????? ??? ?????? (????? ??????? Black War , "?????? ??????") ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? 1803 ? 1876 ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????-??????'???, ??????.

??????'???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

? ??????'???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? . ???????'???? ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ????????? ???? ??40,000 - 60,000 ???.

?????????? ???????'???? ????????? ???? ???? ?-24,000 ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ? ????? ???? ? ?? ?????? . ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????'????, ???? ????? ??????? ????????'???? ??? ????????, ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???, ???? ?-10,000 ???. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????-????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? - ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ^[1] .

???????? ??????? ??? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 24 ??????? 1642 ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? (Macquarie), ?????? ???? ?? ??????. ?? ???? 1798 ????? ?????? ???, ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????. ???? 1803 ????? ????? ???? ?????? (Risdon) ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? , ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ^[1] . ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? 5,000 ?-10,000 ?????? ??????-??????'????.

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????, ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????, ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???. ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???-???, ?????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ????? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ? ????? , ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ^[1] .

???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ???, ???? 1828 , ????? ????? ??????'???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? - ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? - 5 ????? ???? ?????, ?-2 ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ??? ?? "???? ???????'????" ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?"???? ??????". ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????'???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????: ??? ??????? ????? , ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ^[1] .

???? 1830 , ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ? ??????? ?'???' ???????? ???????? (Robinson), ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? (Flinders), ?????? ?-50 ?"? ? ?????? . ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????'???? . ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????, ?????? ????? ???? ?-200 ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? 5,000 ????? ???? ??????? ^[1] .

??? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????, ???? " ????? ???? " ???? ????? ??? ???? . ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? "???????". ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????, ??????? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ?? 47 ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ??? (Oyster Cove) ?????? ??????. ?? 1869 ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????.

???? 1876 ????? ???????-???????'???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????'???? , ???? ???????'???? ??????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ????'???? ???????'???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???. ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? 1947 , ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? 1976 ????? ???? ???????. ????? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????.

?????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????, ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????, ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????. ???? 1982 ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????????, ???? ?? ???? ????, ??? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ^[1] .

?????? ???????'???? ????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1847 ???? ?????? ????? ????????-??????'???? (?????????), ?? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? , ??? ????? ????? (Furneaux) ????? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ?-16,900 ??????'???? ???????.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

• ??? ??? ?????? , ???? "????? ????? ???? ??"
• ??? ??? ?????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]