?? ?????

?? ?????
	?? ?????
???????? ????????
???????? ?????	????. ? Ma Rainey
? ??? ?????	????????? ???????
????? ?	?????? 26 , 1886 […] ; ??????????
?????	???
??????? ?	?????????? 22 , 1939 […] (53 ???????) ; ??????????
??????	??? , ??????
???????????????	????????, ????????
?????????	?????????
?????	Paramount ?
??????	Rainey and Rainey, Assassinators of the Blues Rabbit Foot Minstrels
????????	Georgia Women of Achievement ? ? ???????? ????? ????
	Ma Rainey ?????????????

???????? (??) ????? ( ????. ? Gertrude "Ma" Rainey , ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ( Pridgett ), ?????? 26 , 1886 ( 1886-04-26 ) ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[…], Columbus , ?????? , ??? - ?????????? 22 , 1939 ( 1939-12-22 ) ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[…], Columbus , ?????? , ??? ^[4] - 22 ?????????? 1939 ), ????????? ???????? , ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ?? ????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ^[5]? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ≪??????? ?????≫ ^[6]?

????? ? ?????? ??????? 12 ??? 14 ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ≪?? ?????≫, ??????? ? ??? ????? ????, ??? 1904 ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ???, ??? ??? ??????? ? Rainey and Rainey, Assassinators of the Blue ??????? 1923 ? 1928 ??????????? ????? ????????????????, ??????????????? Paramount ??????????? ???, ????????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ? ??????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ????? 1935 ???????, ???? ???? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???? ????????

1983 ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? , ??? 1990 ????????? ???'?'????? ????? ???? ^[7]?

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 Bibliotheque nationale de France data.bnf.fr (??.) : ????????? ??? ???????? ? 2011.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 Internet Broadway Database ? 2000.
↑ Oliver, Paul , ≪Rainey, Ma (nee Pridgett, Gertrude)≫ , Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians , Oxford University Press , ??????? ? 2010 ?? ?????? 20-??
↑ Southern, Eileen (1997). The Music of Black Americans: A History (3rd edition ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-97141-4 . {{ cite book }}: |edition= has extra text ( ?????????? )
↑ Lieb, Sandra (1983). Mother of the Blues: A Study of Ma Rainey (3rd ed.). University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-394-7 .
↑ Ma Rainey Induction Year: 1990

??????????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?? ≪?? ?????≫ ?????????

[_bf9849f4c19794a1-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 ^1,3 ^1,4 Bibliotheque nationale de France data.bnf.fr (??.) : ????????? ??? ???????? ? 2011.

[_e79972e2658dfea7-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 Encyclopædia Britannica

[_d7e17b8bfa7addd4-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 ^3,3 ^3,4 Internet Broadway Database ? 2000.

[OMO-4] Oliver, Paul , ≪Rainey, Ma (nee Pridgett, Gertrude)≫ , Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians , Oxford University Press , ??????? ? 2010 ?? ?????? 20-??

[southern-5] Southern, Eileen (1997). The Music of Black Americans: A History (3rd edition ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-97141-4 . {{ cite book }}: |edition= has extra text ( ?????????? )

[Lieb-6] Lieb, Sandra (1983). Mother of the Blues: A Study of Ma Rainey (3rd ed.). University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-394-7 .

[7] Ma Rainey Induction Year: 1990

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