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??????, ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????; ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???, ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ???????? ??????? ????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??
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?????? ???????????, ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? 1600?1046 ????"? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????. ?????? ???????, ?? ?-1300 ??????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????
????
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(殷), ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ????.
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??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?-15 ????"?, ???? ????? ???? ???? ??. ????? ??????? ?
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. ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?-20 ?', ????? ??? 9 ?', ?????? ????? ??? ?-7 ?"?. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ???????.
????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?
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. ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??-??-????.
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ?-1928. ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????.
???? ????? 13 ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????; ??? ?????, ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???.
????? ??????????? ?????? ???????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
?-1999, ????? ????? ?
??? ????
????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?-4,700
????
. ??? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??.
????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?????. ?-1959, ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ??? 2100 ?-1800 ????"?. ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???.