??????? ????? ????
(?
??????
:
Royal Court Theatre
) ???
???????
??-????? ????? ?????, ?
???? ??????? ????????? ??'???
. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?-
1956
??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? (English Stage Company).
???????? ?????? ?-Lower George Street, ???? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???? ?-
1870
??? "??????? ?'??? ????" (The New Chelsea Theatre). ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?-1871, ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ??????? ?? ?? ?????? "??????? ????" (Court Theatre).
[1]
???? ???? "???? ?????"
????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? Randall's Thumb,
Creatures of Impulse (?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????), "????? ??????" (????? ????? ??? ??? ??
?????
?- On Guard (???? ?-1871); "???? ?????" (1873, ?? ?????? ???? ?-???, ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????), "???? ??????", ????? ?? "
???? ??? ???????
", ???
??'? ????
(1873); "????? ????? ????", ????? ? La Dame aux Jambes d'Azur- ??? ???? ?????-???? (1874) ?"????? ??????" (1875). ?-1878 ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?'?? ???? ??.?. ????.
[2]
??????? ?????? ??? ?-1882 ??????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?-728 ?????? ????? (????? ?????, ?????, ?????? ?????????????).
[3]
???-??, ????? ???? (?????? ????? ???????? ?-1881) ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?'?? ???????. ??? ?????????, ?? ????? ????
??????
?? ????? ???? ?????, ????? "??????", "?????" (1885), "?????" (1886) ?"??????" (1887).
????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????
, ???? victorianweb.org
???????? ???? ?-22 ????? 1887 ?????.
[4]
????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ?-24 ??????? 1888 ??? "??????? ???? ????" (New Court Theatre). ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???, ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? 841 ??????, ?????, ??????? ?????????????.
???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?'?? ??? ?????? ?'???? ?-1887, ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? (???????? ??????) ?? ???? 1895. ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? "????", ????? ?? ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ?'?? ??? ??'?? ????, ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????.
[5]
????? ???????-????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??
???? ??????
, ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??
?'???' ????? ??
?????? ????. ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?-
1932
, ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????
1940
??
1935
, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?
????? ????? ??????
, ??? ?????? ??????.
[6]
???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?-500. ???????? ???? ???? ?-1952.
[7]
?'???' ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? (English Stage Company) ?????? ???? ?-1956. ???????? ?????? ????
?????
?????? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ???????.
[8]
??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ?? "
??? ????? ????
" ???
?'?? ???????
?-1956, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? "????? ?????? ??????".
[9]
?????? ?? ????? ??, ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?
??????
.
????? ??????
???? ?? "?????? ???" ?"
?????
" ??
?????? ????
(????? ?-1965), ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?"?????? ????? ????", ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??
???? ?'??????
(??????). ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? 1968. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ???????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ??
?????? ????
, ?'?? ????, ?? ?'????? ??.?. ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??
???????? ??????
,
??'?? ???????
,
?????? ??????
,
???? ?'??'??
,
???? ???????
,
??? ??????
, ????????? ??????????,
????? ?????
,
??? ????
, ???? ???????,
????? ??'????
,
?????? ??????
???? ?????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ??
?????? ????
,
??'? ??????
,
????? ???
,
?'??-??? ?????
?
?????? ?????
. ????? ????? ???????? ??????
????????
????? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?-1969, ?????? ?? ???? 63 ?????? ?????.
[10]
?? ????? ?-1973 "
???? ?????? ?? ????
".
[11]
???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ??????
???? ??????
, ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?-1995. ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? 16.2 ??????
?????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??
???????
????? ??????, ???? ?-1996, ??????? ???????? ??
????? ?????
, ??? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ???????????? ????. ??????? ??? ?????' ????????. ???????? ???? ???? ??????? 2000, ?? ???? ????? "?'????" (Jerwood Theatre Downstairs) ?? ?-380 ?????? ?????, ????? ?? 85 ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ??????? "?'????" ?????? (Jerwood Theatre Upstairs). ??? 1994, ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????, ???
?'? ?????
,
??? ????
, ???? ??????? ???? ???????.
???????? ????? ?
????? ????
???? II ????? 1972.
[12]
?????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????. ?-1993, ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? (????? ?-1989 ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????) ??????? 1996 ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
??????
?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?????:
?????
,
????
,
????
,
??????
,
????
,
??????
,
??????
,
??????
,
?????
,
????
,
?????
?
??????
. ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? (International Theatre Institute award) ???? 1999.
???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ???, ???? 2008 ????? ?? "??????" ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?
?????
.
??????? ???
??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? 2012-2007; ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?'??? ????. ???? ???'?????, ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? 2013. ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???
???? ??????
(2006-1998), ??? ???????-?????, ??????? ???', ????? ???, ?????? ????,
?????? ???????
, ?????? ????', ?????? ?????.
[13]
?????? ?????? (?????? 18 ?? 25) ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ????????? ???? ?? ??????.
??????? ???? ???? "???? ????? ??????"
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
????? "???? ????? ??????", ??? ??? ??
???? ?'??'??
, ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? 2009. ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?
????????
.
[14]
[15]
[16]
????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?"???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???, ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????",
[17]
???? ???, ????? ??????? ?????, ???? ????, ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?
?????
.
[18]
[19]
????? ????????? ?????? "
????????
", ???? ?? ????? ?"???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????".
[20]
????? ??? ?"???????" ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ??? ?? ????????,
[21]
???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????.
[22]
?'???? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? "??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????", ???? ?? ?????: "????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????" ????? ??? ??? ???? "????? ???? ??
?????????
". ??? ????? ?????? ???
????? ??
??????? ?????? ??
???????
????????? ??????.
[23]
?'??? ???????
?-"
The Atlantic
" ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??.
[24]
???? ????
????? ??????
???? ?"????? ??? ????? ????? ??
??? ??????
... ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????" ?????? ???? "???? ????? ?????".
[25]
"
???? ???? ?????
" ??? ?????? ??? "????? ?? ???????? ???????".
[26]
??????, ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????:
"??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? "???? ????? ??????" ??? ???? ?'??'?? ????
????????
. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??... ???? ??? ??? ?"???? ????? ??????" ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????... ?????? ????, ????? ?????????? ???, ???? ?????? ???? ???????. "????", ??? ???... ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?
?????
. "?????", ????? ???? ??????? ????... ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?
???????
(?? ??????)"
?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? Over There.
[27]
- Ainger, Michael (2002). Gilbert and Sullivan ? A Dual Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN
0-19-514769-3
.
- Bergan, Ronald (1992). The Great Theatres of London: An Illustrated Companion. London: Trafalgar Square Publishing. ISBN
1-85375-057-3
.
- Earl, John; Michael Sell (2000). Guide to British Theatres 1750-1950. Theatres Trust. pp. 135?36. ISBN
0-7136-5688-3
.
- MacCarthy, Desmond (1907). The Court Theatre 1904-1907 A Commentary and Criticism. London: A. H. Bullen.
- Roberts, Philip (1999). The Royal Court Theatre and the modern stage. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN
0-521-47962-2
.
- Napoleon, Davi (1991). Chelsea on the Edge: The Adventures of an American Theater. Iowa State University Press. ISBN
0-8138-1713-7
. (???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????; ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??'???, ?????, "?????",?-The Contractor) Total Eclipse
- ^
???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? "????????" (Belgravia), ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??
?????? ????? ??????
???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?"??????? ????".
- ^
Ainger, p. 168
- ^
????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????
, ???? ???? Social history: Social and cultural activities, A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 12: Chelsea (2004), pp. 166-76 ???? ???????? ?????? ??????
- ^
Howard, London Theatres, p. 54.
- ^
"New Court Theatre", The Times, 25 September 1888, p.9
- ^
Social history
- ^
Mackintosh and Sell, Curtains!!!, p.155. See Plate 15.
- ^
????????
, ???? ?????? ????
- ^
"????? ?????? ??????" (Angry young men) ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???
????? ???????
?????, ????? ?
???? ???????
. ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????.
- ^
Social history
- ^
?? ???? "???? ?????? ?? ????" ?????? ????
- ^
????? ???? ?????? ????
- ^
??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? 1956
, ???? ??????? ?????? ????
- ^
???? ???????,
??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???
, ??????
?'???? ???????
, 12 ??????? 2009
- ^
?'??? ???????
,
????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????
, ??????
The Atlantic
, 9 ??????? 2009
- ^
???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
, ??????
???? ???? ?????
, 17 ??????? 2009
- ^
??? ?'???,
??????: ???? ????? ??????
, ??????
?'???? ???????
, 12 ??????? 2009
- ^
???? ?????,
??????: ????? ????????
, ???? ?????? ??????? ????, 18 ??????? 2007
- ^
Martin Beckford, Religious Affairs Correspondent, ?
Prominent Jews accuse Royal Court play of demonising Israelis
,
The Telegraph
, 19 February 2009
- ^
????? ?????????,
???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????, ??????
, ??????
????????
, 11 ??????? 2009
- ^
????? ??????,
??? ????? ?? ???? ?'??'??, "???? ????? ??????" ??? ????????
, ??????
????????
, 18 ??????? 2009
- ^
?'???? ??????,
????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????
, ??????
????????
, 20 ??????? 2009
- ^
???? ???????,
??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???
, ??????
?'???? ???????
, 12 ??????? 2009
- ^
?'??? ???????
,
????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????
, ??????
The Atlantic
, 9 ??????? 2009
- ^
???? ???????,
??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???
, ??????
?'???? ???????
, 12 ??????? 2009
- ^
????? ????,
???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????
, ??????
???? ???? ?????
, 17 ??????? 2009
- ^
???? ???,
???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
, ???? officiallondontheatre.co.uk, 26 ???????? 2009