????? ????????

????? ????????
Robert Conquest
	????? ????????, 1987
????	15 ????? 1917 ; ?????, ?????? ???????
?????	3 ??????? 2015 (???? 98) ; ???? ???? , ????? ?????
??? ????	???????? ?? ???? ??????? , ????????????? , ?????
???? ???????	?????? ????' ; ?????????? ????' ?????? ; ?????????? ?'??? ?????? ; ????'??? ????' ; ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????' ???????????? ?? ?????? ;
??????	?????????? ????????
????? ??????	Michael Braude Award for Light Verse ( 1997 ) ; ???? ????? ???????? ?????, ???? 5 ( 2000 ) ; ??? ?? ??? ( 2012 ) ; ??? ???'??? ( 1994 ) ; ????? ?'????? ( 1993 ) ; ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ; ?????? ?????? ????????? ; ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ; ???? ???? ????? ????? ??'???' ????? ; ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ; ??? ?????????' ; ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ; ???? ??????? ??????? ;

?'???' ????? ???????? (??? ??? ? ?????? : George Robert Acworth Conquest ; ‏ 15 ????? 1917 ? 3 ??????? 2015 ) ??? ????????? ??????? - ????? ???-?????????? , ???? ? ????? , ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? . ???? " ????? ?'????? " ???? 1993 .

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ???? ?-1917 ? ??? ???? ? ????????? ?? ?????? . ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????, ? ?????'???? . ???, ???? ?? ????? ???'??? ??????? , ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? , ???? ?????? ???? ?- 1916 ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ???? ??????. ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????, ????????, ????? ????????. ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????' ????'??? ???????. ??? ????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? , ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? , ? ?????????? ???????? .

?- 1937 ??? ????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????.

?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?- 1942 ????? ??????? ?'??? ???????, ???? ????? ?? ??? ????.

?- 1944 ???? ? ??????? , ????? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????.

???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????, ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???, ?- 1946 , ???? ???? ???? ?????? . ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? 1948 ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????. ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????.

??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????, ????? ???? ?-1948. ??? ????? ???, ???? ??????? ????? ???????, ?? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?-14 ??? ?? 1962, ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????.

? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ??"? . ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ???? ???????.

????? 1964 ? 1978 ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????. ?- 1979 , ?? 62 ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????' ??? ???????, ?????? ???? ?-26 ????. ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? , ?? ?? ?? ????.

?????, ???? ??? ??????, ?????????, ???? ??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ?????, ??? ?- 1937 , ?????? ?? ????? ????. ?- 1945 ??? ??? ????? ???, ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????, ? - PEN Brazil Prize . ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? PEN. ?- 1951 ??? ??? ?- Festival of Britain verse prize ??- 1955 ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???, ???? ????? ????.

??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????, ??? A World of Difference . ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? , ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????.

??? ?- 1960 ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?-21 ????? ??? ????? ??. ?- 1962 ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ????????? , ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?- 1963 ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????.

???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? The Great Terror , ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?- 1968 ?????? ????? ????, ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????, ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? . ?- 1990 , ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??, ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ???????? ??? ????? ??, ?-1968, ??? ???????? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ???????, ????? ??? ??? 15 ?-20 ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???. ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????, ??? ?'???' ????? ??? , ?'??-??? ????? , ?????? ???? , ???? ???? , ????, ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????????, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ^[1]^[2].

?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??, ??? ????? ???????? : "??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???" ^[3].

???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ??????? , ?????? ???? ??? ????????? , ?????????? ????? , ?????????? ???????? , ?????????? ??????? ????. ?- 1990 ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ???????, ???????? ?????? . ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????, ???????, ?????, ???????? ????. ?????, ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????, ?????? ?- 1993 ?? ??? ??????? ???????? , ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ^[4].

????? ???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ??? ??? ?- The American Academy of Arts and Letters , ???? ???? ????? ????? ??'???' ????? , ??? ???? ???????? ??????? , ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??????? , ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? , ????? ??????? ????-?????? , ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????, ????? ????? ?'????? ???? 1993 , ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? 1997 , The Richard Weaver Award for Scholarly Letters ???? 1999 , The Fondazione Liberal Career Award ???? 2004 , ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? 2005 ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ( ????? , ??????? , ???????? ????). ?- 2012 ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ^[5].

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Common Sense About Russia (1960)
Power and Policy in the USSR (1961)
The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities (1960)
Courage of Genius: The Pasternak Affair (1961)
Russia After Khruschev (1965)
The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties (1968)
The Nation Killers (1970)
Where Marx Went Wrong (1970)
Lenin (1972)
Kolyma: The Arctic Death Camps (1978)
Present Danger: Towards a Foreign Policy (1979)
We and They: Civic and Despotic Cultures (1980)
Inside Stalin's Secret Police: NKVD Politics, 1936-1939 (1985)
What to Do When the Russians Come: A Survivor's Guide (with Jon Manchip White, 1984)
The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine (1986)
Tyrants and Typewriters: Communiques in the Struggle for Truth (1989)
Stalin and the Kirov Murder (1989)
The Great Terror: A Reassessment (1990)
Stalin: Breaker of Nations (1991)
History, Humanity, and Truth (1993)
Reflections on a Ravaged Century (1999)
The Dragons of Expectation: Reality and Delusion in the Course of History , W. W. Norton & Company (2004), ISBN 0-393-05933-2
The Great Terror: 40th Anniversary Edition (2008)

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? / ????? ????????, ????? - ???? ????, ????? ????, 2005 ^[6].

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Poems (1956)
Between Mars and Venus (1962)
Arias from a Love Opera, and Other Poems (1969)
Forays (1979)
New and Collected Poems (1988)
Penultimata (2009)
Blokelore and Blokesongs (2012)

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

A World of Difference (1955)
The Egyptologists (with Kingsley Amis, 1965)
The Abomination of Moab (1979)

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment , Oxford University Press (1990) ISBN 0-19-507132-8

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????

?? ????? ???????? , ???? waywiser press
?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? - 15 ??????? 2003 , ???? The Guardian
???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? , ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????
?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? A Ravaged Century , ???? PBS
????? ???? , "??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????", 18 ????? 2012 , ???? ?????
?????? ?? ????? ????????, ???? ????, 15 ????? 2012 , ???? ????? ????
????? ????, "????????? ?????", 22 ????? 2012 , ???? ?????
?'?? ?????????, ????? ????????: ?????????? ???? ???????? , 29 ??????? 2019, ???? ????
????? ???????? , ???? " Find a Grave " (???????)
????? ??????? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ???????? , ???? ??????? Goodreads
????? ???????? , ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment , Oxford University Press (1990) ISBN 0-19-507132-8 , pp. 466-475
^ ?? ???? "????? ?????" ??? ????? ????????, ????? 40 ??? ????? ???? ??????? , ???? ?????????? ???????
^ Michael Ignatieff, The Man Who Was Right , New York Review of Books, Vol. 47, No. 5, March 23, 2000
^ "???????", ????? 2003
^ ??? ??? ?? ???
^ ????? ???? ?? ????

[1] Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment , Oxford University Press (1990) ISBN 0-19-507132-8 , pp. 466-475

[2] ?? ???? "????? ?????" ??? ????? ????????, ????? 40 ??? ????? ???? ??????? , ???? ?????????? ???????

[3] Michael Ignatieff, The Man Who Was Right , New York Review of Books, Vol. 47, No. 5, March 23, 2000

[4] "???????", ????? 2003

[5] ??? ??? ?? ???

[6] ????? ???? ?? ????

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

???? ????? ?'?????
1972?1980	????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?. ?????? ? ?'?? ??? ??????? ? ??? ??? ? ??. ?? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????
1981?1990	?'??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??? ? ??????' ????? ? ??? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????
1991?2000	?????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ?'???? ??'?????
2001?2010	????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? (???) ? ??????? ??'??? ? ??? ????? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ? ?'?? ?????? ? ???? ?? ? ?'???? ????
2011 ?????	??? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??? ? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?? ????