???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
???? ???? ????? ???????
???? ???? ??'???
,
????
; ????? ?
??? ?-12
???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??
?????? ?????????
,
??????
; ????? ? "????? ??????"; ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?-1268
???????
???
????????
(
Cosmati
,
Cosmatesque
) ??? ??? ?? ??????
?????
?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?-
12
??-
13
. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ?????, ????? ?
??????
, ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ?
?????
?????
, ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ??????, ????? ???? ?
????? ???????
.
??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???
??????????
?? ????? ???????
(
??'
)
?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?-12 ??-13. ????? "??????????" ???? ???? ?-19 ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????.
????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?
????? ??????
???? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?
??????
???? ????? (???????), ??? ???? ?
?????
???? ? ??? ??????
??????
?? ??????
????
. ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????.
?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???
?????? ?????????
?
??????
, ??????? "????? ??????" ?? ???? ?????? ?????????.
[1]
????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?-13 ????? ?
?????? ????
?
???????
. ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ?
???? ??????
???? ???? ???? ?? ?
????
?????? ??
1808
, ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????.
[2]
?????? "
???? ???????
" ?? ?????????? ?
??? ?-14
???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?
????? ???????
?????? ???? ??????? ????????.
[3]
- Paloma Pajares-Ayuela,
Cosmatesque Ornament
, W.W. Norton, 2002
- Jane Fawcett,
Historic floors: their history and conservation
, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998