Jupiter
A composite
Cassini
image of Jupiter. The dark spot is the shadow of
Europa
.
|
Orbital
characteristics
[1]
[2]
Epoch
J2000
|
Aphelion
|
816,520,800 km (5.458104 AU)
|
Perihelion
|
740,573,600 km (4.950429 AU)
|
Semi-major axis
|
778,547,200 km (5.204267 AU)
|
Eccentricity
|
0.048775
|
Orbital period
|
4,331.572
days
11.85920
yr
10,475.8 Jupiter
solar days
[3]
|
Synodic period
|
398.88 days
[4]
|
Average
orbital speed
|
13.07 km/s
[4]
|
Mean anomaly
|
18.818°
|
Inclination
|
1.305° to
Ecliptic
6.09° to
Sun
's equator
0.32° to
Invariable plane
[5]
|
Longitude of ascending node
|
100.492°
|
Argument of perihelion
|
275.066°
|
Satellites
|
63
|
Physical characteristics
|
Mean radius
|
69,911 ± 6 km
[6]
[7]
|
Equatorial
radius
|
71,492 ± 4 km
[6]
[7]
11.209
Earths
|
Polar
radius
|
66,854 ± 10 km
[6]
[7]
10.517 Earths
|
Flattening
|
0.06487 ± 0.00015
|
Surface area
|
6.1419×10
10
km
2
[7]
[8]
121.9 Earths
|
Volume
|
1.4313×10
15
km
3
[4]
[7]
1321.3 Earths
|
Mass
|
1.8986×10
27
kg
[4]
317.8 Earths
1/1047 Sun
[9]
|
Mean
density
|
1.326 g/cm
3
[4]
[7]
|
Equatorial
surface gravity
|
24.79
m/s
2
[4]
[7]
2.528
g
|
Escape velocity
|
59.5 km/s
[4]
[7]
|
Sidereal rotation period
|
9.925 h
[10]
(9 h 55 m 30 s)
|
Rotation velocity at equator
|
12.6 km/s
45,300 km/h
|
Axial tilt
|
3.13°
[4]
|
Right ascension
of
North pole
|
268.057°
17 h 52 min 14 s
[6]
|
Declination
of North pole
|
64.496°
[6]
|
Albedo
|
0.343 (
Bond
)
0.52 (
geom.
)
[4]
|
Surface
temperature
:
1 bar level
0.1 bar
|
|
Apparent magnitude
|
-1.6 to -2.94
[4]
|
Angular size
|
29.8" ? 50.1"
[4]
|
Adjectives
|
Jovian
|
Atmosphere
[4]
|
Surface
pressure
|
20?200
kPa
[11]
(cloud layer)
|
Scale height
|
27 km
|
Composition
|
|
Brahaspati
(pratiik:
, Jupiter),
Saur mandal
(Solar System) ke sab se barraa
grah
(planet) hae.
[12]
aur ii
Suraj
se duur 5th planet hae. Brahaspati ke ek gas giant planet bola jaawe hae, kaahe ki ii bahut barraa hae aur gas se banaa hae. Duusra giant planet hae
Sanigrah
(Saturn),
Arungrah
(Uranus) aur
Varungrah
(Neptune). Brahaspati ke
wajan
1.8986×10
27
kg
hae jon ki
Dunia
se 317.8 dafe jaada hae.
[8]
This is twice the mass of all the other planets in the Solar System put together.
[12]
Brahaspati ke purana Romans log jaanat rahin aur uu logan iske Roman god, Jupiter, (
Latin
:
luppiter
) ke naam ke baad rakkhin rahaa.
[13]
[14]
Brahaspati, raat ke aasmaan me tiisra sab se brightest object hae,
Chandarma
aur
Venus
ke baad me.
[15]
Brahaspati ke lage kamti se kamti 63
chandarma
hae, jisme se 55 5km diameter se chhota hae. Chaar khaar chandarma hae
Io
,
Europa
,
Ganymede
aur
Callisto
.
Brahaspati, Solar System ke sab se barraa planet hae, jiske diameter 142,984
km
hae. Ii dunia ke diameter se 11 dafe jaada hae.
[12]
Brahaspati ke surface ke hawaa me 85.8 to 89.8%
hydrogen
, 8.2 to 12.2%
helium
, aur 1% duusra gas hae.
[4]
Planet ke aur bhittar jaao tab bahut garam rahe hae aur pressure etna jada rahe hae ki helium ras ban jaae hae aur planet ke bhitar paani barrse hae.
[16]
Brahaspati ke gas
Saturn
ke rakam hae lekin ii
Neptune
aur
Uranus
se different har jahaan pe aur kamti hydrogen aur helium gas hae.
[17]
Jaada garmi aur pressure ke kaaran scientist logan ii nai batae sake hae ki Brahaspati ke biich me kon chij hae, kaahe ki ii rakam ke pressure dunia me nai mile hae. Iske biich se thorra bahar jaao tab ek mota hydrogen ke ras hae.
[12]
Ii pressure etna jaada hae ki hydrogen karraa hoe jaawe hae lekin fir se garmii ke kaaran ras ban jaawe hae.
Brahaspati solar system ke aur sab planet ke jorr ke dugna garrhuu hae.
[12]
Because of all the
gas
near the core, it gives off more
heat
than it gets from the
sun
.
[18]
Brahaspati, Dunia se 11 dafe jaada lamba hae aur 318 dafe jaada garrhu hae. Iske volume, Dunia ke volume se 1,317 dafe jaada hae, iske matlab ii hae ki 1,317 dunia isme fit hoe jaawe sake hae.
[19]
- ↑
Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13).
"HORIZONS System"
. NASA JPL
. Retrieved
2007-08-08
.
? At the site, go to the "web interface" then select "Ephemeris Type: Elements", "Target Body: Jupiter Barycenter" and "Center: Sun".
- ↑
Orbital elements refer to the barycenter of the Jupiter system, and are the instantaneous
osculating
values at the precise
J2000
epoch. Barycenter quantities are given because, in contrast to the planetary centre, they do not experience appreciable changes on a day-to-day basis from to the motion of the moons.
- ↑
Seligman, Courtney.
"Rotation Period and Day Length"
. Retrieved
2009-08-13
.
- ↑
4.00
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs named
fact
- ↑
"The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter"
. 2009-04-03.
Archived
from the original on 2009-04-20
. Retrieved
2009-04-10
.
(produced with
Solex 10
written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also
Invariable plane
)
- ↑
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, B. A.; A’Hearn, M. F.; et al. (2007).
"Report of the IAU/IAGWorking Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006"
.
Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
90
(3): 155?180.
doi
:
10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y
.
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/doi/10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y
. Retrieved 2007-08-28
.
- ↑
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
Refers to the level of 1 bar atmospheric pressure
- ↑
8.0
8.1
"Solar System Exploration: Jupiter: Facts & Figures"
.
NASA
. 7 May 2008.
Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "nasafact" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑
"Astrodynamic Constants"
. JPL Solar System Dynamics. 2009-02-27
. Retrieved
2007-08-08
.
- ↑
Seidelmann, P. K.; Abalakin, V. K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M. E.; de Burgh, C.; Lieske, J. H.; Oberst, J.; Simon, J. L.; Standish, E. M.; Stooke, P.; Thomas, P. C. (2001).
"Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites: 2000"
. HNSKY Planetarium Program. Archived from
the original
on 2018-09-30
. Retrieved
2007-02-02
.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
Anonymous (March 1983).
"Probe Nephelometer"
.
Galileo Messenger
(NASA/JPL) (6)
.
http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/messenger/oldmess/2Probe.html
. Retrieved 2007-02-12
.
- ↑
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
"Jupiter - A world book"
. NASA. Archived from
the original
on 2011-08-10
. Retrieved
2009-07-20
.
- ↑
"Etymology of Jupiter"
. Etym Online
. Retrieved
2009-07-20
.
- ↑
Bunson, Mathew (in English).
A Dictionary of the Roman Empire
. Oxford University Press.
ISBN
9780195102338
.
- ↑
"The biggest single object we can see in our galaxy, with the unaided eye"
. NASA. Archived from
the original
on 2009-06-05
. Retrieved
2009-07-20
.
- ↑
"Highlights of the Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer Investigation"
. Archived from
the original
on 2009-04-10
. Retrieved
2009-07-20
.
- ↑
Ingersoll, A. P.; Hammel, H. B.; Spilker, T. R.; Young, R. E. (2005).
"Outer Planets: The Ice Giants"
(PDF)
. Lunar & Planetary Institute
. Retrieved
2007-02-01
.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- ↑
Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. (2006).
Jupiter and Saturn
. New York: Chelsea House.
- ↑
Jupiter
. NASA. Retrieved on
20 Julai
2009
.