?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????
?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????.
16 ?????? 1947
???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????????
???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????, ???? ????? 1
?????? ???? ??????? ???
(?
??????
:
Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Hoß
;
25 ???????
1901
?
16 ??????
1947
) ???
???? ????
?????
???? ??????
???????
, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????, ?????
?????
. ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? (?-4 ???? 1940 - ?????? 1943 ????? ??? ?-8 ???? 1944-18 ?????? 1945). ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?
??? ???
?????? ?
???? ?????? ?????
, ????? ???
?????? ?????
. ?????? ??? ??????? ??,
???? ?????
, ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?
???? ??????
?????? ??
?????? ???? ?????
[1]
?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???
[2]
.
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?
???? ?????
, ????? ????? ?????? ?-1947 ???? ???? ???????.
?? ???? ????
????-????
??????
??????
?????
[3]
. ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???
??????
[4]
.
????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ?
???? ?????? ???????
, ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?
?????
, ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
[5]
.
??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?
????
, ????? ????
1915
????, ???? ???
????
, ????? ?? 15 ????? ?????? ?
????? ????? ???????
. ??? ????
??????
?
??"?
??? ?
???'?????
?
?????
??
??? ?????
, ????? ??? ??????
??? ?????
. ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?
???????
.
???? ?????? ????? ?"
???????
?? ??????" - ????????
???????
?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?
??????
, ??? ??
??????
????
??????? ???????
, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ?"???????" ????
?????
??????, ??? ????? ????? ??
??? ?????
.
????
1922
????? ?
????? ??????
?????
1923
????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?
???
???? ?????
- ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?
???????
???? ?????. ??? ????? ?
????
??
????? ?????
, ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??
????? ??????
. ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????.
?? ????? ?????? ????? ?-
1928
, ??-
1929
??? ?????? ???????, ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??????? "????? ?????", ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??
??????? ?????
[6]
.
???????
1933
????? ?
?? ??
, ??-
1934
????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?
?????? ??????? ???
(??-??-?????????-????????, SS-Totenkopfverbande) ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???. ?????? ???, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????
????? ??????
, ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?
???? ?????? ????
?????? "???? ????". ????
1938
????? ?????? ???? ???? ????
?????????
???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????
??????????????
. ????
1939
????? ???? ?
????? ?? ??
????
????? ?????? ?????? ??????
. ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? 1940 ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????????, ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? 26 ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ??? 78 ?????? ???? 67 ??? ?????
[7]
.
????
1940
, ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????
???????
. ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?"
????? ????? ????? ???????
". ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??, ??????
1942
. ????? ???? ?? ??, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????, ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ??, ??????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? "????? ????".
[8]
??????
1943
???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???
????? ???????
, ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ???? ???? ?
????
???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? (?' ?????). ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?-WVHA ("????? ????? ???? ???????" ?? ??? ??). ?????? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ???
?????? ??
??????? ????? ???????.
?-
8 ????
1944
???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? "???? ??" -
????? ????? ???????
.
????? ?? ?????? ????? ?-430,000 ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 56 ????
[9]
. ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????
[10]
. ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? 10,000 ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?
???????????
, ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?-SS, ??? ?????? ??????.
???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ?-
11 ????
1946
?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??
??? ???????
. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??, ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
[11]
: ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? "??????" ?"??????", ?? ????. ?? ???? ????? ??????.
[12]
?-
16 ????
1946
????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? "??? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? 1941, ?? ????? ?
??
?? ??? ?????? ??? ???, ?????????? 1941 ??? ??? 1943, ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????". ?????
????? ???????
????? ??? ?????? ??
????? ?????????
,
??????? ????
?????
?? ?? ?????
. ?-
25 ????
1946 ???? ???? ???????, ??-
2 ??????
1947
?? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ?-
16 ??????
1947
????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? I.
????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??
?????? ???????
"
?????? ?? ????
" ???? 1979 ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? 1982. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.
?-17 ??????? 1929 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????
[13]
(3 ???? 1908-15 ??????? 1989). ????? 1930 ?? 1943 ????? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ????: ????? ???? ????, ????? ????: ???????????, ???????????? ??????.
?????, ???? ?-
1930
, ?? ??? ????? ?
???? ??????
?
????????
, ?
????? ??? ?? ???????
, ??????????? ????? ??
1932
???? ?
????
??????? ?
???? ???? ?? ???? ?-21
, ???????????? ????? ??
1933
, ??????? ??????; ????????, ???? ??
1937
?????, ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????; ?????, ????? ??1943 ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????.
???? ?? ??, ??????, ?????? ????? ???? ?
????? ???????
, ?????? ?
????????
?????
???? ??????
. ??? ??? ??
1989
???? 81.
????? ??, ???? ?? ?? (??? ?? ????????), ?????, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ???? "???? ?????", ??? ????? ?
???? 2
?-1 ???? 2011. ????? ??
???? ??
"??????, ????", ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????. ?-2020 ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???, ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ?????, ???, ??? ?????? ?????? ?
????????
?
???????
?????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
[14]
. ????? ???? ??, ??????? ?????
???? ???? ???
, ?"?????" ???? ?? ????? ??2014, ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? "???????? ????? ???, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????", ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????.
[15]
????? ??????, ??? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??"?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????". ????? ???, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???, ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? "???? ????, ???? ?????, ???? ?????, ??? ??? ??????"
[16]
.
?
????????
????, ??? ?????? ????
1958
??? "?????? ?? - ??????? ????????", ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?"??? ??? ?????" ???? ???? ?"???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????". ????????? ???? ???? ?
?????
?????? "
??? ????? ??????
" ????
1978
.
???? 2023 ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???
???? ??????
(???????:
The Zone of Interest
)
?? ???
???
???? ???????
???? ?????? ???? ?????
?'???? ??????
, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????
2014
, "The Zone of Interest", ???
????? ??????
. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????. ?????? ??
???????? ?????
(??')
???? ????? ?
????
?????? ?????? ???? ??, ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????, ?????? (
????? ????
), ???? ??? ???
???? ?????? ?????? ???????
.
- ??? ??? (????),
"???????? ???????? ????", ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??
,
????? ?????? ??????
/ ??? ????? ??????, ?'???"?, 1964
- ?????? ???
,
??? ????? ??????
,
????? ??????
, 1987, ??' 320-308
- ??? ???
,
????? ????
, ???????: ?????? 1987
- ????? ??????,
??? ???????: ????? ??? ???? ???????
,
????? ???
, 2013
- ???? ??
,
??????, ????
,
????? ?????? ???????
, 2014
?????? ???? ??
, ???? ???????
Goodreads
- ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????
- ??????? ?????,
?????? ??: ???? ????
, ??? ?? ???
???? ????
,
???? ???? ?? ???? ???????
, ????
????
, 22 ?????? 2014
- ????? ??????,
"?? ?????? ?? ???": ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????
, ????
ynet
, 6 ??????? 2020
- ?????? ???? ??
, ????
??????????? ????????
(???????)
- ?????? ???? ??
, ???? "
Find a Grave
"
(???????)
?????? ???? ??????? ?? (1900-1947)
, ?? ??? ?
?????? ???????
- ^
Israel Gutman, Michael Berenbaum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, U.S. Holocaust Research Institute,
Anatomy of the Auschwitz death camp
, Bloomington : Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. by Indiana University Press, 1994, ISBN
978-0-253-32684-3
- ^
Auschwitz-Birkenau - Franciszek Piper
, web.archive.org, 2011-05-21
- ^
Michael Phayer,
The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965
, Indiana University Press, 2000-09-01, ISBN
978-0-253-33725-2
- ^
Constantine Fitzgibbon, Rudolf Hoess, Joachim Neugroschel, Rudolph Hoess, Primo Levi,
Commandant of Auschwitz : The Autobiography of Rudolf Hoess
, New Ed edition, London: Phoenix, 2000-09-01, ISBN
978-1-84212-024-8
.
(?english)
- ^
Joseph Tenenbaum,
Auschwitz in Retrospect: The Self-Portrait of Rudolf Hoess, Commander of Auschwitz
,
Jewish Social Studies
15, 1953, ??' 203?236
- ^
The Third Reich in Power by Richard J. Evans: 9780143037903 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books
, PenguinRandomhouse.com
(??????? ????????)
- ^
Architect of death at Auschwitz : a biography of Rudolf Hoss | WorldCat.org
, search.worldcat.org
(???????)
- ^
??? ???
,
????? ????
, ??' 168, ????:
??????? ??????: ???????? ??????
, ??' 460; ??' 533, ???? 13.
- ^
?? ???
,
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
,
Wikipedia
2, 2022-09-08, ??' 692
- ^
Wilkinson, Alec (2008-03-10).
"Picturing Auschwitz"
.
The New Yorker
(??????? ????????).
ISSN
0028-792X
. ???? ?-
2024-03-27
.
- ^
?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ????, ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ?? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? (??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????)
- ^
????? ??????,
"?? ?????? ?? ???": ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????
, ????
ynet
, 6 ??????? 2020
???? ????
,
???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????
, ????
????
, 15 ?????? 2017
- ^
"Hiding in N. Virginia, a daughter of Auschwitz"
.
Washington Post
(??????? ????????). 2023-05-17.
ISSN
0190-8286
. ???? ?-
2024-03-24
.
- ^
???? ??
,
???? ????? ?? ???? ???????
, ????
????? ????
, 23 ????? 2020
- ^
???? ??,
?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??
, ????
????? ????
, 27 ????? 2020
- ^
Graham Anderson,
My Nazi family
, The Berliner, 2014-05-06
(??????? ??????)