???? ??????? ?????

???? ??????? ????? ; Carl Wilhelm Scheele
????? ?	?????????? 9 , 1742 ; ?????????? , ???????? ?????????
??????? ?	?????? 21 , 1786 […] (43 ???????) ; ??????? , ??????????? , ?????? ; ?????? ?????
???????????????	??????
???????????????	??????? , ???????? ? ???????
?????????????? ?????	?????
???????????????	???????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? , ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? , ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ????????
???? ?????	????????? ??????????
?????????? ? ??????????	??????????
???????(???)	Sara Margarethe Pohl ?
	Carl Wilhelm Scheele ?????????????

???? ??????? ????? ( ????. ? Carl Wilhelm Scheele , ?????????? 9 , 1742 , ?????????? , ?????? - ?????? 21 , 1786 , ??????, ?????? ), ???? ???????, ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ( 1775 )?

?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???? ??????? ?????? ????? ? 1742?. ?????????? 9-??, ?????????? ????????, ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????????? ? ?????????? ???????????

??????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????????, ??? 1757 ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????, ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????, ?????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? 8 ????, ??? ?????????? ??????, ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ( 1768 - 1769 ), ???????? ( 1770 - 1774 ) ????????????

?????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ? ????????? ?? ???? ??????????????? 1774 ???????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????????? 1778 ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????, ??? 1781 ^[8] ???????? ???????? ?????????

?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ????????????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ? ?????????????????????? ????????, ????? , ????????? ?????, ????????????, ??????????, ???????????? ? ??????????? ????????????, ??????????, ?????????, ???????????, ???????????, ?????????, ???????? ???????????? (KMnO ₄), ???????????? (H ₂S) ? ????? ????? ???, ??? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ( 1772 ), ???? ??? ????? ???????? ? ????? 1777 ????????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?

???????, ??????, ??????, ????? ??????????????? ?, ???????? ?, ??????????????, ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????, ? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? 1785?. ?????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ??????????, ??? 1786?. ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? 1786?. ?????? 21-??, 43 ??????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??, ?? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ????, ????????? ?????? ??????????????

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ Encyclopædia Universalis (??.) ? Encyclopædia Britannica .
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 Carl Wilhelm Scheele (????????) ? 1917.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 www.accademiadellescienze.it (????.)
↑ Шееле Карл Вильгельм // Большая советская энциклопедия (????.) : [в 30 т.] / под ред. А. М. Прохоров ? 3-е изд. ? М. : Советская энциклопедия , 1969.
↑ Lundgren A. Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ ?????????? ???????????? (????.)
↑ Bibliotheque nationale de France data.bnf.fr (??.) : ????????? ??? ???????? ? 2011.
↑ Карл Вильгельм Шееле (1742?1786) // Энциклопедический словарь юного химика. 2-е изд. / Сост. В. А. Крицман, В. В. Станцо. ? Педагогика, 1990. ? С. 114. ? ISBN 5-7155-0292-6 .

????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Шееле, Карл-Вильгельм // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона? В 86 томах (82 т. и 4 доп.). ? СПб., 1890?1907.
Abbott, David. (1983). Biographical Dictionary of Scientists: Chemists . New York: Peter Bedrick Books. ???? 126?127. ISBN 0-911745-81-5 .
Bell, Madison S. (2005). Lavoisier in the Year One . New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-05155-2 .
Cardwell, D.S.L. (1971). From Watt to Clausius: The Rise of Thermodynamics in the Early Industrial Age . Heinemann: London. ???? 60?61. ISBN 0-435-54150-1 .
Dobbin, L. (trans.) (1931). Collected Papers of Carl Wilhelm Scheele . G. Bell & Sons, London.
Farber, Eduard ed. (1961). Great Chemists . New York: Interscience Publishers. ???? 255 ?261. {{ cite book }}: |author= has generic name ( ?????????? )
Greenberg, Arthur. (2000). A Chemical History Tour: Picturing Chemistry from Alchemy to Modern Molecular Science . Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ???? 135 ?137. ISBN 0-471-35408-2 .
Greenberg, Arthur. (2003). The Art of Chemistry: Myths, Medicines and Materials . Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ???? 161 ?166. ISBN 0-471-07180-3 .
Schofield, Robert E (2004). The Enlightened Joseph Priestley: A Study of His Life and Work from 1773-1804 . Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-02459-3 .
Shectman (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 18th Century . Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32015-2 .
Sootin, Harry (1960). 12 Pioneers of Science . New York: Vanguard Press.

??????? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Scheele, Chemical Observations and Experiments on Air and Fire (1780 translation)
Excerpts from the Chemical Treatise on Air and Fire
Carl Wilhelm Scheele's d. Konigl. Schwed. Acad. d. Wissenschaft Mitgliedes, Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer in German (source of an above lab equipment image)

??????????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?? ≪???? ??????? ?????≫ ?????????

??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? 3.0 (Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0) ???? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ( ?? 8, ?? 475 )?

[_4cc6016121182257-1] Encyclopædia Universalis (??.) ? Encyclopædia Britannica .

[_f381bb3d0979cf0e-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 Carl Wilhelm Scheele (????????) ? 1917.

[_fcd553fb053fe2cc-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 www.accademiadellescienze.it (????.)

[_2ed8f8284a59565f-4] Шееле Карл Вильгельм // Большая советская энциклопедия (????.) : [в 30 т.] / под ред. А. М. Прохоров ? 3-е изд. ? М. : Советская энциклопедия , 1969.

[_fae51a0eb7755bbd-5] Lundgren A. Encyclopædia Britannica

[_dbbb7e8aee3ef732-6] ?????????? ???????????? (????.)

[_ebafa20290d91363-7] Bibliotheque nationale de France data.bnf.fr (??.) : ????????? ??? ???????? ? 2011.

[8] Карл Вильгельм Шееле (1742?1786) // Энциклопедический словарь юного химика. 2-е изд. / Сост. В. А. Крицман, В. В. Станцо. ? Педагогика, 1990. ? С. 114. ? ISBN 5-7155-0292-6 .

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