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( Papua New Guinea ?? ??????????)
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  • Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini    (language?)
  • Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini    (language?)
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????????????:  ??????? ??? ???? [1]
??????????:  ? ??????, ?? ?? ?? [2]
????????: ????? ???? ????
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?? ???? ???? ???
????? ????????
9°30′S 147°07′E  /  9.500°S 147.117°E  / -9.500; 147.117
???????(??) ????????? , ??? ????? , Hiri [3]
?????? ????? ?? ???????
????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????
 -  ?????? ???????? II
 -  ?????? ???? ????? ?????
 -  ?????? ??????? ????? ??????
???????????   ??????????? ??
 -  ???????? 1 ??????? 1973 
 -  ??????????? 16 ??????? 1975 
?????????
 -  ??? 462,840 km 2 ( 54th )
 -  ?? (%) 2
????????
 -  2009 ?????? 6,732,000 [4] ( 100th )
 -  2000 ?????? 5,190,783
 -  ????? 14.5/km 2 ( 201st )
??? ????? ??????  ( ?????? ) 2009 ?????????
 -  ??? $13.734 billion [5]
 -  ????? ??????? $2,166 [5]
??? ????? ??????  (????????) 2009 ?????????
 -  ??? $7.907 ??? [5]
 -  ????? ??????? $1,247 [5]
????  (1996) 50.9
????
???? ????? ??????? (2013) कमी 0.491 [6]
?????   · 157???
?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? (PGK)
??? ????? AEST ( ????????? +10)
 -  ???????????? ( ??????? ) not observed (as of 2005)  ( ????????? +10)
??????? ???? ???? left
?????? ??? +675
??????? ?????? .pg
????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???

????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? 60 ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? 850 ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? 18 ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

  1. Sir Michael Somare (2004-12-06). "Stable Government, Investment Initiatives, and Economic Growth" . Keynote address to the 8th Papua New Guinea Mining and Petroleum Conference (Google cache) . ??? ?? ????????? 29 ????? 2016 . ?????? ???? 2007-08-09 . ????1 ??????: BOT: original-url status unknown ( link )
  2. "Never more to rise" . The National (February 6, 2006) . ??? ?? 13 ????? 2007 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 2005-01-19 .
  3. "Official languages of Papua New Guinea" . ??? ?? 10 ?????? 2011 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 20 ????? 2011 .
  4. ??????? ???????, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. UN.org Archived 2018-10-24 at the ????? ???? . Retrieved 2009-08-28.
  5. ? ? ? ? "Papua New Guinea" . International Monetary Fund. ??? ?? 30 ?????? 2011 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 2010-04-21 .
  6. ????, ????? (2014). Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience (pdf) . Human Development Report 2014 . ?????????: ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ??? 162. ????????????   978-92-1-126368-8 . ??? ?? 18 ??????? 2015 ?? ????????? (PDF) . ?????? ???? 28 ????? 2014 .

7. ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ??????? ]