??? ????????

??? ????????
????? ?	????????? 3 , 1928 ; Zeigler , ???????? ????? , ??????? , ???
??????? ?	?????????? 20 , 2022 (93 ???????) ; ??????? , ??????? , ???
?????????? ????(??)	???
???????????????	???
???????????????	??????? , ??????????? ??????? , ????????? , ?????????? , ???????-???????? ? ????????
?????????????(???)	???????-???????? ???????? ?????????? , ??????? ???????? ? ????? ???????????
?????????????? ?????	?????? , light-emitting diode ? , ??????????????? , ???????????????????? , ????????? ??????????? , optoelectronics ? ? ???????????? ???????????
???????????????	???-? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? , ?????????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? , ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? , ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????????
???? ?????	???????-???????? ???????? ??????????
?????????? ? ??????????	????????
??????? ???????	??? ??????
???? ? ??????? ???????	?? ?. ???????
????????	????????? ????? ???????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? IEEE ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ≪?????? ???????≫ ??????? Von Hippel Award ? NAS Award for the Industrial Application of Science ? Gordon E. Moore Medal for Outstanding Achievement in Solid State Science and Technology ? IEEE Jack A. Morton Award ? ???????????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????
	Nick Holonyak ?????????????

??? ???????? ( ????. ? Nick Holonyak , ??????????? ? Микола Голоняк , ????????? 3 , 1928 ( 1928-11-03 ) ^[1], Zeigler , ???????? ????? , ??????? , ??? ^[2] - ?????????? 20 , 2022 ( 2022-09-20 ) ^[3], ??????? , ??????? , ??? ^[3]), ????????? ???????? ? ?????????, ???????? ??????????? ????????, ??? ?????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? LED-? ?????? ????? ^[18]? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????????? p-n-p-n ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? (????????????) ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? 2003 ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????

??????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???? LED-? ???????, ??? ????????? ?????? ? ??? ???????? 41 ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? (??? ???????????? ? CD-? DVD-????????????? ? ??????? ???????????) ? p-n-p-n ??????? ??? ????????? (???????????? ? dimmers ? ?????????? ?????????)? ?? ??????????? ????????? ? General Electric ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????

2006 ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? 75-?????? ????????????? ?????? ? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????, ????? ??????????? ?? Applied Physics Letters ?????????, ????? ?? ????????? ??????????????????? ???????, ??? ????? ? ?. ?. ????????? ?????????????????? 1962 ????????, ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? LED-? ???????? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ? 2005 ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????????????, ???????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? 1963 ??????? Reader-? Digest-? ?????????? ???????? Cholonyak-? ?????????? ?, ?? LED-???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????????????????? ^[19]?

?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????? ????????? ????????? ??, ????????????? (????? ????????) ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? 30 ??? ???????? ???????????, ? ?? ????????, ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??, ??? ???? ???? ? ?????, ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? Knight Ridder ??????????????? ??????????? ???, ???? ? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? DVD-?????????????, ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????, ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????????????? ^[20]?

????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?????????, ?????????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? (1954) ????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? 1960 ????????? 1963 ???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????????????? ???????, ??????????? ?????????? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????

2007 ???????? ?? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????????????, ?????????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ? 51 ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ??????????????????? ???????? ? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ????????????? ? ???-? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? (DARPA):

60 ????????????? 10-? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????

??????????? ??????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

1992 ???????? ????????? ? ≪?????????????? ????????????≫ ^[21]?

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 White M. L. Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 https://www.invent.org/inductees/nick-holonyak-jr
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 ^3,5 https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/1920044460
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 ^4,4 ^4,5 ^4,6 ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????
↑ Notable Names Database ? 2002.
↑ CONOR.Sl
↑ https://www.nationalmedals.org/laureates
↑ https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/edison-rl.pdf
↑ https://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_descriptions/ivesquinn/
↑ https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/moh-rl.pdf
↑ ^11,0 ^11,1 https://hmntl.illinois.edu/ssdl
↑ https://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_descriptions/charlestownes/
↑ https://corporate-awards.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/liebmann_rl.pdf
↑ https://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/industrial-application-of-science.html
↑ https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/grove-rl.pdf
↑ https://www.washingtonaward.com/directory/2000s/
↑ https://thejohnscottaward.github.io/jsc/1951-2010.html
↑ http://www.esave.ru/history/ ?????????? 2010-01-28 Wayback Machine История развития светодиодов
↑ http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_21/b3934030.htm Nick Holonyak: He Saw The Lights (????.)
↑ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-96919218.html ?????????? 2011-05-16 Wayback Machine Nice Guys Can Finish As Geniuses at University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. (????.)
↑ ≪World Scientists' Warning To Humanity≫ (????????). stanford.edu. 1992 ?? ????????? 18. ?????????? ? ?????????? 1998 ?? ?????????? 6-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ??????? 25-?? .

??????????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?? ≪??? ????????≫ ?????????

[_a831c42045532466-1] 1,0 ^1,1 White M. L. Encyclopædia Britannica

[_6ee4f13a57ab2e43-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 https://www.invent.org/inductees/nick-holonyak-jr

[_81d3b7b294205641-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 ^3,5 https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/1920044460

[_d56c97b186d6c8d4-4] 4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 ^4,4 ^4,5 ^4,6 ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????

[_942fb4ec936a30a4-5] Notable Names Database ? 2002.

[_2de1b07e2d3ffcfb-6] CONOR.Sl

[_fea4c3c32dc31675-7] ttps://www.nationalmedals.org/laureates

[_ade4f60b77006e1b-8] ttps://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/edison-rl.pdf

[_2e764a5346959e91-9] ttps://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_descriptions/ivesquinn/

[_b03bcfea89a61043-10] ttps://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/moh-rl.pdf

[_bed532fe300fdf53-11] 11,0 ^11,1 https://hmntl.illinois.edu/ssdl

[_0c9653b3c0eb4261-12] ttps://www.optica.org/get_involved/awards_and_honors/awards/award_descriptions/charlestownes/

[_d1c986ca8e64995b-13] ttps://corporate-awards.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/liebmann_rl.pdf

[_74a7d9c7569a060d-14] ttps://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/industrial-application-of-science.html

[_ca91494cfea91993-15] ttps://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/awards/recipients/grove-rl.pdf

[_0524fb5e33a247e9-16] ttps://www.washingtonaward.com/directory/2000s/

[_f8d72aaebb29d059-17] ttps://thejohnscottaward.github.io/jsc/1951-2010.html

[18] ttp://www.esave.ru/history/ ?????????? 2010-01-28 Wayback Machine История развития светодиодов

[19] ttp://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_21/b3934030.htm Nick Holonyak: He Saw The Lights (????.)

[20] ttp://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-96919218.html ?????????? 2011-05-16 Wayback Machine Nice Guys Can Finish As Geniuses at University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. (????.)

[21] ≪World Scientists' Warning To Humanity≫ (????????). stanford.edu. 1992 ?? ????????? 18. ?????????? ? ?????????? 1998 ?? ?????????? 6-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ??????? 25-?? .

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