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Изображение логотипа
????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? , ?????? ?????????????? , ????????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????????????
?????????? ? ?????? 4 , 1975
???????? ??? ????? ? ??? ????
???? Redmond , ???
?????   ??? [1]
?????? ????? ??????? [2]
?????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? , ????????? ????????? ???????????? , ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????
????????? ???????? ▲ 334 ???? $ ( ??????? 30 , 2021 ) [3]
??????? ▲ 212 ???? $ ( 2023 ) [4]
??????????? ??? ▲ 221 000 ???? ( 2022 ) [5]
???????????????? Microsoft Research ?
?????? ??????????????? Microsoft Studios , Avanade ? , Microsoft Algeria ? , Microsoft India R & D ? , Lionhead Studios ? , Microsoft Mobile ? , Microsoft Production Studios ? , Rare (????????????) , Ensemble Studios , Microsoft Store ? , ProClarity ? , Danger, Inc. ? , Perceptive Pixel ? , GreenButton ? , Microsoft Research Asia ? , Sysinternals , Massive Incorporated ? , Jellyfish.com ? , Powerset ? , Tellme Networks ? , Visio Corporation ? , aQuantive ? , Turn 10 Studios , Fast Search & Transfer ? , Digital Anvil ? , Razorfish ? , DATAllegro ? , Microsoft Kids ? , Microsoft Egypt ? , Microsoft (Palestine) ? , Microsoft (United Kingdom) ? , Microsoft (Netherlands) ? , Microsoft s.r.o. ? , Microsoft (Ukraine) ? , LinkedIn , Microsoft (France) ? , Havok , Microsoft Ireland Research ? , Microsoft Global Finance ? , Microsoft Ireland Operations ? , Microsoft Online ? , Microsoft Operations ? , Microsoft Regional Sales ? , LinkedIn Ireland ? , Microsoft Saudi ? , Skype Technologies , Microsoft Japan ? , Softomotive ? [6] , DreamWorks Interactive ? , ZeniMax Media ? , Microsoft Switzerland ? , Microsoft Canada ? , GitHub , Clipchamp Pty Ltd ? [7] ? Microsoft Morocco ?
??????????? The Vanguard Group [2] , BlackRock [2] ? ??? ????? [2]
???? microsoft.com ​ (????.)
???????? ? OpenStreetMap Foundation ? [8] ? Business Software Alliance [9]
?????
NASDAQ : MSFT [10]
? SEHK : 4338 [11]
?????? Portal:Microsoft ?
 Microsoft ?????????????

?????????? ?????????? ( ????. ? Microsoft Corporation ), ????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ?????????????, ?????????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????, ??? ? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ? Microsoft Office ????????? ???????

??????? ? 1975 ???????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???? ? ???????? MICROcomputer SOFTware (????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????)?

???? ??? ?????? 1975 ????????, ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ??????, ???????? 1975 ??????? ???????? 1 -?? ????????? Popular Electronics ????? Altair 8000 ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ??? Basic ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? 1 ???????? 1975 ?. ??? ??????????? ???????? Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? (????????) ????????????????, Basic-? ???????????? Altair ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? Micro-Soft-?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? 16005 ??? ????? , ????? ???????? ??? ???????? 3 ????? 2006 ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? 12,06 ??????? ??? ?????, 44,28 ??????? ??? ????? ????????????? ???????, ??? ????????????? ?????? 71.172 ?????

?????????????? ? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????? ???????? ???? ?????? 2010 ?????????

?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????, ??? ????? 7.55%, ???? ?????? 4.66%?

??????????????? ???????? (1972-1983) [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Microsoft Corporation. ???????????? ????????????
??????????? ????
??????????? ????? ? USPTO, ??????????? ????????? ????? ( 1982 - 1986 )
??????????? ???? ?????? , ??????????? ? 1986 - 2006 ? ?????????? ≪???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????≫ [12] [13]
Microsoft ?????????? ??????????? 2006 ?2011 ????????????
??????????? ??????????? 2011 ?2012 ????????????
??????????? 2012 ??????? ???????? 23 -?? ? ???????????? ? ???? ????? [14] ?

?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ??? ??????, ????? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? 1972 ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????-?-???? (Traf-O-Data) ???????, ??? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? , ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?

1975 ??????? ????????? ≪???????? ????????????≫ ???????? ????? ??????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? (Altair-MITS) 8800 ??????????????????? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ??, ?? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ?? ???????? ?? MITS-? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?? ??????-? ??????????????, ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ?????? 1975 ??????? ?????? ???????????? ? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? MITS-? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? 1975 ??????? ?????? 4-??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ≪Micro-Soft≫ ??????? microcomputer ? software ?????? ????????????, ?????? ????? ? 1975 ??????? ????? (Fortune) ??????? ?? ?????????? 1977 ?. ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ASCII ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ≪ASCII Microsoft≫-?? ????????????? 1979 ?. ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? (OSB) 1980 ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ?? ??????? (Xenix)?

?????????????? ??????????? MS-DOS ????????? ????????? ??, ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? (Digital Research) ???????? ?????????????????? ????, ≪?????????? ?????? ???????????≫ ????????????? ( IBM ) 1980 ?. ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? (CP/M OS), ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? (IBM PC) ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????? (CP/M) ??????????? ≪????≫ ????????????? ??????????????, ??? ??????? ?? 86-????????? ????????? ???????? (86-DOS)? 1981 ?. ????????? IBM-? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ≪?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????≫ (MS-DOS) ???????????????? ???? ?? IBM-? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? (PC BIOS) ??????????? ????????????, ????? ???????????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ??????? IBM-? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? (PC), ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????, ??????????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? 1983 ?. ?????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? (Microsoft Press)? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????

1984-1994? ???????? ? ???? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

1984 ???????? IBM ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? OS/2 ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? 1985 ??????? ????????? 20 -?? Microsoft ????????????? ???????? Microsoft Windows ????????? ?????????? MS-DOS ????????? ?????????? ?????????? Microsoft ????????????? 1986 ??????? ???????? 26 -?? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ? ????? 13 -?? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? [15] ? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ??????? 4 ??????????? ? 12,000 ?????????? [16] ?

1990 ????????, IBM ??????????? ??? ????????????????? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? Microsoft ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????????? ? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? [17] ?

Microsoft ????????????? 1987 ??????? ?????? 2 -?? [18] ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ? OS/2-? ?? ?????????, ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??? 32 ??? ????????? ?????????? Microsoft Windows NT ??????? ???? ???????????? OS/2 ???????????? 1993 ??????? ??????? 21 -?? ??? ????????? ??????? ? Win32 ???????????? ???????? ??? ???????????, ???? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? 16 ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??? Microsoft ????????????? ??????? IBM-?? NT ????????? ????????? ?????, OS/2 ????????????????? ?????????? [19] ?

1990 ???????? Microsoft ????????????? ??????????? ?? Microsoft Office ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????, ???????? ?? Microsoft Word ? Microsoft Excel ? ?????? 22 -?? ??????????? ???????? Windows 3.0 ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????, Intel 386 ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? [20] ? ??? Office ????????? ??????, ?? Windows ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? [21] [22] ? Word ?????? ??????? Novell ??????? 1984-1986 ??????????? ???? ? ???????????? ???????, ?? Microsoft-? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???????, ??????? ??????? ????????????? [23] ?

1994 ??????? ??????? 27 -?? ??? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?? ≪????? 1988 ???????? ????? 1994 ??????? ??????? 15 -? Microsoft ????????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ≪??????? ?????????≫ ????? ?????????? ??????????≫?

≪??????? ?????????≫ ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????????, ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????, ????? ??????, ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ? Microsoft ????????? ??????????, ??? ??, Microsoft ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? 1988 ????????? ??????????? ≪??????? ?????????≫ ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ? [24] ?

1995-2005. ????????? ? 32-??? ?????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? ?????? ≪???-? ?????? ???????????≫ ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????, 1998 [17]

1988 ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? 1993 ???????? ???-? ??????????????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? [25] ? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????????????, ???????? ? ?????? AOL-Time Warner-?, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????

??????????????? ??? ?????? ≪????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????????≫-?? 1995 ??????? ?????? 26 -?? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ? ????????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ????? 1995 ??????? ???????? 24 -?? ????????????? ???????? Windows 95 -?, ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ? 32-??? ??????????????????? [26] [27] ? ?????? NT-??, ??? ???????? ????????? ?? Win32 API??? Windows 95-? ????????? MSN ?????? ??????????? ? Internet Explorer OEM-?????????????? ??? ???????? (?????????) ???? Internet Explorer-? ????????? ??? ???????? Windows 95 ???????? ???, ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????, ? ??? ??????? ?????????? Windows 95 Plus! ?????? ????

1996 ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? Microsoft ? NBC Universal -? ????????? MSNBC 24/7 ????????? ??? ?????? [28] ? ??????????? ??????? Windows CE 1.0-?, ?? ??? ????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????, ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? [29] ? 1997 ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ?????? ? 1994 ???????? ????? ?????????????, ? ????? ????????? ??????????? Internet Explorer-? ??????????????????? Windows -? ????

2000 ??????? ???????? 13 -?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ????????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ? ?? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ??? 1980 ???????? ? ???, ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????? Software-? ??????? ??????????? ?????

1999 ???????? ???????? ???????????????, ??? ????? ??? ???????????, ????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????????????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???, ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????? ????????? ???, ??? ???? ???, ?? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???, ?????? ??? ???????, ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ?? ????????????? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ?? ??????????????? [30] [31] ?

2000 ??????? ?????? 3 -?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? [32] , ??? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ≪????????? ?????????≫ ????????? [33] ? 2004 ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???-? ??????????????? ???????????? [15] ? 2001 ??????? ?????????? 25 -?? ??????????? ????????? ? Windows XP ???? NT ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ? NT ????? [34] ? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ? Xbox -?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? Sony ? Nintendo ?????????????????

2004 ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? ????????????, ?? ??? Windows-? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ?? ????????????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ? €497 ?????? ($613 ??????) ??????? ?????? ? ?? ?????????????? ?? ???????????? Windows XP-? ??? ????????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? Windows Media Player , Windows XP Home Edition N , ?????? ??? Windows XP Professional N [35] [36] ?

????????? ?????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

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??? ??????? ????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

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??????? ??????????????? ????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????-???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Windows-? ???????? ???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????????? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

≪??????????????≫ ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Web-???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????, SDK ? API [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

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?????? ?????????? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  • DSHM Group
  • Softings Inc.
  • Solaris LLC
  • Bincs Of Gigft Co.

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  1. ↑ Global Research Identifier Database ? 2015.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Proxy Statement
  3. ↑ Microsoft Annual Report 2021
  4. ↑ Form 10-K ? 2023.
  5. ↑ Microsoft to Announce Job Cuts as Soon as This Week ? Bloomberg News , 2014.
  6. ↑ https://www.geekwire.com/2020/microsoft-acquires-rpa-platform-softomotive-will-add-desktop-automation-tech-power-automate/
  7. ↑ https://clipchamp.com/en/terms/
  8. ↑ https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2023/10/25/microsoft-pledges-150k-to-support-openstreetmap/
  9. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240406093257/https://www.bsa.org/membership
  10. ↑ Polygon.io
  11. ↑ https://www.hkex.com.hk/eng/invest/company/quote_page_e.asp?WidCoID=4338&WidCoAbbName=&Month=&langcode=e
  12. ↑ ≪The Rise and Rise of the Redmond Empire≫ . Wired. декабрь 1998. ?????????? ?????????? 2012 ?? ?????????? 15-?? . ??????? ? 18 августа 2008-?? .
  13. ↑ Randi Schmelzer. (9 января 2006). ≪McCann Thinks Local for Global Microsoft≫ . Adweek. ?????????? ?????????? 2012 ?? ?????????? 15-?? . ??????? ? 18 августа 2008-?? .
  14. ↑ ≪Microsoft Unveils a New Look≫ . Microsoft. август 2012. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2012 ?? ?????????? 15-?? . ??????? ? 23 августа 2012-?? .
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 ≪Microsoft Chronology≫ . CBS News . CBS Interactive. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ??????? 23-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ???????? 5-?? .
  16. ↑ Bick, Julie (2005 ?? ?????? 29). ≪The Microsoft Millionaires Come of Age≫ . The New York Times . ??????? ? 2006 ?? ??????? 3-?? .
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 ≪U.S. v. Microsoft: Timeline≫ . Wired . 2002 ?? ????????? 4. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2010 ?? ?????? 19-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 17-?? .
  18. ↑ Allan, Roy A. (2001). A History of the Personal Computer . Allan Publishing. ISBN   978-0-9689108-0-1 . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 17-?? .
  19. ↑ Thurrott, Paul (2003 ?? ???????? 24). ≪Windows Server 2003: The Road To Gold≫ . winsupersite.com . Penton Media. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2010 ?? ??????? 4-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 15-?? .
  20. ↑ Athow, Desire (2010 ?? ?????? 22). ≪Microsoft Windows 3.0 Is 20 Years Old Today!!!≫ . ITProPortal . ??????? ? 2012 ?? ?????? 4-?? .
  21. ↑ Miller, Michael (1998 ?? ???????? 1). ≪Windows 98 Put to the Test (OS Market Share 1993?2001)≫ . PC Magazine . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2012 ?? ?????????? 12-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 3-?? .
  22. ↑ McCracken, Harry (2000 ?? ?????????? 13). ≪A Peek at Office Upgrade≫ . PCWorld . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2009 ?? ?????? 6-?? . ??????? ? 2006 ?? ??????? 4-?? .
  23. ↑ Waner, Jim (2004 ?? ????????? 12). ≪Novell Files WordPerfect Suit Against Microsoft≫ . internetnews.com . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2015 ?? ????????? 7-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 15-?? .
  24. ↑ ≪Competitive Impact Statement : U.S. v. Microsoft Corporation≫ . Justice.gov . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ?????? 11-?? .
  25. ↑ Borland, John (2003 ?? ?????? 15). ≪Victor: Software empire pays high price≫ . CNET . CBS Interactive . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 16-?? .
  26. ↑ Cope, Jim (1996 ?? ????). ≪New And Improved≫ . Smart Computing . Sandhills Publishing Company. 4 (3). ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 12-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 16-?? .
  27. ↑ Pietrek, Matt (1996 ?? ????). ≪Windows 95 Programming Secrets≫ (PDF) . IDG. ISBN   1-56884-318-6 . ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ?????? 14-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 17-?? . {{ cite journal }} : Cite journal requires |journal= ( ?????????? )
  28. ↑ ≪Marketplace: News Archives≫ . Marketplace . American Public Media. 1996 ?? ??????? 15. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2004 ?? ???????? 23-??.
  29. ↑ Tilly, Chris. ≪The History of Microsoft Windows CE≫ . HPC:Factor . ??????? ? 2008 ?? ???????? 18-?? .
  30. ↑ Markoff, John (2002 ?? ??????? 20). ≪Fears of Misuse of Encryption System Are Voiced≫ . The New York Times . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 7-?? .
  31. ↑ Stajano, Frank (2003). ≪Security for whom? The shifting security assumptions of pervasive computing≫ (PDF) . Software Security?Theories and Systems . Lecture notes in computer science. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 2609 : 16?27. doi : 10.1007/3-540-36532-X_2 . ISBN   978-3-540-00708-1 . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 6-?? .
  32. ↑ ≪United States v. Microsoft≫ . U.S. Department of Justice . ??????? ? 2005 ?? ???????? 5-?? .
  33. ↑ Jackson, Thomas Penfield (1999 ?? ????????? 5). ≪U.S. vs. Microsoft findings of fact≫ . U.S. Department of Justice . ??????? ? 2008 ?? ???????? 18-?? .
  34. ↑ Thurrott, Paul (2001 ?? ?????????? 26). ≪WinInfo Short Takes: Windows XP Launch Special Edition≫ . Windows IT Pro . Penton Media. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2012 ?? ?????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 16-?? .
  35. ↑ ≪Microsoft hit by record EU fine≫ . CNN . 2004 ?? ????? 25. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2006 ?? ?????? 13-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ???????? 14-?? .
  36. ↑ ≪Commission Decision of 24.03.2004 relating to a proceeding under Article 82 of the EC Treaty (Case COMP/C-3/37.792 Microsoft)≫ (PDF) . Commission of the European Communities. 2004 ?? ?????? 21 . ??????? ? 2005 ?? ???????? 5-?? .

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