????? ??????, ???? ???????
(???? ????:
????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????????-????????????
, ?
??????
:
Karl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Marie von Habsburg-Lothringen
, ??
???????
:
Karoly Ferenc Jozsef
;
17 ???????
1887
?
1 ??????
1922
), ??? ?
?????
?????? ?
??? ???????
??
????
?????? ??
???????? ???????-???????
??? ?????
1916
?
1918
. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? "
??? ???????
" (??? ???????? ??????) ??????? ???????: ???
??????
?
???????
(??? ?????? ??????), ????
??????
?
????????
. ??????? 1918 ????? ??
??? ??????
????? ?? "????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????", ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????.
??? ??? ?? ???? ???????-?????? ??????? 1916, ?????? ???? ??
???? ???? ??????, ???? ???????
??????? ??
????? ????? ???????
. ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?
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???????
?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? (?????? ???????), ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????-??????? ????.
??? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????????
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, ????? ??
????????? ?????????? ???????
. ??? ???? ???
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???? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ?? 34 ????. ????
2004
????? ??? ?
?????
??????? ???????
???? ?
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. ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????, ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????????
???????? ?????? ???
.
??? ????? ???????, 1889.
????? ?????:
???? ?????, ????? ???????
,
?????????? ?????, ???????? ???????
(?????), ???,
???? ????, ???????? ???????
.
??? ???? ?
????
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??????? ?????
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??????????
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???????? ???????-???????
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, ???? ?????? ??
???? ???????, ???????? ???????
. ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ?-
1889
,
??????, ???? ???? ?? ???????
, ??? ?????? ??
???? ???? ??????, ???? ???????
, ????? ???? ?? ???????
??? ?????
??? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???,
??? ???????, ???????? ???????
. ??? ??????? ???? ?-
1896
?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ?
?????, ?????? ???????
, ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????
?????????
???? ?? ????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, ???? ????, ????? ???? ?? ??????, ???.
???? ?? ???, ???? ????, ??? ?????
?????? ??????
, ???
??????????
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??????
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????
?????? ??????? ??? ???. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????
???? ???????-??????
. ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?
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(?????? ?? ??? ??
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). ????? ??? ???
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. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????-???????.
??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.
?-
1906
???? ???? ???? ?
????
???? 41. ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????
???? ?????
????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????-?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ????
1911
???? ?
????, ????? ??????-?????
, ??? ??
?????? ??????, ???? ?????
?
???? ???????, ????? ???????
, ????? ??? 8 ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ?????
????
??? ??? ?????. ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????.
??? ?????? ????? ???? ?-28 ?????
1914
???? ??????? ????
????
?????? ???????
, ???? ??? ??????
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? ????? ????
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-?????? ??? ???? ????
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????? ????? ???????
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??????? ???????
?????? ??
???????? ????'?????
?
????? ???????
???? ?
?????? ?????
.
???, ???????? ???????
Karl I.
 |
| ??? ??????, 1917
|
|
???? ?????
|
Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Monte
 |
|---|
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?????
|
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,
?????????? (????? ???????)
|
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????, ????? ??????-?????
(
21 ???????? 1911
?
1 ?????? 1922
)
|
|---|
|
??????
|
????, ???? ???? ?? ???????
,
??????, ?????????? ??????? (1922?1993)
,
???????, ?????????? ???????
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?????, ???????? ???????
,
??????, ???????? ??????? (1919?2010)
,
?????, ???????? ???????-????
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|
|---|
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????????
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 ???? ???????-??????
.
|
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|
1914
?
1918
(??4 ????)
|
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 ???????
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??????? ??????
|
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???? ??????? ?-20
????
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????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?-1916.
????????? ??? (?????) ??
??????, ???? ???? ?? ??????
(??? ??
?????? ????, ???? ??????
) ???????
1905
.
?????? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? (AOK; Armee ober kommando). ??? ???? ???????-??????,
????? ??? ???????
, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ???, ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????
??????
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??? ??????
????? ????? ????
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[1]
. ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?
???
(?'??? ??? ???? ????? ?
??????
), ??? ?????? ??
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. ????? ????? ??? ????? ???-
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????? ???????-?????
, ?????? ?
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??????
[2]
.
????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????-??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??
????? ???? ??????
???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?
???? ?????
. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????
?'??????
?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? (?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????) ?????? ??? ???: "?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????"
[3]
.
?????
????? ???????-?????
??? ?????? ???????, ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????-?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ????
?????? ??????
?? ???? ?????. ?????
1916
???? ??? ????? ??????? ?-20, ???? ??? ?
??????? ?-11
??????
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?
???? ????????
, ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?
????? ???????
. ?-
4 ?????
1916 ???? ??? ?????
??????? ?-12
?
???? ???????
, ??-
13 ???????
1916 ??? ???? ?????
????? ?????? ????????? ???
(?????? ???? ??
??????? ???????
???
??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????-???????
) ????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??????
????? ????????
??????.
??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? 1916.
?????? ????? 1916 ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? (??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???????) ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?
???? ????????
. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???. ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?-
21 ???????
1916
?????
??? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ?
????-???????
, ??
????? ??????
??
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????? ??????. ??? ????, ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????-???????
[4]
.
????? ???????? ?? ??????, ????? ???????
????????
????? ??? ?? ????? ????. ???? ??? ???? ???????, ??????? ??????? (?????? ???????) ???? ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? 1917, ???? ??? ?? ?
????????
(?????? ???????; ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????), ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????.
??? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????
????
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????
; ???? ????,
?????, ???? ??????-?????
, ???? ?? ????, ??? ???
????
????
?????
, ???? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
1918
, ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???
??? ????? ????
,
?'???' ??????
??? ?? ???????? ??????. ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???
???????? ???????
?? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ???, ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ??????, ?????? ???????, ???? ??????, ??????? ??????? ???
?????? ??????
????
[5]
. ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????????
[6]
.
???? ?????????? ??????????? (???? ????
?'?????????
?????,
????? ?????
) ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????; ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ?? ?????, ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? 1918. ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?
????? ???
, ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????-??????? ??? ???? ????? ????.
???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ???????? 1918 ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????. ?-16 ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??
?????????
????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ?? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????. ???, ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ??????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?
???????
?????? ?
????? ??????
???
??? ??????
[7]
.
??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??
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??????
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???? ???? ???????
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???? ????? ?????
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??????
, ????? ???
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?????????
????? ????? ????????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???; ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????.
?-
14 ????????
1918
???
????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
????? ???????
????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?
?'???
,
???????
????
?????
??????? (
?????????
), ?? ??????
?????????
?? ???? ????. ?-23 ???????? 1918 ???? ?????? ??????? ????????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (Godollo), ?????? ????? ????? ?
??????
??? ????? ??????. ?-26 ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??.
????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??-27 ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??
??????? ?????
???? ????? ???????. ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????, ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????. ?-30 ????????, ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ?? ?????
??????? ???????
?? ???????? ????????? ???????-???????. ?????? ???, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????: ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????, ?????? ??????? ???????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????.
????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ?-11 ??????? 1918.
?-
31 ????????
??????
????? ???????
???? ?????? ?? ?
????? ????????
?? ??????? ????????, ????????? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??? '????? ??????' ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?
????? ??????
, ?-11 ??????? 1918, ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ????, ?????? ?? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????
[8]
.
??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????-??????? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? (???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????). ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????,
??? ???
, ??? ???? ??????: "?? ???????, ?????? ????
[9]
."
????? ??? ??? ?????? ?
????????'
,
??????????
, ????? ???????.
??? ??????? ????
???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
???? ?????? ??????
?-
11 ???????
1918. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????. ?-
13 ???????
???? ??? ????? ??? ?
?? ???????
. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?
??????
??????? ????? ????'? (Prangins), ?? ????
??? ?'???
.
?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????
[10]
. ?-
1921
??? ??? ????? ???????,
?????? ?????
, ???? ?
????
(????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????), ?? ??? ???????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????. ????? ???????-??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? 1920 ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????, ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????, ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????.
????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? 1919 ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? (?'????????? ?
????? ?????????
???-?? ??? ???????) ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??. ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????,
????? ??????
?
???????? ???????
?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?
???? ???????
. ????? ???, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????, ????? ??????, ????? ????????? ??'????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? "
?????? ?????
". ?? ???? ??'????????
??????? ???
??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???-???????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?
???? ??????
[11]
. ?????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????
????????
??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?
??????? ???????
.
?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? "????????". ????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????, ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????, ????
????? ?????
. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ??
??????? ???????
, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??
[12]
. ????? ???? ??????
??? ????
???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????, ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????.
????? ??? 1920 ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?
???????
???????. ?-24 ???? 1921 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????-??????. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????, ?? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??
?? ?????
????? ???. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????.
????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??
??? ????? ????
,
??????? ?????
, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???
[13]
. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ????????? ?'????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????. '?????? ?????' ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????.
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[14]
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(??? ?-1917).
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??? ?-1, (1887-1922), ???? ???????
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IMDb
(???????)
??? ??????, ???? ???????
, ????
MusicBrainz
(???????)
- ^
Charles I, Emperor of Austria (??? ??????, ???? ???????)
, ???? International Encyclopedia of the First World War (???????????? ????-?????? ?????? ????? ???????)
- ^
Karl as heir to the throne and monarch (??? ????? ???? ???????)
, ???? The World of the Habsburgs (????? ?? ??????????)
- ^
???? ????? ??????; ????? ????? ??????? - ?????? ?????? ???? ??????-???????
, ???? ?????? ??"? ?????? ??????? (
???? ???????
)
- ^
John Van der Kiste (?'?? ??? ?? ?????),
the end of the habsburgs: the decline and fall of the austrian monarchy
, Fonthill Media,
2019
, ??' 210 - 217
- ^
Martyn Rady (????? ????),
The Habsburgs: The Rise and Fall of a World Power (??????????: ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????)
, Penguin,
2020
, ??' 318 (
????? ?????
)
- ^
Pieter M. Judson (???? ?. ?'?????),
The Habsburg Empire: A New History (???????? ???????: ???????? ????)
, Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press,
2016
, ??' 434 - 435
- ^
Alexander Watson (??????? ??????),
Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I (???? ?????: ?????? ???????-??????? ?????? ????? ???????)
, Basic Books,
2017
, ??' 539
- ^
???? ?. ?'?????,
???????? ???????
, ??' 399
- ^
????? ????,
??????????
, ??' 322
- ^
Miklos Zeidler (?????? ??????),
Charles IV’s attempted returns to the Hungarian throne (?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????)
, ??' 252
- ^
??????? ???
(Edvard Bene?),
The Little Entente (????? ?????)
, ???? Foreign Affairs (???? ???), ?????? 1922
- ^
Anton Lehar (????? ??????),
Erinnerungen: Gegenrevolution u. Restaurationsversuche in Ungarn 1918-1921 (????????: ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? 1918?1921)
, Oldenbourg,
1973
, ??' 171
- ^
Thomas Sakmyster (????? ???????),
Mikos Horthy: Ungarn 1918 - 1944 (?????? ?????: ??????? 1918 - 1944)
, Edition Steinbauer,
2006
, ??' 143
- ^
????? ??????,
????????: ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? 1918?1921
, ??' 224
- ^
Putsch attempts in Hungary (???????? ????? ????????)
, ???? The World of the Habsburgs (????? ?? ??????????)