????? 4. ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????????????
- 1946 ??????? ??????? 26. ???????????? ????????? ???????????????????
- 1946 ??????? ??????? 30. ???????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????
- 1946 ??????? ?????????? 1. ?????????????? ??????
- 1946 ??????? ?????????? 30-?????????? 1. ?????????????? ????????????` ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????
[14]
?
?????? ???????????? ???????????? 1946 ??????? ?????????? 16-?? ??????? ???????????? ???????
[15]
[16]
[17]
? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?. ?????? ??
[18]
? ???????? ??????????? 12 ?????????????? 10-? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? 1945 ??????? ???????, ???
?????? ????????
???????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????
???????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????
≪????????????? ??????????????≫
, ??? ?????????-?????????? ?` ????????? ????????????? ????????????
????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????????.
- ??????? ??????????????,
- ??????? ??????????????,
- ??????? ??????????????????,
- ?????? ??????????????????,
- ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????,
- ????????? ?????????????????,
- ???????????? ??????????????,
- ??????????? ??????????????????
- ↑
Cooper 2011
, p. 38. "On October 6, in Berlin, the Chief Prosecutors signed the momentous Indictment setting forth the charges ... against Hermann Goring and his associates and the six organizations, named as criminal, to which they belonged."
- ↑
Heller 2011
,
page 9
. According to
Marrus 1997
,
page 563
, Roosevelt had already written to Rabbi Stephen Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress, in July 1942, saying: "The American people not only sympathise with all victims of Nazi crimes, but will hold the perpetrators of these crimes to strict accountability in a day of reckoning which will surely come."
- ↑
≪Shooting top Nazis? The Nuremberg option wasn't apple pie either≫
.
The Guardian
. 2012 ?? ?????????? 26
. ??????? ? 2013 ?? ?????? 21-??
.
- ↑
Crossland, John (2006 ?? ???????? 1).
≪Churchill: execute Hitler without trial≫
.
The Sunday Times
. ?????????? ?
??????????
2007 ?? ????? 11-??
. ??????? ? 2011 ?? ????????? 23-??
.
- ↑
Tehran Conference: Tripartite Dinner Meeting
??????????
2006-06-29
Wayback Machine
, 29 November 1943, Soviet Embassy, 8:30 PM
- ↑
≪The original memorandum from 1944, signed by Morgenthau≫
. Fdrlibrary.marist.edu. 2004 ?? ?????? 27. ?????????? ?
??????????
2009 ?? ?????? 29-??
. ??????? ? 2013 ?? ???????? 4-??
.
- ↑
≪The original Morgenthau memorandum from 1944≫
. Fdrlibrary.marist.edu. 2004 ?? ?????? 27. ?????????? ?
??????????
2009 ?? ?????? 29-??
. ??????? ? 2013 ?? ???????? 4-??
.
- ↑
8,0
8,1
Henkel (ed.), Matthias (2011),
Memoriam Nuernberger Prozesse, exhibition catalogue (German)
, Nuremberg: Museen der Stadt Nuernberg
, 32 pp.
- ↑
9,0
9,1
Heydecker, Joe J.; Leeb, Johannes (1979).
Der Nurnberger Prozeß
(German).
Koln
: Kiepenheuer und Witsch. ?? 97.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 ????? ????????? ????? (
link
)
- ↑
Minutes of 2nd meeting of BWCE and the Representatives of the USA
.
Kew
,
London
:
Lord Chancellor's Office
,
Public Record Office
. 1945 ?? ??????? 21.
- ↑
11,0
11,1
Rough Notes Meeting with Russians
.
Kew
,
London
:
Lord Chancellor's Office
,
Public Record Office
. 1945 ?? ??????? 29.
- ↑
Henkel (ed.), Matthias (2011),
Memoriam Nuernberger Prozesse, exhibition catalogue (German)
, Nuremberg: Museen der Stadt Nuernberg
, 78 pp.
- ↑
Summary of the indictment in
Department of State Bulletin
, October 21, 1945, p. 595
- ↑
Henkel (ed.), Matthias (2011),
Memoriam Nuernberger Prozesse, exhibition catalogue (German)
, Nuremberg: Museen der Stadt Nuernberg
, 78?84 pp.
- ↑
War Crimes: Night without Dawn.
??????????
2009-11-02
Wayback Machine
Time Magazine Monday 28 October 1946
- ↑
Shnayerson, Robert (1996 ?? ?????????).
≪Judgment at Nuremberg≫
(PDF)
.
Smithsonian Magazine
. ???? 124?141. ?????????? ?
??????????
(PDF)
2011 ?? ?????? 30-??. ≪The trial removed 11 of the most despicable Nazis from life itself. In the early morning hours of Wednesday, October 16, 1946, ten men died in the courthouse gymnasium in a botched hanging that left some strangled to death for as long as 25 minutes.≫
- ↑
≪The Trial of the Century? and of All Time, part two≫
.
Flagpole Magazine
. 2002 ?? ??????? 17. ?? 6. ?????????? ?
??????????
2009 ?? ????? 2-??. ≪the experienced Army hangman, Master Sgt. John C. Woods, botched the execution. A number of the hanged Nazis died, not quickly from a broken neck as intended, but agonizingly from slow
strangulation
. Ribbentrop and Sauckel each took 14 minutes to choke to death, while Keitel, whose death was the most painful, struggled for 28 minutes at the end of the rope before expiring.≫
- ↑
Henkel (ed.), Matthias (2011),
Memoriam Nuernberger Prozesse, exhibition catalogue (German)
, Nuremberg: Museen der Stadt Nuernberg
, 87 pp.
- Biddiss, Michael (1995).
≪Victors' Justice? The Nuremberg Tribunal≫
(PDF)
.
History Today
.
45
(5). ?????????? ?
??????????
(PDF)
2019 ?? ?????????? 10-??
. ??????? ? 2017 ?? ?????? 9-??
.
- Bower, Tom
(1995) [1981].
Blind Eye to Murder: Britain, America and the Purging of Nazi Germany?A Pledge Betrayed
(2nd revised ed.). London
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.
ISBN
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.
{{
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- Brunner, Jose (2001 ?? ?????????).
≪
"Oh those crazy cards again": a history of the debate on the Nazi Rorschachs, 1946?2001≫
.
Political Psychology
.
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.
22
(2): 233?261.
doi
:
10.1111/0162-895X.00237
.
JSTOR
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.
{{
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- Cooper, Robert W. (2011) [1947].
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. London:
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.
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. New York & London:
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. ?????????? ?
??????????
2017 ?? ??????? 6-??
. ??????? ? 2017 ?? ?????? 9-??
.
- International Center for Transitional Justice, Criminal Justice page
- Documentary shown at the Nuremberg trial in November 1945 exhibiting the horrors of the concentration camps
- The Nuremberg Trials
(???????? ?????)
on the
Yad Vashem
website
- Official records of the Nuremberg trials (The Blue series) in 42 volumes from the records of the Library of congress
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Cornell Law Library
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??????????
2016-02-08
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Harvard Law School Library
- The Avalon Project
- The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials
??????????
2010-11-25
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- Special focus on The trials ? USHMM
??????????
2013-09-12
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- A Tree Fell in the Forest: The Nuremberg Judgments 60 Years On
,
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- Bringing a Nazi to justice: how I cross-examined 'fat boy' Goring
,
guardian.co.uk
- The Nuremberg Judgments
, Chapter 6 from
The High Cost of Vengeance
, by
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,
Henry Regnery Company
, Chicago, (1948). Made available by "The Freda Utley Foundation"
- Francine Hirsch, The Soviets at Nuremberg: International Law, Propaganda, and the Making of the Postwar Order
(???????? ?????)
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, United States National Library of Medicine
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The Northwestern University Special Collections archival collection amassed by Charles J. Gallagher, a court reporter at the trials.