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??????? 1
(?
??????
:
Formula 1
, ?? ??????
F1
) ??? ??? ???? ??
????? ???????
??-??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?
????? ???????
. ???? ??? 2023 ????? 22 ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? (
?????
,
?????
,
?????
?
???
). ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???
??????? ?????????? ????
(FIA) ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?-
FIA
????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?-135
??????
????
???? (??? ???? 2023) ?????? ?? ??? ?-
FIA
. ?????? ????? ?? 21 ?????? ????? ???? ?-1.8 ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????
[1]
.
???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 2017
???? ??????
159, ??????? ??
???? ????? ???'??
???? ????? ????
1951
???? ???????? 1 ?????? ?????? ?-
1948
, ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????
1950
?? 18 ?????? ????? ??????. ?????
?????
??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????
1958
.
??? ?? ?????? ??????? 1 ?? ?????
?????
. ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????
?
???? 2023
?????? ??? ???? 20 ????? ???????? 10 ?????? (??? ????? ??? ?????). ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????
??????
,
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?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ????:
???????
,
????? ?????
?
?? ??? ???????
. ???? ???????? ?? ???????, ????? ????????, ??? ??????, ??? ??????, ??? ???????, ??? ????????? ???? ?
?????? ???????
. ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???
???????
: ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????. ?????, ???? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????: ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????, ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????.
????? ??????? ??????? 1 ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??
??????
????? ?????.
[2]
??????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ????? ???: ?? ???? ?????
????
?? 20?25
?"?
, ????? ??
?????
?
?????
, ??? ????? ?????.
[3]
????? ???? ???? ?
????
?????? ?? ???? ???? 170 ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?-5
?"?
?????? ?????? ?
????
??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????
????
?????? ???? ???.
[3]
???? ??????? 1 ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? 2019 ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? 170 ??? ???? (??????? ????? - ???? ????) ???? 57 ?????? ???? ????? (
????? ???????
- ?????).
?? ?? ???????? 1 ???? ??????? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????, ??? ?????
????? ??????
:
[4]
??????? ?
???????
??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ?
???????
????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??. ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ????
???? 2002
????? ?????? ????????, ?? ?
???? 2011
?????? ????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.
?????? ??????? ???????
?????? ?????? ????? ??????? 1 ????
????? ??????? 1 ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????, ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
???
??????? ?????
??????
. ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ???? ?????.
????? ???? ??????? 1 ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????
????? ??????
?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????.
[5]
?????, ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? 1 ??? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? 29 ?????? ????.
[5]
???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????
????? 2024
, ?? ?????? 24 ??????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? (?? ???? ????? 2011 ??????? ???? ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?
????
, ??? ?
????????
, ??? ?
????
, ??? ?
?????
?????? ????? ?????? ? ?
??????
??
??? ????
). ???? 2012 ???? ???? ??? ?
????? ?????
?
??????
, ????
????
, ?????
2014
?????? ??????? ???? ?
?????
.
???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????
??????
???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? (
???? ??? ?????
??? ??????? ????).
??? ????
1999
????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? 1 ????
????? ??? ???????
, ??? ???? ?????? ??????
???????????
??????? (12 ?????), ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????
??????
. ???? 2012 ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
2016
???? ????
????
????? ???? ?? ?????.
??? ???? 2021 ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? (????? 2021 ?- 2022 ????? ????? ????? ??????, ??- 2023 ????? ????). ????? ?????? ???? 30 ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???, ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ?????, ????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????.
???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????
??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? (??????? ???? 1, 3, 5 ???') ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? (??????? ???? 2, 4, 6 ???'). ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????.
???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ?
???? 2006
?????? ??????? ???? ?
???????
. ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????.
???? ????? 2014 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 18 ???? ?????? ??????? 16 ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?-17 ?????, ?? ?? ?????????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? 11 ?? 16. ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? 12 ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ("
??? ??????
"), ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????.
??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????, ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??. ??? ?
???? 1996
????? "
??? 107%
" ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?-107% ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????.
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????.
???? ?????? ?????? ??????? (Sprint Shootout)
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. (12, 10 ?- 8 ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????? - ????? 18, 15 ?- 12 ???? ??????).
?????? ??????
????? ???? ??????? ??
????? ????
????? ????? ?
?????
????
2006
??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????: ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???; ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? (???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????); ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????; ?????? ????? ?
??????
????? ???????? (
Pit stop
) ??????
????????
????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?
??????
???? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? "???????" ?? ??? ?????? (????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? - ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????), ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????????.
??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????, ???? ??????
????
?? ?
?????
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??????
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????? ??????
?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????
??????
(?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????
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) ?????? ?????? ???????
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?? ??????
?'???' ????
.
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??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ?
??????
?? ?????? (???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ??? 2010 ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????). ??? ???? ????, ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????
???
, ?????? ???????
?????
????? ??? ????????
??????
????? ????? ?????? ???? 6 (C0 - C5 ???? C0 ?? ??? ???? ?-C5 ??? ????).
[6]
?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????. ?? ???, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???????, ?
??? ?????
??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????.
?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ???????? - ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????.
?? ???, ?? ?? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ???, ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ???????? (????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????) ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? (??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ???????). ????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???. ????? ??, ???? ??
??????
??? ????? ?? ????? ???, ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.
?????
2009
[7]
???? ??????? ?????? ?????? KERS (???????: Kinetic Energy Recovery System), ????? ??????? ????? ??
?????? ??????
?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?? ???????
????
?????? ???????
???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???
???? ?????
, ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? 1. ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????
??????? F1
, ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???. ??????? ????? KERS ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?
???
?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?
????
???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ?-FIA ?????
2009
?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 80
?"?
(60
???????
). ?????
2010
???? ????? ?????? ?????? KERS ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??. ?????
2011
????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.
[8]
?????
2014
???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?-160
?"?
(120
???????
) ??? ???? ???, ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? 1 ??? ????? ?????? 8 ?-6
?????????
.
[9]
?
???? 2011
???? ???????? 1 ?????? ?????? ??????
??? ???
?? ?????? DRS (???????: Drag Reduction System). ????? ?? ????? ???? ???
???????????
???? ??????? ?? ?????
??????
??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ?-DRS ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????, ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?
???
???? ??????? ????? ???. ?? ?? ?????? ?-FIA ????? ?-DRS ?????? ????? ?? 10?12
??"?
??????? ???????.
[10]
????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?-DRS ??? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????
[11]
: ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?
?????
??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? (????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????), ????? ?????? ?-DRS ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? (activation zone) ??? (???? ??? ??????? ????????), ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????
??? ?????
???? ?? ????? ?? ??????.
??? ????? ?
???? ?????? ???????? 1
???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
2010
. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?-25 ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? 90% ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????.
[12]
??? ?????
2019
?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???
????? ??????
??? ????, ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????????.
[13]
?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? 75% ?????? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?
???? ??? ?????
?????
2021
, ?? ????? ????? ???? 3 ????? (????? 44) ??? ??? ???.
[14]
?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????.
| ?????
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
???? ?????
|
| ??????
|
25
|
18
|
15
|
12
|
10
|
8
|
6
|
4
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?- 8 ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????.
| ?????
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
| ??????
|
8
|
7
|
6
|
5
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
????? ??????
???? ????? 7 ?????
????? ??????, ???? ??????? 2023.
- ????? ????:
????? ??????
- 7,
????? ???????
- 7,
???? ????? ???'??
- 5,
??? ?????
- 4,
??????? ???
- 4,
?'? ??????
- 3,
?'?? ???????
- 3,
???? ?????
- 3,
????? ????
- 3,
??????? ???
- 3,
??? ???????
-3
- ????? ??????:
?????
- 16,
???????
- 9,
??????
- 8,
?????
- 8,
?????
- 7,
?? ??? ???????
- 6
- ????? ?????? ????:
????? ??????
- ????? (
2000
?
2004
)
- ????? ?????? ??????:
?????
? 8 (
2014
?
2021
)
- ???????? ????:
????? ???????
- 103,
????? ??????
- 91,
??? ???????
- 54,
??????? ???
- 53,
??? ?????
- 51,
??????? ???
- 41,
????'? ????
- 31,
?????? ??????
- 32
- ???????? (????? ?????? ???????) ????:
????? ???????
- 193,
????? ??????
- 155,
??????? ???
- 110,
??? ?????
- 106,
?????? ??????
- 105
???? ???????
- 102,
??? ???????
- 98,
??????? ???
- 80,
????? ???????
- 68,
??????? ???????
- 62,
????? ????
- 60
- ???? ????? ????? ?????:
??????? ???
- ?? 23 ???? ?-134 ???? ?
???? 2010
- ???? ????? ?????? ?????:
???? ????? ???'??
- ?? 46 ???? ?-41 ???? ?
???? 1957
- ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????:
??? ???????
- ?? 18 ???? ?-228 ???? ?-15 ????
2016
- ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????:
??? ???????
- 19 ?????
2023
??????? ??????? ??????? 1 ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????:
-
-
-
1971
-
1980
-
1987
-
1990
-
2001
-
2013
-
2020
?????? ????????? ?????? ????????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
???????? 1 ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????, ?? ??
1979
??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?-"????", ?????, ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ????????? ???? ??????? ????.
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? 1 ?-
1958
???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????.
??????? 1
, ???? ???????
???????
??????? 1
, ???? ???????
???
(
??????
)
??????? 1
, ???? ???????
????????
??????? 1
, ???? ???????
??????
??????? 1
, ??????? ?
???? ???????
- nrg ?????,
?????? ?????: ????? ?????? ???????? 1
, ????
nrg
, 28 ???? 2009
- ???? ??????
,
???? ?????? 1
, ????
????? ????
, 22 ???????? 2010
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, ???? ?
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?, 12 ?????? 2021
?????? ???,
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,
???? ?? ????? ???????, ??????? 1 ???? ?? ??????
, ????
TheMarker
, 21 ????? 2022
- ^
Brett Knight,
A New Budget Cap Gave Small Teams A Reason To Stay In Formula 1. They’re Thinking Much Bigger.
, Forbes
(???????)
- ^
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??????? 1: ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????????
, ????
????
, 11 ?????? 2011
- ^
1
2
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ynet
, 16 ?????? 2011
- ^
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?????? ???? ????, ???????? 1 ?? ???????
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, 9 ???????? 2006
- ^
1
2
???? ???,
????? ???? ?? ??????
, ????
???????
, 15 ??????? 2011
- ^
?????? ??????? ???? ?????
- ^
"Formula 1 bosses confirm engines will not change until 2014"
(??????? ??????). 2011-06-29
. ???? ?-
2019-03-18
.
- ^
Ovidiu Panzariu,
Team Lotus, Virgin, HRT F1 to Start 2011 Without KERS
, autoevolution, 2011-01-28
(???????)
- ^
Power unit and ERS
, Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website
(???????)
- ^
karenunchained,
Drag Reduction System (DRS)
, GRID of SPORTS, 2013-06-09
(???????)
- ^
Drag Reduction System
, Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website
(???????)
- ^
Points, classification and race distance
- ^
Bonus point to be awarded for fastest lap in 2019
, Formula1.com, 11 March 2019
- ^
Classy Button wins abandoned race
, BBC, 5 April 2009