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,
1928
(
1928-11-03
)
[1]
Zeigler
,
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,
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,
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[2]
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| ?????????? 20
,
2022
(
2022-09-20
)
[3]
(93 ???????)
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,
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,
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[3]
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| ???????-???????? ???????? ??????????
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,
light-emitting diode
?
[4]
,
???????????????
[4]
,
????????????????????
[4]
,
????????? ???????????
[4]
,
optoelectronics
?
[4]
?
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[4]
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[5]
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[4]
[6]
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| ??? ??????
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Nick Holonyak
?????????????
|
??? ????????
(
????.
?
Nick Holonyak
,
???????????
?
Микола Голоняк
,
????????? 3
,
1928
(
1928-11-03
)
[1]
,
Zeigler
,
???????? ?????
,
???????
,
???
[2]
-
?????????? 20
,
2022
(
2022-09-20
)
[3]
,
???????
,
???????
,
???
[3]
), ????????? ???????? ? ?????????, ???????? ??????????? ????????, ??? ?????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? LED-? ?????? ?????
[18]
? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????????? p-n-p-n ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? (????????????) ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? 2003 ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????
???? LED-? ???????, ??? ????????? ?????? ? ??? ???????? 41 ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? (??? ???????????? ? CD-? DVD-????????????? ? ??????? ???????????) ? p-n-p-n ??????? ??? ????????? (???????????? ? dimmers ? ?????????? ?????????)? ?? ??????????? ????????? ? General Electric ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
2006 ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? 75-?????? ????????????? ?????? ? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????, ????? ??????????? ?? Applied Physics Letters ?????????, ????? ?? ????????? ??????????????????? ???????, ??? ????? ? ?. ?. ????????? ?????????????????? 1962 ????????, ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? LED-? ???????? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ? 2005 ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????????????, ???????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? 1963 ??????? Reader-? Digest-? ?????????? ???????? Cholonyak-? ?????????? ?, ?? LED-???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????????????????
[19]
?
????????? ????????? ????????? ??, ????????????? (????? ????????) ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? 30 ??? ???????? ???????????, ? ?? ????????, ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??, ??? ???? ???? ? ?????, ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? Knight Ridder ??????????????? ??????????? ???, ???? ? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? DVD-?????????????, ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????, ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???????????????????
[20]
?
????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?????????, ?????????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? (1954) ????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? 1960 ????????? 1963 ???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????
2007 ???????? ?? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????????????, ?????????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ? 51 ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ??????????????????? ???????? ? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ????????????? ? ???-? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? (DARPA):
60 ????????????? 10-? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????
1992 ???????? ????????? ? ≪?????????????? ????????????≫
[21]
?
- ↑
1,0
1,1
White M. L.
Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑
2,0
2,1
2,2
2,3
https://www.invent.org/inductees/nick-holonyak-jr
- ↑
3,0
3,1
3,2
3,3
3,4
3,5
https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/1920044460
- ↑
4,0
4,1
4,2
4,3
4,4
4,5
4,6
??????? ??????? ????????? ???????
- ↑
Notable Names Database
? 2002.
- ↑
CONOR.Sl
- ↑
https://www.nationalmedals.org/laureates
- ↑
https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/edison-rl.pdf
- ↑
https://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_descriptions/ivesquinn/
- ↑
https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/moh-rl.pdf
- ↑
11,0
11,1
https://hmntl.illinois.edu/ssdl
- ↑
https://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_descriptions/charlestownes/
- ↑
https://corporate-awards.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/liebmann_rl.pdf
- ↑
https://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/industrial-application-of-science.html
- ↑
https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/grove-rl.pdf
- ↑
https://www.washingtonaward.com/directory/2000s/
- ↑
https://thejohnscottaward.github.io/jsc/1951-2010.html
- ↑
http://www.esave.ru/history/
??????????
2010-01-28
Wayback Machine
История развития светодиодов
- ↑
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_21/b3934030.htm
Nick Holonyak: He Saw The Lights
(????.)
- ↑
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-96919218.html
??????????
2011-05-16
Wayback Machine
Nice Guys Can Finish As Geniuses at University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign.
(????.)
- ↑
≪World Scientists' Warning To Humanity≫
(????????). stanford.edu. 1992 ?? ????????? 18. ?????????? ?
??????????
1998 ?? ?????????? 6-??
. ??????? ? 2019 ?? ??????? 25-??
.
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