한국   대만   중국   일본 
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ערך מומלץ
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???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? , ? ????? ????? . ???? ????? DC-7 ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? TWA , ?- 30 ????? 1956 . ????? ???? 128 ?????? ????? ????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??, ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ??? ?/?? ???? ??? ???, ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????.

????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? 155,549 ??? ??? ?-26,342 ?????? (???? ?- 24 ?????? 2019 ). [1] ???? ?-2011, 67.57% ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????, 20.72% ??? ????? ???? ????? , 5.95% ????? ??? ???? ???, ?-3.25% ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????. 2.51% ???????? ????? ?????? ????? [2] . ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????, ???? ????? 1983 ?- 2000 ????? 95% ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? [3] .

???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

? ???? ????? (1944) ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???.

???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?"????? ???? ??? ????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????" [4] . ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????.

????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????:

  1. ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ????;
  2. ???? ??? ???? ???? ????;
  3. ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? [5] .

????? ??????? (Incident) ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ??? ???, ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????: ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??-?????; ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? (?????, ??? ???, ??????); ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? [5] .

?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ???? ???????? ? ????? ????? , ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? (?????? ????, ????), ?? ???? ?? ????? .

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ???? ??????', ???? ??????

??????? ??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????
  • ???? ??????? ??????? , ?- 27 ???? 1977 , ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? 747 ?? ???? ?????? KLM ????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? 747 ???, ?? ???? ??? ?? . ??????, ?????? ????? ?? 583 ??? ???, ????? ??? ?????? ???? , ?????? ???, ????? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ??????.
  • ??????? ???? 123 ?? ?'??? ????????? ?- 12 ??????? 1985 ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???. 520 ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? 747 ?? ???? ?'??? ????????? ?????; ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? , ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.
  • ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?- 12 ??????? 1996 , ??? ???? ?'???? ????? ? ???? . ???? ?????? 747 ????? 763 ?? ???? ?????? , ?????? ???? ?????? ? ???? , ????? ????? ???????? Il-76 ????? 197 ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??; 349 ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???????.
  • ?- 3 ???? 1974 ????? ???? ?????? ????? DC-10 ????? 981 ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? , ???? , ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????? . 346 ??????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????.
  • ?- 25 ???? 1979 ?????? ???? 191 ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??'???? ????? DC10 ?? ?????? ????? . ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??' 1 ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?? 258 ??????? ?-13 ???? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? . ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ?-DC-10 ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? .

?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????

????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????: ???? ???, ????? ?????? ??????? ???? [11] .

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??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? , ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ?- 8 ?????? 1963 ???? ???? ?????? 707 ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? [12] . ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ?????? 787 .

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????? ??????? ? ??????? (?????)
???? ?????? 737 ?? ???? ????'???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ???????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? , ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????.

???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? . ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ????? ???, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????, ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ? ????? , ? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????.

??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ???????, ??????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??????? "???? ???" (boots), ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ???, ????? ?????? ????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????. ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? [13] .

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??? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????, ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????. ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????; ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?? ??? . ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ? ????? , ? ?????? ? ??? ???? , ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????, ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????, ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????? [14] . ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ????? ??, ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? [14] .

??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? , ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? [15] .

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???? " ????? " ???? ????? ?????

??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????. ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ?- 1988 ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? 737 ?? ???? ???????? ????????? , ?????? ?????????: 35 ?-104 ??????? ????? ?-21 ?????. ?? ?? ????? Bird Strike Committee ? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 1998 ?- 2010 ???? ?-220 ??? ???. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?-600 ?????? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?-2008 ?? ?-5,000 ????????? ?? ??????? [16] .

??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???????, ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? , ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? [17] . ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ????? , ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. (????, ???? 1549 ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???????  ? ??? ????  ?- 15 ??????   2009 , ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? A320  ???? ????? ????, 5 ???? ???? ??????,  ????? ?????  ? ??? ?????? ) ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? [17] .

????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????:

  • ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? , ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????;
  • ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????;
  • ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????;
  • ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? (????? ????? ????? ?? ???????, ??? ??????, ????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ????);
  • ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??"? , ??????? ?????? ????? [17] .

??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ?????? , ???? ? ?????? . ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? 1972 ? 1984 ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????, ?????? ????? ??? 33 ?????? ?????? (????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????) ???? 254 ?????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ?????? ??? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?"? ???? ??? , ?????? ??? ??????, ???? ???? , ????? ????? ???? ? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ??"?, ????? ? ???? ? ???"??? . ??? ?????? ????? "?????? ???? ???????" (??"???), ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?-76% [18] .

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ?????, ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????; ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? [19] . ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? [20] .

?????? ???? ???????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???. ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?- 10 ?????? 1954 ??- 8 ?????? ????? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???, ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? .

??????? ?????? (Delamination) ??? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ???????? ???????. ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???. ????? ??, ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? , ???????? ???? ???. ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? . ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????, ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????.

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????? ???? ??????? A340 ????? 358 ?? ???? ????? . ?- 2 ??????? 2005 ????? ????? ??? ????? ? ??????? , ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ??? ???. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? 309 ??????? ????? ????? ????? 12 ??? ???? ???.

????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????. ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? 17 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????:

  • ?? ????? - ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???. ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????.
  • ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? - ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????.
  • ?? ????? - ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???: ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ?? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ?? ???, ?? ??? ????? . ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???, ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ??? [21] .

??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ????? ????? ? ??? . ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ??????? ????, ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??. ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???.

???? ??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??? ???? 4590 ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? 10 ???? ???? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ???????. ????? ????? 100 ?????? ????? ???? ????.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????? (??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????), ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? . ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????; ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ???????, ???? [22] . ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????; ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????.

??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ?? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????? (Checklist) ????? ??? ?- 1937 , ??? ????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.

??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? [23] .

???? ????? ???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ??? ???? F/A-18 ????? ???? ?? ? ??"? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?'?? ????? .
??? ????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????

??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? (CFIT), ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? [24] . ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?"???? ??????? ???? ?????" (Computerised Flight Into Terrain), ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????.

???? ???? ?? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? (???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????). ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 180? [25] . ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????-???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? (?????) ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ??????.

???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? (???, ??? ???? ???'), ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? [26] [27] , ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? [28] [29] [30] . ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????.

????? ?????? ??????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? (Runway Incursion) ?? ????? ?? ?????? (Runway Excursion). ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ???, ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? [31] .

????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????: ???? ????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? [32] .

?????? ??????? ????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ????? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ???????, ????. ?? ???, ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ? ???? 593 ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? A310 , ???? ????? ? ?????? ? ???? ???? ; 75 ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?- CVR , ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?-15 ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.


????? ???, ?????? ???? 990 ?? ???'??????? , ?????? ????? ? ??? ???? ? ???? . ???? ????????, ?????? ?- 31 ???????? 1999 , ????? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??.

?? ? ???? 470 ?? LAM ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????, ???????, ??????? ?-29 ??????? 2013 ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ?? 27 ??????? ?-6 ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???-?????.

?????? ???? ???, ?-24 ???? 2015, ???? 9525 ?? ?'????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????.

? ??????? Let L-410 ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? [33] .

????? ??????? ??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?? ????, ????? ??????

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? , ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????:

  • ???? ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????;
  • ?????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???;
  • ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ???, ?????? ????? ???, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????;
  • ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? .

????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????. ??? ??????? ??? ??? ACRO (????? ?????? ????????? ??????, Aircraft Crashes Record Office), ????? ? ?'??? . ?-ACRO ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??? . ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???, ?? ?? ????? ACRO.

????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? 1918 ?? 2008 [34]
????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???, ??? ????? 1918 ?? 2008 [35]

??????? ????? ?- 2007 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 1963 ?????? ???? ???????, ????? 2004 ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? . ??? 1972 ????? ?????? ?????. ????, ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????.

?????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? [36] :

??? ????? ????????
?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????
??????? 4.3 11.1 0.4
???? 20 30 0.6
??? ????? 20 60 1.2
??? 40 130 3.1
????? ???? 40 220 54.2
?????? ???? 90 50 2.6
?????? ??????? 117 30.8 0.05
????? 170 550 44.6
?????? 1640 4840 108.9
?????? ??? [37] 104477611.9 441897.6 16.2

????? ?????? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?"?, ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????.

???? ?????, ????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ???? ????? ??????
?????? ?? NTSB , ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????'? 35 ? ???? ????? , 25 ???????? 1999

??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ????????:

  • ICAO , ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? (International Civil Aviation Organization), ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? . ICAO ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? [38] .
  • IATA , ????? ????? ?????? ????????? (International Air Transport Association) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????: ????? ??????, ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ???????, ?????? [38] .
  • EASA , ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? (European Aviation Safety Agency). ????? EASA ?????? ? ??? , ? ?????? , ??? ??????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ????? ?- 23 ??????? 2003 , ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?- 2008 , ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?-JAA, ?????? ?????? ???????? (Joint Aviation Authorities), ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ?-JAA, ?-EASA ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????, ????? JAA ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ?-EASA ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????; ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????; ??? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????; ????? ???????? ???? ???????; ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? [39] .
  • FAA , ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? (Federal Aviation Administration), ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????.
  • ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? NTSB , ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (National Transportation Safety Board) [40] .

????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ?? AAIB , ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? (Aircraft Accidents Investigation Branch), ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ; CTSB , ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? (Canadian Transportation Safety Board); ‏ ATSB , ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? (Australian accident investigation authority) [41] ?- MAK - ???? ?????? ????-??????? ?? ????? ? ??? ??????? .

?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? . ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ? ???? ??????? [42] .

????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ????? . ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? , ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? (??? ? ????? ???? 8969 ?? ???? ????? ). ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? (??? ????? ? ?????? 11 ??????? ). ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????.

??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????, ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?- 21 ?????? 1988 (??? ????). ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ??????? 1969 ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? , ???? ??? ?? ????? ????. ???? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????; ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ????? , ???? ??, ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? [43] .

????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????, ???? ??????? ????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? [44] .

??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????.

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?? ??? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ? ??????????

?????: ???? 20 ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? , ????? ???? ?????? , 12 ??????? 2012

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ ?? ?? ??? ACRO , ‏????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? 1918.
  2. ^ ?? ?? ??? ACRO , Aircraft Crashes Record Office
  3. ^ ????? ???? ???? ????? ABC
  4. ^ ???? 13 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????
  5. ^ 1 2 ??? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ???????, ??"?, ??? ?-02 (????? ?-PDF ??)
  6. ^ Wonderful Balloon Ascents, Part 2, Chapter 10 , ???? ????????.
  7. ^ History of Flight: The Wright Brothers , ???? thought.co.
  8. ^ ????? TWA, ???? ?-NTSB
  9. ^ ?????? ??????????/??????????? ?????? ??? ??????
  10. ^ ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????.
  11. ^ ????? ??? ????? ????? Air Saftey ?????????? ???????.
  12. ^ ?? ?? Aviation Saftey Network
  13. ^ ?????? ??? ????? SKYbrary ??? ? ??? , ??? ????.
  14. ^ 1 2 ?? ?? ??? SKYbrary
  15. ^ ?? ?? ??? USGS
  16. ^ ?? ?? ??? BSC
  17. ^ 1 2 3 ?? ?? ??? SKYbrary
  18. ^ ?? ?? ??? ????, ? ????? ?????? , ???? ??? ?????? ???????
  19. ^ SKYbrary
  20. ^ ?? ?? ??? NTSB , ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  21. ^ ?? ?? ??? SKYbrary
  22. ^ ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? SKYbrary.
  23. ^ ????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????
  24. ^ ?? ?? ??? SKYbrary
  25. ^ "????? ???? ?????? ???? ????" ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????, ????? ??' 4, 1 ???? 1997
  26. ^ Haaretz.com : Two planes nearly crash at Ben Gurion Airport due to glitch
  27. ^ Jerusalem Post : Weeds blamed for spate of near-misses at Ben-Gurion Airport
  28. ^ momento24.com : An error in the control tower almost caused two planes to collide
  29. ^ ABC local : NTSB, FAA investigate near-miss mid-air collision
  30. ^ La Guardia Near-Crash Is One of a Rising Number
  31. ^ ?????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? .
  32. ^ ?? ?? ???, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? , ???? ???? ??????, ????? 2001
  33. ^ אתר למנויים בלבד Aircraft crashes after crocodile on board escapes and sparks panic , The Telegraph , 21 October 2010
  34. ^ ?? ?? ??? ACRO
  35. ^ ?? ?? ??? ACRO
  36. ^ ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??
  37. ^ https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/566250main_2011.07.05%20SHUTTLE%20ERA%20FACTS.pdf [1]
  38. ^ 1 2 ??? ????? ? ??? .
  39. ^ ?? ?? ??? EASA
  40. ^ ?? ?? ??? RVS . ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??.
  41. ^ ?? ?? ??? RVS
  42. ^ ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????
  43. ^ ?? ?? ???? ???? Fresh
  44. ^ ?? ?? Plane hijacking: in perspective , ???? South Asia Analysis Group


????? ???? " https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=????_?????&oldid=38399302 "