????? "?"?" ???? ????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?'?"?, ??? ?'?"? .

??????? (????? ?????: ?"? ?? kg ; ???????: ??? ??? ) ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? .

??????, ???? ???? ???, ???????? "???????" ???????? ?????? ? ???????-??? , ???? ????? ???? (?????, ????? ??? ). ?????? ????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????.

????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?-1793, ????? ???????? ????? ?? 1,000 ??"? (?? ???? ) ?? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ?? 4 ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???. ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????, ?- 1889 ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? (????? Le Grand K ( ??' ) ) ????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ???? ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ^[1] .

???? 2005 , ???? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????, ?? ?? ????? ???? (??? ??? ???? ???), ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ( ??' ) ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? , ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????. ^[2]

?-16 ??????? 2018 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????, ^{[3] [ ???? ????: ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????. ]} ???? ????? ????? ?- 20 ???? 2019 . ^[4] ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? , ??????:

$${\displaystyle 1{\mbox{kg}}={\frac {h}{6.62607015\times {10}^{-34}{\mbox{m}}^{2}/{\mbox{s}}}}}$$

• ${\displaystyle {\mbox{kg}}}$ - ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?-SI
• ${\displaystyle h}$ - ???? ?????
• ${\displaystyle {\mbox{m}}}$ ? ???
• ${\displaystyle {\mbox{s}}}$ ? ?????

????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????: ???? ?????, ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ??? , ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? (????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????).

?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? (Kibble balance) . ^[5]

??????? ??? ???????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ??? ???????-??? ???? ???????-???: ???????-??? (??"?) ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????-??? (??"?) ???, ??? 9.81 ?????? . ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????, ??????? "???????" ????? ???????-???.

?????? ???? ??????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??-?? ???????? ???????? ??:

• ??????? = ???????? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{30}}$ ???.
• ?????? = ????????? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{27}}$ ???.
• ?????? = ??????????? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{24}}$ ???.
• ?????? = ?????????? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{21}}$ ???.
• ?????? = ??????? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{18}}$ ???.
• ??????? = ??????? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{15}}$ ???.
• ?????? = ?????? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{12}}$ ???.
• ??????? = ??? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{9}}$ ???. ??????, ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????: ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? TNT .
• ???? ?? ??? (?? ??? ???? ) = ??? ???????, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{6}}$ ???.
• ??????? = ?????? ???????, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{3}}$ ???.
• ??? = ????? ????????, ?????? ??' (? ?????? , g).
• ??????? = ????? ????, ?????? ?"? (???????, mg), ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{-3}}$ ???.
• ???????? = ???????? ???, ?????? ??"? (??????? Mcg) ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{-6}}$ ???.
• ?????? = ????????? ???, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{-9}}$ ???.
• ??????? = ????? ??????, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{-12}}$ ???.
• ??????? = ???????? ??????, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{-15}}$ ???.
• ?????? = ????????? ??????, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{-18}}$ ???.
• ??????? = ???????????? ??????, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{-21}}$ ???.
• ???????? = ????????????? ??????, ?? ${\displaystyle 10^{-24}}$ ???.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ????????
??? ?????? ???????????: ??????
??? ?????? ???????????: ??? ???
??? ?????? ???????????: ??? ????
??? ?????? ???????????: ??? ???
??? ?????? ???????????: ???????
?????? ????? ???????????: ???????

• ??????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
• ??? ?????????, "?????", ???????? ???? ?????? , ???? ynet , 17 ??????? 2007
• "????", ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? , ???? ???? , 8 ?????? 2013
• ??? ?????? , 250 ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? , ???? ???? , 31 ?????? 2014
• ??? ?????, ? ??? ???? ????????? , ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? , 13 ?????? 2017
• "????", ????? ???? ????: ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? , ???? ???? , 14 ??????? 2018
• Pallab Ghosh, Kilogram gets a new definition , BBC News, ‏16 ??????? 2018 (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]