???????? ?????

???????? ????? (? ?????? : Maputo Protocol ), ?? ???? ????: ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? , ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? , ?????? ????? ?-2005. ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? , ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? , ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? . ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ????? , ???? ??????? , ???? 2003 ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? (?????? ?-1981, ?????? ?? ??? ???"? ??????? ?-1986, ??????? ?????? ????).

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (WiLDAF) ???? 1995, ? ???? , ????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? (OAU) ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? (ACHPR) ???? ???????? ??? ????? 1995, ? ???? ???? .

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights ‏ ACHPR, ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ??? ?-ACHPR ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????, ????? ?-ACHPR ????? ?-22 ??? ???????? 1997, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????. ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????, ??????? 1998, ?????? ?-23 ?? ?-ACHPR ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?'????? ???????? ?????? , ????? ??? ??????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????. ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????. ??????? ?-OAU ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?-1999, ????? 2000 ? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????-???????? ??-ACHPR. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 2001, ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?-AU ?-2002.

?????? 2003, ????? Equality Now ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????. ??????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????, ?-11 ????? 2003.

?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????. ???????, ????, ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ??????, ???, ????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? "????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???????". ???????, ????, ????, ?????? ???? ??????? ????? 14, ????? ????? ?? "? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????". ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????. ^[1]

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?-11 ????? 2003 ????? ?????? ??? ? ????? , ???????. ^[2] ?-25 ??????? 2005, ???? ?????? ?? ??? 15 ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ????????? ???? ?????. ^[3]

???? ????? 2019, ???? 55 ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????, 49 ???? ?? ????????? ?-42 ????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ?????? ?-AU ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? , ????? ? ????? . ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? , ????????? ????? ???????? , ?'?? , ???????? , ?????? , ???'? , ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? , ?????? , ???? ???? ? ????? . ^[4]

???? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? ????????? ??:

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- ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????.
???? 6: ???????
???? 7: ?????, ??????? ?????? ???????
???? 8: ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????
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???? 10: ????? ?????
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???? 21: ???? ?????
???? 22: ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
???? 23: ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????
???? 24: ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
???? 25: ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ??:

???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????.
??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? .

??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ???????? ?-16 ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ?"?????? ???? ????????? ????? ? ???? ". ^[5] ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?"?????? ????". ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? , ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? , ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?"????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????". ^[6]

? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ????? 14, ????? ????? ???? "?????? ?? ????? ?????, ????, ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????", ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ^[7] ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 2006, ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ^[8] ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?-22 ????? 2010. ^[9]

??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

? ???'? , ??? ??????? ?? ?????????, ???? ?? 42 ??? 31 ??????, ?? 4 ??????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????. ^[10] ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? 2009 ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? "????????? ????? ???????", ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????. ^[11]

??? ???, ? ?'????? ????? ????????? ??????? 2005 ???? ?????? ??????? ??-?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?'????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ^[12]^[13]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????

????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? - ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????
???????? ????? ?????? , stopfgmc.org, ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????.
???? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ACHPR.

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ AU Executive Council endorses protocol on women's rights , Panafrican News Agency (PANA) Daily Newswire, 7 September 2003
^ African Union: Rights of Women Protocol Adopted , press release, Amnesty International , 22 July 2003
^ UNICEF: toward ending female genital mutilation , press release, UNICEF , 7 February 2006
^ "List of countries which have Signed, Ratified/Acceded the Maputo Protocol" (PDF) (???????). African Union. 19 ????? 2020 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Pope to diplomats: Respect for rights, desires is only path to peace , 8 January 2007, Catholic News Service
^ Marking The International Day of Women , 8 March 2008, Vatican Radio
^ Rights Treaty in Uganda Snags on 'African Values' , Women's eNews , 2 June 2008
^ Open Letter to the Government and People of Uganda Concerning the Ratification of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples' Right: On the Rights of Women in Africa , Catholic Bishops' Conference of Uganda, document hosted at Eternal Word Television Network
^ "Gandi Blogs" . africa4womensrights.org . ???? ?- 2020-12-22 .
^ Niger MPs reject protocol on women's rights , Independent Online , 6 June 2006
^ JOURNEE NATIONALE DE LA FEMME NIGERIENNE: Les femmes musulmanes s’opposent aux ‘’textes sataniques’’ relatifs a la femme . Mamane Abdou, Roue de l’Histoire (Niamey) n° 456. 14 May 2009.
^ Djibouti ratifies the Maputo Protocol against the practice. Conference in Djibouti affirms Koran says nothing about it , WADI
^ DJIBOUTI: Anti-FGM protocol ratified but huge challenges remain , 14 December 2008, IRIN

[PANA-1] AU Executive Council endorses protocol on women's rights , Panafrican News Agency (PANA) Daily Newswire, 7 September 2003

[2] African Union: Rights of Women Protocol Adopted , press release, Amnesty International , 22 July 2003

[3] UNICEF: toward ending female genital mutilation , press release, UNICEF , 7 February 2006

[4] "List of countries which have Signed, Ratified/Acceded the Maputo Protocol" (PDF) (???????). African Union. 19 ????? 2020 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[5] Pope to diplomats: Respect for rights, desires is only path to peace , 8 January 2007, Catholic News Service

[6] Marking The International Day of Women , 8 March 2008, Vatican Radio

[7] Rights Treaty in Uganda Snags on 'African Values' , Women's eNews , 2 June 2008

[8] Open Letter to the Government and People of Uganda Concerning the Ratification of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples' Right: On the Rights of Women in Africa , Catholic Bishops' Conference of Uganda, document hosted at Eternal Word Television Network

[9] "Gandi Blogs" . africa4womensrights.org . ???? ?- 2020-12-22 .

[10] Niger MPs reject protocol on women's rights , Independent Online , 6 June 2006

[11] JOURNEE NATIONALE DE LA FEMME NIGERIENNE: Les femmes musulmanes s’opposent aux ‘’textes sataniques’’ relatifs a la femme . Mamane Abdou, Roue de l’Histoire (Niamey) n° 456. 14 May 2009.

[12] Djibouti ratifies the Maputo Protocol against the practice. Conference in Djibouti affirms Koran says nothing about it , WADI

[13] DJIBOUTI: Anti-FGM protocol ratified but huge challenges remain , 14 December 2008, IRIN

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