???????? ??????? (BB-55)
 ?????? ?? ????? ?????
???????? ???????
??? ?? ?-3 ????? 1946. ???? ??, ???? ???? ???? ??"? ????? (????? ?????? 40 ?"? ????????? 20 ?"?) ??????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???"??? ???????? ???? ??????
|
| ?????? ?? ????? ?????
???????? ???????
??? ?? ?-3 ????? 1946. ???? ??, ???? ???? ???? ??"? ????? (????? ?????? 40 ?"? ????????? 20 ?"?) ??????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???"??? ???????? ???? ??????
|
|
????? ????
|
|---|
|
??? ??????
|
?????? ?????
|
|---|
|
??
|
 ?? ????? ?????
|
|---|
|
????
|
?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????
|
|---|
|
????? ??? ???????
|
|---|
|
?????
|
????? ??? ????????
 |
|---|
|
??????
|
1 ???????
1937
|
|---|
|
????? ??????
|
27 ????????
1937
|
|---|
|
?????
|
13 ?????
1940
|
|---|
|
????? ???????
|
9 ??????
1941
?
27 ?????
1947
(6 ????)
|
|---|
|
??????
|
???? ?????? ??????? ?-
1960
|
|---|
|
?????
|
34°14′11″N
77°57′15″W
/
34.236447°N 77.954242°W
/
34.236447; -77.954242
|
|---|
|
?????? ??????
|
????? ????? ??????
?????? ????????? ???????
|
|---|
|
?????
|
|---|
|
???????
|
36,000
???
(??????), 45,500 ??? (???????)
|
|---|
|
????
|
222.12 ???
|
|---|
|
????
|
30.02 ???
|
|---|
|
????
|
10.046 ???
|
|---|
|
?????? ??????
|
|---|
|
??????
|
28
?????
|
|---|
|
???? ?????
|
1,800 ?????? ??????
|
|---|
|
???? ????
|
32,320 ?"?
|
|---|
|
????
|
???????? ????? ????? 121,000 ????? ??? (90 ???-????)
|
|---|
|
?????? ??????
|
|---|
|
?????
|
????? ??????: 12 ????' (305 ?"?)
????? ???????: 16 ????' (406 ?"?)
????? ??????: 5.5 ????' (140 ?"?)
???? ??????: 14.7 ????' (373 ?"?)
|
|---|
|
?????
|
???? ?????? ????? 16 ????' (406 ?"?)
20 ?????? ????? 5 ????' (127 ?"?)
16 ?????? ????? 1.1 ????' (28 ?"?)
|
|---|
|
??????
|
3 ?????
??? OS2U ????????
|
|---|
  |
?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (BB-55)
????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
?? ????? ?????
. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??
???? ?????????
, ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? 12 ????? 14 ????' (356 ?????????) ??????? ??????? ????? ????? 16 ????' (406 ?"?) ??????? ???????. ??????? ????? ???? 1937 ??????? ?????? 1941, ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ????? ??????
.
????
?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
??????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????
?????? ?????????
. ??, ??? ????? ??
?????? ??????
??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?
??? ??? ???? ????????
?-
24
?
25 ???????
1942
, ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ???
??????
?? ???
?????
????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?-
1943
??-
1944
, ????
??? ?????? ?????
?
??? ?????? ?????
, ?? ???? ????? ?????
??? ?? ??????????
.
??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??
?????? ??????????
?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????
???? ?'???
?
?????????
?-
1945
, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???. ????
?????? ?? ???
???????, ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????
???? ???? ?????
. ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???
???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
?-
1946
???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????
1960
, ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???. ????
1962
, ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????????,
???????? ???????
.
????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????
???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
???? ?????????
; ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????
1936
, ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???, ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ? 14 ????' (356 ?????????). ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? 23
?????
(43
??"?
) ?????? ????? ?"????????" ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? 14 ????'. ?? ???, ???? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 16 ????' (406 ?"?) ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ?
???
????? ?????.
???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? 728 ??? 9 ????' (222.12 ?????),???? ?? 108 ??? 4 ????' (33.02 ?????) ?
????
?? 32 ??? 11.5 ????' (10.046 ?????).
????
??????? ??? 35,000 ????? ?????? (36,000 ?????) ?????? ???????? ???? ?-44,800 ????? ?????? (45,500 ?????) ????? ???? ???. ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????
???????? ?????
??
?'??? ???????
, ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? Babcock & Wilcox ???????? ?? ??? ???. ??????? ????? ?-121,000
????? ???
(90,000
???????
), ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? 28 ????? (52 ??"?). ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 17,450
?????? ?????
(32,320
?"?
) ??????? ?? 15 ????? (28 ??"?). ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????
??? OS2U ????????
????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ???
??????
?? ???????? ???. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? 1,800 ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?-99 ?????? ?-2,035 ?????.
??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? 16 ????'/45 ????? Mark 6 ????????
?????? ???????
?? ?? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ????
???-??
??????, ???????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??-???????? ????? 5 ????' (127 ?"?) /38 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?"? ?? 16 ????? 1.1 ????' (28 ?????????) ?-18 ????? .50 (12.7 ?"?)
???????? M2
, ??? ????? ??"? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???.
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? 12 ????' (305 ?????????), ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? 5.5 ????' (140 ?????????). ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? 16 ????' (406 ?????????), ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? 14.7 ????' (373 ?????????). ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? 14 ????', ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ??, ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?
???? ????? ???????
????????? ???? ?? ????? ????.
???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???, ??????? ????? ??"? ??????? ?"? ???????. ?? ??????
1942
, ??????? ????? ????? ?????
??"? ???? ??
Mark 3 ?????? ??????, ????? ??"??? Mark 4 ???? ??????? ???????, ??"? ????? ?????? CXAM ???"? ????? ??? ???? SG. ????? ?????? ??? ??????
1944
, ??? ????? ??"? ????? ?????? SK ????? ?-CXAM ???"? SG ???; ???"??? Mark 3 ?????? ???"? ????? ???? Mark 8, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ???????, ??"? ?-SK ????? ???"? SK-2, ????"??? Mark 4 ?????? ?????? ?? ??"??? Mark 12 ?-Mark 22. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??"? ????? ?????? ???? SR ???"? ????? SCR-720.
????? ?????? ??? ???? 1942, ?????? ????? ??"? ?? ???????? ??????? ?-40 ????? ?????? 1.1 ????' (28 ?"?) ????? ?????? ???????, ?-46
????? ???????? 20 ?"? (0.79 ????')
??????? ??????. ?? ????
1943
????? ????? ??"? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? 40 ?"?, ????????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? 20 ?"? ????? ???? 1944, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
1945
. ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ?-20 ?"? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
??? ??????, 17 ?????? 1941
?
?????
?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?-
27 ????????
1937
. ???
?????
?-
13 ?????
1940
?????? ?????? ??? ?-
9 ??????
1941
???? ????????
???? ???????? ???????
?'?? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?. ???????. ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?
?? ??????
?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ????? ??????
. ????
?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
?-
7 ??????
, ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?
???? ????????? ????
.
????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????
1942
, ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?-
23 ??????
???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????
??????
?? ???? ????? ??????
???????
?? ???? ????????? ???????. ?? ???, ?????? ????? ?
????????
, ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????
????? ???????
, ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?
???????? ????
????? 1942. ??? ???? ???
???? ????
?-
10 ?????
??? ??
?????? ???????
???? ????? ?????? ????
??????
. ?-
15 ?????
, ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? (TF) 18, ????? ???? ????? ???????
?????
, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????? ??
?????? ????
??? ????.
???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?-TF 16, ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????
?????????
,
?????? ?????
???????,
?????? ????
?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ?-TF 61, ??????? ??
?? ??????
???? ?????
, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??
????????? ?????? ???????
?
????????
??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????. TF 61 ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?
??????
?-7 ???????, ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????
9 ???????
, ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?
??? ??? ????
. ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????.
?????? ??, ??? ?????? ?
??? ??? ???? ????????
?-
24
?
25 ???????
. ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?-24 ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????'?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????, ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ???? 16:00, ??????? ??"? ?????? ??????? ???. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??"? ??? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?-30 ????? (56 ??"?), ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ???? 4,000 ???? (3,700 ?????) ???????. ????? ?? ????
?????? ?????
Aichi D3A
???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? 16:43 ?? ???? ??????. ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???, ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ????????? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?'???? ??????.
?????? ??"? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? 7 ?-14 ??????, ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????. ?????????? ???'?? ?' ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? D3A ????? ??
????? ????
????? F4F ???????
?? ????????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????, "?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????. ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?-5 ????' ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??"? ???? ??? ???, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????; ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ??????
?'??? ??. ?????
, ???? ?? ????????? ????, ???? ???? ??? ????? 5 ????' ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? 1942 ????? ???????
???? ????????? ????? ????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ?-TF 17 ??? ????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????, ??????? ????
??????
?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????. ??????, ?-
6 ???????
, ??? ?-300 ???? (270 ???) ???
??????
???, ??? ????, ??????? I-19 ?-
15 ???????
, ??? ??? ???????. I-19 ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?-TF 18, ????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ????? ????????? ???? 95 ?????? ??????? ?? TF 17, ?-5 ??? ??? (9.3 ?????????; 5.8 ???) ???. ??? ??? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??? ????????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? 20 ??? (6.1 ???) ???? ?
?? ????
??? ?????? ??? ???? 32?18 ??? (9.8?5.5 ?????) ??? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 5.5 ????? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ?? 25 ????? (46 ??"?). ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???, ???? ?????
??????
????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ????? ?
??? ??????
??? ???? ???????, ?????? ???
30 ???????
?-
17 ???????
.
???? ????? ????? ????????? ????, ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????, ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??. ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????,
?????????
, ?????? ?
?????? ????
?? ?????? ???? ????? ??. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?-TF 64 ??????? ?? ??. ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?
??? ????
???? ??? ??? 1942 ????? 1943 ???? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??
????????? ?????? ?-25
????????? ???
1
?-
4 ??????
1943
. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????
????????
, ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????
??? ??? ???
???? ?????.
???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??"??? ????? ????? ????? ??. ?????? ????? ????????? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? TF 36, ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?. ??????? ??????? ????????? ?
???'????
. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?
?????
, ???? ???? ??????? ????. ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??
??? ??????
.
???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????
????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ?-TF 50, ????? ????? ?????? ????? (TG). ??????? ???? ???? ?-
10 ???????
, ??? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?-TG 50.2 ??? ????? ?
????? ???? ?????? ?????
, ????? ??????? ?? ????,
???????
?
??????
. ?????? ???? ?? ??
???'????
?
????????
???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?-
19 ???????
. ?-
8 ??????
, ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? TG 50.8 ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? -
???'????
,
????????
,
????? ???????
?
?????????
- ??? ??????? ?? ??. ??????? ?????? ?? ???
?????
???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?
??? ????
. ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???
??? ??????
???? ?????.
?-
6 ??????
1944
, TF 58, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????, ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????; ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? TG 58.2. ?????
??? ????'???
, ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????-?????, ????? ?? ?? ?????????, ???????? ????'????. ????? ?????? ??? ??????
????? ???
????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????, TF 58 ???? ????? ??
????
, ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????. ???? ??, ???????? ??????? ?????? ?-TG 58.3. ??????, ????? ??? ????
???? ???? ???
, ???? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ?????? 39 ??????, ?????? 211 ?????? ????? ?-104 ?????? ??????.
????? ???? ??????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
??? ??????
. ??? ??? ?
??'???
, ????? ???? ??? ???? ????, ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??
????
?-?????, ?????? ???
31 ????
?-
1 ??????
. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????
???
13
?-
24 ??????
. ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?-
29
?
30 ??????
; ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?
?????
; ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ?-
1 ????
, ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?-TG 58.7, ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???. ???? ??? TF 58 ???? ??????? ???'??? ??
????????
?-
4 ????
; ???, ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?
???
???.
???????? ??????? ????
??? ????
, ???? 1944
???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???'??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??
??? ??????
. ??????? ???? ?-TG 58.7, ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? TF 58 ???? ?-
6 ?????
??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???
??????
. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??
????? ???????
???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?-
15 ?????
???
??????
???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???, ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????; ???? ?????? ????, ???????? ??????? ????? ???. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??
??? ?????
???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????.
????? ????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ???? TF 58 ?????? ????? ???? ?-
18 ?????
, ?? ?????? ?
??? ?? ??????????
?-
19
?
20 ?????
. ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ?-15 ??? ??? (28 ?????????; 17 ???) ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????, ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????, ???????? ??????? ?
?????????
??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????'? ?????.
???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? 1944
???????? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?
?????? ??????????
, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?
??????
?-
7 ???????
. ?? ??? ?????? ?-TG 38.3, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????
??? ??????
?
?? ??????
?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? 50 ????? 30. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?
?????
,
?????
?
???????
??? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ???, ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????
??????
. ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?-
15 ??????
. ????? ???? ???? ???, ??? ???? ???? ?
?????????
???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????. ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????.
???? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????, ????
????-??? ???????
, ??? ??????, ?
??? ??????
??????
1945
. ???????? ??????? ????? ?-TG 38.3 ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?-
3
?
4 ??????
, ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??
?????
?-
6
??-
7 ??????
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??
??????
. ?-
10 ??????
????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?
?? ??? ??????
??? ????? ?????? ?????-??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????????, ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????.
???????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
?????
??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?
????? ???????? ????? ?'???
?
??? ?????
. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??, ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?-TG 58.4. ??? ??? ??????? ?-
10 ???????
, ????? ????? ??????? ???
??????
?-
12 ???????
, ???? ??? ?-
14 ???????
?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
?????
?????? ???? ???. ??????? ????? ??
17 ???????
??????, ??? ???? ????? ?-TG 58.4 ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??
???? ?'???
. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ???????? ???????,
?????????
??????? ?????
????????????
?????? ?????? ?????? TF 54, ??? ?????? ??????; ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??
22 ???????
. ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?-
24 ???????
??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????.
???? ???? ?? ???? ?'???, ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??
?????????
???? ??????. ?????? ????, ?-
25
??-
26 ???????
, ??? ?????? ?????
?????
, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?'??? ?????. ??? ???? ?-
28 ???????
??-
1 ????
??? ?? ?????????, ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?-
4 ????
. ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?-TG 58.3. ??? ?????? ?-
14 ????
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???; ??????? ????? ?-
16 ????
???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?
?????
. ??????? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?-
22 ????
, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????.
???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? 1946
?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?
??? ??????
????? ????
?????? ?? ?????????
?-
1 ??????
. ?????????? ??????? ???? ???, ??? ????? ?-TG 58.2. ????? ???? ???? ???, ???????? ??????? ????? ?????
???????
. ???? ??"? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? 5 ????', ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?-
7 ??????
, ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????-???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
?????
, ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?-
11 ??????
. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?-
17 ??????
, ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??"? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????.
???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?
???? ?????
???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?-
1 ?????
. ???? ??, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?-TG 38.3. ??????? ????????? ???? ?-
10 ?????
, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ???? ?????, ?? ?????
??????
?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?-
19 ?????
. ????? ?????? ???, ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?
???? ?????
??? ?? ????. ????
?????? ??????
?-
15 ???????
, ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?
??? ??????
??????? ?????? ?
???? ?????
?-
27 ???????
?? ??? ???. ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??
5 ???????
, ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????. ?????, ??? ????? ?-TF 11 ??? ?? ????
?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????
, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ???, ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????
???? ???? ?????
. ??????? ???? ??? ??? 10 ???? ???? ?????? ?-67 ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????????.
??? ???? ??
???? ????
?-
8 ????????
?????? ?
??????
?-
17 ????????
. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???
???? ??????
, ???? ???? ??????? ?
??????
?
??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
?
???????
?????
1946
. ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????.
??????? ????? ?????? ?-
27 ?????
1947
?
??? ????
??????? ????????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?-
1954
???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?-31 ????? (57 ??"?), ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????; ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? (?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????) ?????? ?
????? ????
??????? ?????? ??????
??????
?????? ?? 16 ????? 3 ????' (76 ?????????). ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????.
??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?-
1 ?????
1960
, ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???????? ???????, ?'???? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
????
?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ?
????
???? ?. ????'?
???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 250,000 ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????, ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ????????? WRAL - ?????? ?????? ?????? "????? ?? ??????? ????" - ??????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ?-330,000 ???? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????; ???? ???? ?????: ????'????, ????? ????, ?
??????????
. ??????? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????
??????
.
???????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?-1961
?-
6 ???????
1961
, ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ????? ?
?????
,
??? ?'???
, ?????? ???????????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ???
??????
?-
25 ???????
. ???? ????? ????? ??????, ?-
2 ????????
, ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ??
???, ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????. ???? ?????? ??? - ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????????, ?-28 ??? (45 ?????????) ?????? ?? ???? ??
????????? ???????
- ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?-
29 ??????
1962
??????? ????? ?-11,000 ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?
????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????
?????
????? ????? ??????
.
????
1964
, ???? ???????? ?????? ?
???????? ???????
,
????
, ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ???? ????????.
??????
???? ?-80
, ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????
?????? ?????? ????? ?????
, ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????
?????
?
???'????
, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?-
10 ???????
1982
; ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????.
?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ????
1998
, ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? Ship Shape, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ???
???
?? ???????, ?????? ??? ??? ?
??????
. ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????, ??? ?????
???? ?-2000
?????? ????????; ??????? ???????,
???????
?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? 0.625?0.75 ????' (15.9?19.1 ?????????) ?? ????? ?? 0.15 ????' (3.8 ?????????). ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ?????
??? ?????
???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????. ????
2018
???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? SECU. ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????
2021
.
???? ??????
2024
, ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????. ????
2022
????? ???????? ???? 250,000 ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.
????? ?????
???? ?-21
, ????? ??? ????? ?
???? ??? ???
?????? ?
?????? ?????
???? ????? ????? ???? ????????. ?? ???? ???? ??
???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????
0.5 ???? (0.8 ?"?) ????????? ??? ????? ?? 9 ????' (23 ?????????) ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?-
1935
?-
2023
, ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? 7,000 ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????
1961
?-2023, ?? 20 ?????? ???? ???? ?????
2011
. ????
2013
, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????: ????
2020
??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????, ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???, ?? 200 ??? ???? ????? 2022. ?? ????? 2024, ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???, ???? ???
????
????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????.
??? ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 4.1 ??????
????
- ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? 2024 - ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???. ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?-800 ??? (244 ?????) ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?"?? ??? ??" ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????; ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??
????
???? ?? ???? 1961, ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????; ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????; ?????? 100 ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?-130,000 ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? 2 ?????? ???? ??????? ??
????? ????? ?????
?????? ???????? ???????, ???? ?-1 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????.
?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??-1 ??? (0.3 ?????) ??? 2024 ?-
2050
, ?????? ?????? ???? 2024 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???
2039
?-
2044
, ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? 2024 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?-21.