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????. ? Erich Maria Remarque
??????? ????? ????. ? Erich Paul Remark
????? ? ??????? 22 , 1898 ( 1898-06-22 ) [1] [2] [3] […]
????????? ?????????? , ????????? ?????????????? , ?????????? ???????????? [4]
????????? ? ?????????? 25 , 1970 ( 1970-09-25 ) [4] [1] [2] […] (72 ???????)
??????? ???? ??????? , ????????? [4]
???????? Ronco sopra Ascona Cemetery
??????????????? ???? , ??????? , ?????????? ? ?????????
???????????????   ???????? ?   ???
???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ? , Shadows in Paradise ? , ???????? , ?????? ???? ? ??????????? ????????
??????????????? ????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????????
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??????? ????? ????? , Ilse Jutta Zambona ? [5] ? Ilse Jutta Zambona ?
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Изображение автографа
???? ????? ?????? ??????????????
 Erich Maria Remarque ?????????????

???? ????? ?????? ( ????. ? Erich Maria Remarque , ??????? 22 , 1898 ( 1898-06-22 ) [1] [2] [3] […] , ?????????? , ????????? ?????????????? , ?????????? ???????????? [4] - ?????????? 25 , 1970 ( 1970-09-25 ) [4] [1] [2] […] , ??????? , ????????? [4] ), ????????? ???????? ????? 20-?? ???? ?????????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????????? ?? ≪???????? ???????? ?????????? ???≫ ( 1929 ), ≪???? ?????≫ ( 1936 ), ≪???????? ?????≫ ( 1945 ) ?????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ? ????? ≪????????? ???????≫ ?????? ???????????????

?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???? ????? ??????? ????? ? 1898 ??????? ??????? 22-?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? [6] ??????? (1867-1954) ? ???? ????? ??????? (1871-1917) [7] ? 1904 ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????, ??? 1912 ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? 1915 ???????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ????? ????????? ? ???? ???????????? ???, ?? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????

??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????? ????-???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ??? ?????, ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? (1789 ??????) ????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????? [8] ?

???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?. ?. ??????? 1916 ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????, ??? 1917 ??????? ??????? 12-?? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????? 2-?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ??????? ?? ???-??????????? 1917 ??????? ??????? 26-?? ?????????? ? 15-?? ?????????? ?????, ????? ????????? ? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????????? 1917 ??????? ??????? 31-?? ?????????? ? ??? ??? ????, ?? ????? ? ????????, ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????

?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ???? ???????? (?????? ??????, ???? ???????? ??????????????)? 1920 ??????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ????????? (?????? ????????? , ???? ???????? ??????????????), ??? 1920 ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? , ??? ????? 1972 ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????, 1920 ??????? ????????? 20-??, ??????? ??????????? ????? ? ????????????????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????????? (????????????, ???????????????, ???????, ??????????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ? ????)? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????? Continental Rubber (?????????? ?????????? ????????) ???????????????? ????? ??????/?????????? ???? [9] ? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?? ≪?? ?????≫ ( Der schwarze Obelisk , 1956) ??????? 1921 ???????? ????? ? ??????? Echo Continental ????????? ????? ???????? 1922 ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? , ??? 1925 ????????? ?????? ? ?????????? 14-?? ?????????? ???? ?????? (?????) ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ???? ? ?? ???? ????, ? 4 ???? ??? ????? ???????? ? ??????????

?????? ????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?. ?. ??????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? (1917?. ?????????? 9) ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? (?????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ??????) [10]  : ??????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 16 ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????, ? ???????? ???

??????? ???????? , 1929

???????????????? ????? ? ??? ≪???????? ????????≫ (Die Traummbude) ???? ??????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??????????? 1920?.-??? 1927?.-?? ?????????? ? ≪??????? ???????? ???≫ (Station am Horizont) ????, ??? ???????? ? ≪Sport im Bild≫ ????????? ?????????, ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ? 1998?.-??? 1929?.-?? ??????????? ? ≪???????? ????????????? ??????? ?≫ (Im westen nichts Neues) ????, ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? 20-???? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? 20-?? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????, ??? ????????? ? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????????????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????? ? ???-???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? 1.5??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? 36 ??????????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ??? ????????? ? 2 ????? ????????? 1931?.-?? ??????? ≪???????? ????????????? ??????? ?≫ ???? ????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????? 1931?.-?? ??????????? ? ≪????????≫ (Der Weg zuruck) ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ????????????????? 1931?.-??, ≪????????≫ ???? ????????????? ????, ??????? ???? ? ????? ????????? (?????????) ?????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????

?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??, ?? ??????? ?????????????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????

1933?. ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????, ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????????, ???????? ?? ?????? ????????????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????????, ??? ??????? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????, ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ≪?????????? ???? ??????≫? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ? (??????-?????? ???? ??????? ?????????)? ???? ? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? 1938?.-?? 3-?? ????? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ?????????????????, ??? 1939?.-?? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??, ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ? 1947?.-?? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???-? ??????????? [11] ? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? [12] ?

??????? ?????????? ? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????????? ≪???? ?????≫ (1936, Drei Kameraden) ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ≪????? ??????????≫ (1939?., Liebe denien Nachsten/Love Thy Neighbour ), ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? Collier's ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ? 1941?.-??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ? ≪???????? ?????≫ (1945, Arc de Triomphe ), ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ? 1945?.-??, ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ? 5???? ??????? ?????? ????? ≪???????? ????????≫ (??????????? ? ????????? 1971?.-??, Schatten im Paradies) ????? ? ????-??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ? ??? ????? ??? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?????? [13] ?

1943?.-?? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? , ?? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????????????? ????? ????????? ???, ???? ?? ??? ???, ????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ? ????, - ≪?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????≫ ("Ihr Bruder ist uns leider entwischt?Sie aber werden uns nicht entwischen"): 1943?.-? ?????????? 16-?? ????? ???????? ? [14] ?

????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ? ?? ≪?????? ????≫ (1952?., Der Funke Leben ) ???? ?????? ? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ? ???????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ???? ??????? [15] ?

??????? ?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????? ???, ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????

1918 ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ???, ???????? ?????????????, ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ( ?????? ????????????? ???????? )? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?????????????, ?????? ????? ??????????????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????, ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ??????????

1921 -?? ??????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??? ? ??????? ???-????? (??????) ?????? ???? ??? ?????????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????, ???? ?? 1922 -?? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????, ? ???? ????? ? ??????????

?????? ??????

??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? 1924 ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ≪????? ?? ????≫-? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? , ????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ????? ????????????????????

1925 ??????? ?????????? 14-??, ??????? ??????????? ? ???? ?????? (?????) ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ≪????≫, ≪???? ?????≫ ????? 1936 ? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? 1929 -?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????????????? ???, ????? ????? ?? ????? 1931 ???????? 1930 -?? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???, ??? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????????? 1930 ??????? ???????? 4-?? ????? ??????????????? ??, ?????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????????????????? ????????? 1938 ??????? ???????? 22-??, ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???, ??????? ??????????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????????????, ? ?? ??????? ? ????-???? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????????

????? ?????

1936-?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?

1937 -?? ????? ??????? ????????????????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????

1938-?? ????????? ?? ???? ????????, ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??????

1940 ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????????, ??? ????????? ???????????????? ????, ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? , ???? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????, ????? ???? ?????????? ? ??????? ????? ????

1942 -?? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ????

??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ≪??? ??????????≫ (1936) ? ≪??? ????????≫ (1940) ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?????

?????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ???????????????? ? 3-?? ????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????, 1948?.-?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????????, ????? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ≪???????? ??????≫ ? ≪?????? ????≫ (Der Funke Leben) ?????? ???? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????

??????, 1961

???????, ??? ???? ? 7 ????? ≪?????? ????≫ (Der Funke Leben) ???? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ? 1952?.-??? ≪?????? ????≫ ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ≪??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????≫ ???? (1954?., Zeit zu leben and zeit zu sterben): ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? 1954?.-?? ? ??????? ? ???????, ?? ?????????? ????????- ≪??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????≫? 1958?.-?? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ≪??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????≫ ?????, ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????

1955?.-?? ??????? ???? ? ≪?????? ??????????????≫ (The Last Act, Der Letzte Akt) ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??????????? ≪???? ?? ???????? ?????≫ (1950?.) ???? ???? 1956?.-?? ??????? ???? ? ≪?????????? ??????≫ (Full Circle, Die Letzte Station) ??????, ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????? ? 1974?.-??? ??? ?????????? ? ????????????, ?????? ??? ?????????? (Broadway): ≪?????? ?????≫ (Der Himmel kennt keine Gunstlinge) ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ? ???? (1959?.), ??? ????? ??????????? ? 1961?.-??? 1977?.-?? ???? ???????? ≪?????? ?????≫ ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ? ??? ????? ≪  ????? ??????????≫ (Die Nacht von Lissabon) ???? ??????????? ? 1962?.-?? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ? 900,000-??

?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ( New York University ) ????? ??????????? ( Fales Library ) [16] : ???? ????? ???????????, ? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ???? ?????? [17] ?

2010?.-? ?????????? ???? ? ?????????? ????????? $7???? ?. ?. ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ? ≪Casa Monte Tabor≫-? ??????? ??????? ????-???????? [18] ?

???? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? 72 ??????? ????????, 1970?. ?????????? 25-?? ??????????? , ?????? ? ?????????, ?????? (Ticino), ????????? [19] [20] ? ?????? ??????? ? 1990?.-?? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ? $20??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????? (New York University- NYU) ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? [21] ?

???????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ????????????? ??????? ? , 1929

??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  • ≪??????≫ ( ????. ? Der Feind ) ( 1930 )
  • ≪????????? ??????? ?????≫ ( ????. ? Schweigen um Verdun ) (1930)
  • ≪???? ?????? ?? ?????≫ ( ????. ? Karl Broeger in Fleury ) (1931)
  • ≪?????? ????≫ ( ????. ? Josefs Frau ) (1931)
  • ≪????? ??????? ????????? ??????????≫ ( ????. ? Das seltsame Schicksal des Johann Bartok ) (1931)
  • ≪?????? ?????????????≫ ( ????. ? Der letzte Akt ) ( 1955 )
  • ≪?????? ????≫ ( ????. ? Seid wachsam!! ) (1956)
  • ≪?????? ??????≫ ( ????. ? Die letzte Station ) (1956)
  • ≪?????? ???? ????????????≫ ( ????. ? Der feind ein militanter Pazifist ) ( 1994 )
  • ≪???????? ?????????????≫ ( ????. ? Das unbekannte werk ) (1998)
  • ≪??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??...≫ ( ????. ? Sag mir, daß du mich liebst... ) ( 2001 )

??????? ?????????? ????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  • ???????? ???????? ??????? ?, ??????, 1932, 300 ???
  • ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????, ?????, 1963, 452 ???
  • ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????, ?????, 1970, 500 ???
  • ???? ?????, ?????, 1972, 500 ???
  • ???????? ?????, ?????, 1973, 608 ???
  • ???? ?????, ?????, 2018, 504 ???
  • ???????? ?????, ?????, 2018
  • ??????? ?????????? ?????, ?????, 2020
  • ???????? ??????, ?????

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Bibliotheque nationale de France data.bnf.fr   (??.) : ????????? ??? ???????? ? 2011.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Encyclopædia Britannica
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 RKDartists   (??????.)
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 Ремарк Эрих Мария // Большая советская энциклопедия   (????.) : [в 30 т.] / под ред. А. М. Прохоров ? 3-е изд. ? М. : Советская энциклопедия , 1969.
  5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080801173035/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/remarque.htm
  6. ↑ ≪Erich Maria Remarque Biography - life, family, childhood, children, name, story, death, school, son≫ . www.notablebiographies.com . ??????? ? 2020 ?? ?????? 1-?? .
  7. ↑ Robertson, William. ≪Erich Remarque≫ . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ??????? 25-?? .
  8. ↑ Landova, Jolana: Exil, Krieg und Flucht in Frankreich zwischen 1933 und 1941, dargestellt an ausgewahlten Werken deutscher Schriftsteller , Charles University in Prague, 2009, p. 46.
  9. ↑ ≪Exactly as it happened... (the story of an encounter in Ticino with Remarque and the coach-built Lancia Dilambda , which following All Quiet on the Western Front , he purchased in 1931 and retained till the late 1960s)≫. Motor . Vol. 3506. 1969 ?? ???????? 30. ???? 26?30.
  10. ↑ Afterword by Brian Murdoch, translator of 1996 English edition of All Quiet on the Western Front . London: Vintage Books. 1996. ?? 201. ISBN   978-0-09-953281-1 .
  11. ↑ Schneider, Thomas (1991). Erich Maria Remarque: Ein Chronist des 20. Jahrhunderts, Eine Biographie in Bildern und Dokumenten . Germany: Rasch Verlag Bramsche. ???? 94?95.
  12. ↑ "Finding Aid for Erich Maria Remarque Papers, 1938?1973" , Department of Special Collections and Archives, State University of New York-Albany. 2009; accessed 31 July 2012.
  13. ↑ Ullmann, Michaela. ≪Research Guides: Exiled German-speaking intellectuals in Southern California: Erich Maria Remarque≫ . libguides.usc.edu .
  14. ↑ ≪Elfriede Scholz Obituary≫ (German). Osnabruck Cultural Website. 2005 ?? ?????????? 15. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2009 ?? ?????????? 24-?? . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ??????? 25-?? . {{ cite web }} : CS1 ????? ????????? ????? ( link )
  15. ↑ Sauer, Patrick (2015 ?? ??????? 16). ≪The Most Loved and Hated Novel About World War I≫ . Smithsonian.com . Smithsonian Institution . ??????? ? 2015 ?? ??????? 21-?? .
  16. ↑ Taylor, Marvin J. "Introduction" , The life and writings of Erich Maria Remarque. New York: Fales Library, New York University, 2011; accessed 29 July 2012.
  17. ↑ "About Us" , Remarque Institute. New York University; accessed 29 July 2012.
  18. ↑ swissinfo.ch, Gerhard Lob,. ≪Remarque-Villa im Tessin droht der Abbruch≫ . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2014 ?? ???????? 22-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ??????? 25-?? . {{ cite web }} : CS1 ????? ???????? ????????: authors list ( link ) CS1 ????? ???????? ????????????? ( link )
  19. ↑ Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 56: German Fiction Writers, 1914?1945 . A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by James Hardin, University of South Carolina. The Gale Group, 1987. pp. 222?41
  20. ↑ Remarque's grave entry in the Findagrave website (2019). https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9202/erich-maria-remarque
  21. ↑ Lorch, Donatella. "Paulette Goddard Left N.Y.U. $20 Million" , New York Times , 18 May 1990; accessed 29 July 2012.

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